Sengoli: Gregory Harris
Letsatsi La Creation: 13 April 2021
Ntlafatsa Letsatsi: 17 November 2024
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Litaba

Teko ea opioid ke eng?

Liteko tsa opioid li sheba boteng ba li-opioid morotong, maling kapa mathe. Li-opioid ke lithethefatsi tse matla tse sebelisetsoang ho kokobetsa bohloko. Hangata li laeloa ho thusa ho phekola likotsi tse mpe kapa mafu. Ntle le ho fokotsa bohloko, li-opioid li ka eketsa maikutlo a thabo le boiketlo. Hang ha tekanyo ea opioid e fela, ke tlhaho ho batla hore maikutlo ao a khutle. Kahoo le ho sebelisa li-opioid joalo ka ha ho laetsoe ke ngaka ho ka lebisa ho lemalla le ho lemalla.

Mantsoe "li-opioid" le "li-opiate" hangata a sebelisoa ka tsela e ts'oanang. Opiate ke mofuta oa opioid o tsoang ka tlhaho ho semela sa opium poppy.Li-opiate li kenyelletsa meriana codeine le morphine, hammoho le heroine e seng molaong ea lithethefatsi. Li-opioid tse ling ke tsa maiketsetso (tse entsoeng ke motho) kapa tse ling tsa maiketsetso (karolo ea tlhaho ebile e 'ngoe e entsoe ke motho). Mefuta eo ka bobeli e etselitsoe ho hlahisa litlamorao tse tšoanang le opiate ea tlhaho e hlahang ka tlhaho. Mefuta ena ea li-opioid e kenyelletsa:

  • Oxycodone (OxyContin®)
  • Hydrocodone (Vicodin®)
  • Mohala oa motlakase
  • Oxymorphone
  • Methadone
  • Fentanyl. Barekisi ba lithethefatsi ka linako tse ling ba eketsa fentanyl ho heroine. Motsoako ona oa lithethefatsi o kotsi haholo.

Hangata li-opioid li sebelisoa hampe, tse lebisang ho li-overdose le lefu. United States, batho ba mashome a likete ba shoa selemo se seng le se seng ka lebaka la li-overdoses tsa opioid. Liteko tsa opioid li ka thusa ho thibela kapa ho phekola bokhoba ba lithethefatsi pele bo ka ba kotsi.


Mabitso a mang: tlhahlobo ea opioid, opiate screening, opiate test

E sebelisetsoa eng?

Hangata liteko tsa opioid li sebelisoa ho lekola batho ba sebelisang li-opioid tsa ngaka. Teko e thusa ho netefatsa hore u noa meriana e nepahetseng.

Teko ea opioid e kanna ea kenyelletsoa e le karolo ea tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi ka kakaretso. Litlhahlobo tsena li leka mefuta e fapaneng ea lithethefatsi, joalo ka matekoane le cocaine, hammoho le li-opioid. Ho hlahloba lithethefatsi ho ka sebelisoa bakeng sa:

  • Mosebetsi. Bahiri ba ka u leka pele le / kapa kamora ho hira ho hlahloba ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi mosebetsing.
  • Morero oa molao kapa forensiki. Ho etsa liteko ho ka ba karolo ea lipatlisiso tsa botlokotsebe kapa tsa koloi. Ho hlahloba lithethefatsi le hona ho ka laeloa joalo ka karolo ea nyeoe ea lekhotla.

Hobaneng ha ke hloka tlhahlobo ea opioid?

U kanna ua hloka liteko tsa opioid haeba hajoale u ntse u sebelisa li-opioid tse tlamang ho alafa bohloko bo sa foleng kapa boemo bo bong ba bongaka. Liteko li ka u joetsa hore na u noa meriana e mengata ho feta kamoo u lokelang, e ka bang sesupo sa bokhoba.


U kanna oa kopuoa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea lithethefatsi, e kenyeletsang liteko tsa li-opioid, e le boemo ba mosebetsi oa hau kapa e le karolo ea lipatlisiso tsa sepolesa kapa nyeoe ea lekhotla.

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka boela a laela tlhahlobo ea opioid haeba u e-na le matšoao a tlhekefetso ea opioid kapa ho feta tekano. Matšoao a ka qala joalo ka liphetoho tsa bophelo, joalo ka:

  • Ho hloka bohloeki
  • Ho itšehla thajana ho ba lelapa le metsoalle
  • Ho utsoa ho ba lelapa, metsoalle kapa likhoebo
  • Mathata a lichelete

Haeba tlhekefetso ea opioid e ntse e tsoela pele, matšoao a mmele a ka kenyelletsa:

  • Ho bua butle kapa butle
  • Ho phefumoloha ho thata
  • Liithuti tse fokolang kapa tse nyane
  • Delirium
  • Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
  • Ho otsela
  • Moferefere
  • Liphetoho khatello ea mali kapa morethetho oa pelo

Ho etsahalang nakong ea teko ea opioid?

Liteko tse ngata tsa opioid li hloka hore u fane ka sampole ea moroto. U tla fuoa litaelo tsa ho fana ka "sampole e hloekileng". Nakong ea tlhahlobo e hloekileng ea moroto, o tla:


  • Hlapa matsoho a hao
  • Hloekisa sebaka sa hau sa botona le botšehali ka pampiri ea tlhoekiso eo u e filoeng ke mofani oa hau. Banna ba lokela ho hlakola ntlha ea botona ba bona. Basali ba lokela ho bula libia tsa bona le ho hloekisa ho tloha pele ho ea morao.
  • Qala ho ntša metsi ka ntloaneng.
  • Tsamaisa setshelo sa pokello tlasa molapo oa hau oa moroto.
  • Fetisa bonyane moroto o le mong kapa tse peli ka har'a setshelo, se lokelang ho ba le matšoao a ho bonts'a chelete.
  • Qeta ho rota ka ntlwaneng.
  • Khutlisetsa setshelo sa sampole ho setsebi sa laborateng kapa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Maemong a mang, setsebi sa bongaka kapa mosebeletsi e mong oa basebetsi a ka hloka ho ba teng ha o ntse o fana ka sampole ea hau.

Liteko tse ling tsa opioid li hloka hore u fane ka mehlala ea mali kapa mathe a hao.

Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea mali, setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo se tla nka sampole ea mali mothapong o letsohong la hao, a sebelisa nale e nyane. Kamora hore nalete e kenngoe, ho tla bokelloa mali a manyane ka har'a pompo ea liteko. U ka ikutloa u hlaba hanyane ha nale e kena kapa e tsoa. Hangata hona ho nka nako e ka tlase ho metsotso e mehlano.

Nakong ea teko ea mathe:

  • Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla sebelisa swab kapa sebaka se monyang ho bokella mathe kahare ea lerama la hao.
  • Swab kapa pad e tla lula lerameng la hao metsotso e 'maloa ho lumella mathe hore a hahe.

Bafani ba bang ba ka u kopa hore u tšoele mathe ka har'a phaephe, ho fapana le ho roba ka har'a lerama la hao.

Na ke tla hloka ho etsa eng kapa eng ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo?

Etsa bonnete ba hore o bolella mofani oa liteko kapa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u noa moriana ofe kapa ofe kapa litlhare tse rekisoang. Tse ling tsa tsena li ka baka litholoana tse ntle bakeng sa li-opioid. Peo ea Poppy e ka baka litholoana tse ntle tsa opioid. Kahoo o lokela ho qoba lijo tse nang le peo ea poppy ho fihlela matsatsi a mararo pele ho tlhahlobo ea hau.

Na ho na le likotsi tsa tlhahlobo?

Ha ho na likotsi tse tsebahalang tsa ho etsa tlhahlobo ea moroto kapa mathe. Ho na le kotsi e nyane haholo ea ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mali. U kanna oa ba le mahlaba a fokolang kapa ho longoa moo nale e kentsoeng teng, empa matšoao a mangata a fela kapele.

Leha likotsi tsa 'mele tsa liteko li le nyane haholo, sephetho se setle tlhahlobong ea opioid se ka ama likarolo tse ling tsa bophelo ba hau, ho kenyeletsoa mosebetsi oa hau kapa sephetho sa nyeoe ea lekhotla.

Liphetho li bolelang?

Haeba liphetho tsa hau li le mpe, ho bolela hore ha ho li-opioid tse fumanoeng 'meleng oa hau, kapa hore o nka li-opioid tse nepahetseng bakeng sa boemo ba hau ba bophelo bo botle. Empa haeba u na le matšoao a tlhekefetso ea opioid, mofani oa hau o tla odara liteko tse ling.

Haeba liphetho tsa hau li le ntle, ho ka bolela hore ho na le li-opioid tsamaisong ea hau. Haeba li-opioid tse phahameng li fumanoa, ho ka bolela hore o noa moriana o mongata haholo kapa o sebelisa lithethefatsi hampe. Ho na le menyetla e metle ea bohata, kahoo mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka odara liteko tse ling ho netefatsa sephetho se setle.

Ithute haholoanyane ka liteko tsa laboratori, libaka tsa litšupiso, le liphetho tsa kutloisiso.

Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka liteko tsa opioid?

Haeba liphetho tsa hau li bontša maemo a opioid a seng kotsi, ho bohlokoa ho fumana kalafo. Bokhoba ba opioid bo ka ba kotsi.

Haeba u alafshoa ke bohloko bo sa foleng, sebetsa le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ho fumana mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le bohloko bo sa kenyelletseng li-opioid. Kalafo bakeng sa mang kapa mang ea sebelisang hampe li-opioid e ka kenyelletsa:

  • Meriana
  • Mananeo a ntlafatso maemong a kulang kapa a bakuli ba kantle ho nako
  • Keletso e tsoelang pele ea kelello
  • Lihlopha tsa tšehetso

Litšupiso

  1. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Ho feta tekano ha Opioid: Tlhahisoleseling bakeng sa bakuli; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Oct 3; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 6]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/patients/index.html
  2. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Ho Lekoa ha Lithethefatsi; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/prescribing/CDC-DUIP-UrineDrugTesting_FactSheet-508.pdf
  3. Drugs.com [Inthanete]. Lithethefatsi.com; c2000–2019. Liteko tsa liteko tsa lithethefatsi; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 May 1; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.drugs.com/article/drug-testing.html
  4. Johns Hopkins Medicine [Inthanete]. Baltimore: Univesithi ea Johns Hopkins; c2019. Matšoao a Tlhekefetso ea Opioid; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/opioids/signs-of-opioid-abuse.html
  5. Johns Hopkins Medicine [Inthanete]. Baltimore: Univesithi ea Johns Hopkins; c2019. Ho Phekola Bokhoba ba Opioid; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/opioids/treating-opioid-addiction.html
  6. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2019. Teko ea Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Jan 16; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/drug-abuse-testing
  7. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2019. Teko ea Opioid; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Dec 18; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/opioid-testing
  8. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2019. Mokhoa oa ho lemalla opioid o hlaha joang; 2018 Feb 16 [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prescription-drug-abuse/in-depth/how-opioid-addiction-occurs/art-20360372
  9. Phetolelo ea Merck Manual Consumer [Inthanete]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2019. Li-opioids; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/special-subjects/recreational-drugs-and-intoxicants/opioids
  10. Milone MC. Teko ea laboratori bakeng sa li-opioid tsa ngaka. J Med Toxicol [Inthanete]. 2012 Dec [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mmesa 16]; 8 (4): 408-416. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3550258
  11. National Heart, Lung, le Setsi sa Mali [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Liteko tsa Mali; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
  12. Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Opioids: Tlhaloso e Khutšoanyane; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids
  13. Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Lintlha tsa Opioid bakeng sa Bacha; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Jul; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/opioid-facts-teens/faqs-about-opioids
  14. Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Mathata a Opioid Overdose; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Jan; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis
  15. Setsi sa Naha sa Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi Bakeng sa Bacha [Marang-rang]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Ho Lekoa ka Lithethefatsi… bakeng sa Peo ea Poppy ?; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 May 1; e qotsitsoeng 2019 ka la 1 Mots'eanong]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://teens.drugabuse.gov/blog/post/drug-testing-poppy-seeds
  16. Tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle ba sechaba sa Northwest [Internet]. Arlington Heights (IL): Northwest Community Healthcare; c2019. Laeborari ea Bophelo: Sesepa sa lithethefatsi sa moroto; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: http://nch.adam.com/content.aspx?productId=117&isArticleLink=false&pid=1&gid=003364
  17. Quest Diagnostics [Inthanete]. Diagnostics ea Quest; c2000–2019. Ho etsa liteko tsa lithethefatsi bakeng sa li-opiate; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.questdiagnostics.com/home/companies/employer/drug-screening/drugs-tested/opiates.html
  18. Scholl L, Seth P, Kariisa M, Wilson N, Baldwin G. Lithethefatsi le Opioid-E amehang ho feta tekano Mafu-United States, 2013-2017. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep [Inthanete]. 2019 Jan 4 [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; 67 (5152): 1419–1427. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm675152e1.htm
  19. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2019. Liteko tsa Toxicology: Kamoo E Etsoang Kateng; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Oct 9; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 5]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/toxicology/hw27448.html#hw27467
  20. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2019. Toxicology Liteko: Liphetho; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Oct 9; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 8]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/toxicology/hw27448.html#hw27505
  21. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2019. Liteko tsa Toxicology: Kakaretso ea Teko; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Oct 9; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Mphalane 16]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/toxicology/hw27448.html#hw27451

Tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang sebakeng sena sa marang-rang ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho nka sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea bongaka le likeletso. Ikopanye le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le lipotso ka bophelo ba hau.


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