Sengoli: Monica Porter
Letsatsi La Creation: 17 La March 2021
Ntlafatsa Letsatsi: 14 November 2024
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) ke boloetse bo ikemetseng boo sesole sa hau sa 'mele se hlaselang tšireletso e sirelletsang methapo ea methapo ea hau ea methapo ea kutlo (CNS). CNS e kenyelletsa boko le mokokotlo oa mokokotlo.

Phekolo ea phetoho ea mafu (DMTs) ke kalafo e khothalletsoang ho thusa ho fokotsa nts'etsopele ea MS. DMTs e ka thusa ho liehisa ho holofala le ho fokotsa makhetlo a li-flares ho batho ba nang le boemo boo.

Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi (FDA) e amohetse li-DMTs tse ngata ho sebetsana le mefuta ea MS e khutlang hape, ho kenyeletsoa le li-DMTs tse tšeletseng tse nkiloeng ka molomo joaloka li-capsule kapa matlapa

Bala pele ho ithuta haholoanyane ka li-DMTs tsa molomo le hore na li sebetsa joang.

Karolo ea lisele tsa B le lisele tsa T

Ho utloisisa hore na DMTS ea molomo e thusa joang ho phekola MS, o hloka ho tseba ka karolo ea lisele tse itseng tsa 'mele ho MS.


Mefuta e mengata ea lisele tsa 'mele le limolek'hule li ameha karabong e sa tloaelehang ea boits'ireletso ba mmele e bakang ho ruruha le tšenyo ho MS.

Tsena li kenyelletsa lisele tsa T le lisele tsa B, mefuta e 'meli ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse tsejoang e le lymphocyte. Li hlahisoa ka har'a 'mele oa hau lymphatic system.

Ha lisele tsa T li tloha tsamaisong ea hau ea lymphatic ho ea maling a hau, li ka etela CNS ea hau.

Mefuta e meng ea lisele tsa T e hlahisa liprotheine tse tsejoang e le cytokines, tse bakang ho ruruha. Ho batho ba nang le MS, li-cytokine tse matlafatsang li baka tšenyo ho myelin le lisele tsa methapo.

Lisele tsa B li boetse li hlahisa li-cytokine tse matlafatsang, tse ka thusang ho tsamaisa mesebetsi ea lisele tsa T tse bakang mafu ho MS. Lisele tsa B le tsona li hlahisa li-antibodies, tse ka bang le karolo ho MS.

Li-DMTs tse ngata li sebetsa ka ho fokotsa ho ts'oaroa, ho phela kapa ho sisinyeha ha lisele tsa T, lisele tsa B kapa tse peli. Sena se thusa ho fokotsa ho ruruha le tšenyo ho CNS. Li-DMTs tse ling li sireletsa lisele tsa methapo hore li se ke tsa senyeha ka litsela tse ling.

Cladribine (Mavenclad)

FDA e amohetse ts'ebeliso ea cladribine (Mavenclad) ho alafa mefuta e khutlang ea MS ho batho ba baholo. Ho fihlela joale, ha ho lithuto tse seng li phethetsoe mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea Mavenclad baneng.


Ha motho e mong a noa meriana ena, e kena liseleng tsa T le B liseleng tsa 'mele ea hae mme e kena-kenana le bokhoni ba lisele tsa ho hlophisa le ho lokisa DNA. Sena se etsa hore lisele li shoe, ho fokotsa palo ea lisele tsa T le lisele tsa B masole a 'mele a tsona.

Haeba u fumana kalafo ka Mavenclad, u tla nka lithuto tse peli tsa moriana ho feta lilemo tse 2. Thupelo ka 'ngoe e tla kenyelletsa libeke tse 2 tsa kalafo, tse arohaneng le khoeli e le' ngoe.

Nakong ea beke e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea kalafo, ngaka ea hau e tla u eletsa hore u noe tekanyetso e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa matsatsi a 4 kapa a mahlano.

Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera)

FDA e amohetse dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) bakeng sa ho phekola mefuta e khutlang ea MS ho batho ba baholo.

FDA ha e so amohele Tecfidera bakeng sa ho phekola MS ho bana. Leha ho le joalo, lingaka li ka fa bana meriana ena ka mokhoa o tsejoang e le tšebeliso ea "off-label".

Leha lipatlisiso tse ling li hlokahala, liphuputso ho fihlela joale li fana ka maikutlo a hore sethethefatsi sena se bolokehile ebile sea sebetsa bakeng sa ho phekola MS ho bana.

Litsebi ha li tsebe hantle hore na Tecfidera e sebetsa joang. Leha ho le joalo, bafuputsi ba fumane hore moriana ona o ka fokotsa bongata ba mefuta e itseng ea lisele tsa T le lisele tsa B, hammoho le li-cytokine tse matlafatsang.


Tecfidera e boetse e bonahala e kenya tšebetsong protheine e tsejoang ka hore ke nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NRF2). Sena se baka likarabo tsa lisele tse thusang ho sireletsa lisele tsa methapo khatellong ea oxidative.

Haeba u laetsoe Tecfidera, ngaka ea hau e tla u eletsa hore u noe litekanyo tse peli tsa 120-milligram (mg) ka letsatsi matsatsing a pele a 7 a kalafo. Kamora beke ea pele, ba tla u joetsa hore u noe litekanyetso tse peli tsa 240-mg ka letsatsi khafetsa.

Diroximel fumarate (Bongata)

FDA e amohetse diroximel fumarate (Vumerity) ho phekola mefuta e khutlang ea MS ho batho ba baholo. Litsebi ha li e-so tsebe hore na meriana ena e bolokehile kapa ea sebetsa ho bana.

Palo ke karolo ea sehlopha se tšoanang sa meriana joaloka Tecfidera. Joaloka Tecfidera, ho lumeloa hore e kenya protheine NRF2. Sena se beha likarabo tsa lisele tse thusang ho thibela tšenyo ea lisele tsa methapo.

Haeba moralo oa hau oa kalafo o kenyelletsa Bongata, ngaka ea hau e tla u eletsa hore u noe 231 mg ea meriana habeli ka letsatsi matsatsing a 7 a pele. Ho tloha ka nako eo ho ea pele, o lokela ho nka meriana e 462 mg habeli ka letsatsi.

Fingolimod (Gilenya)

FDA e amohetse fingolimod (Gilenya) bakeng sa ho phekola mefuta e khutlang ea MS ho batho ba baholo hammoho le bana ba lilemo li 10 kapa ho feta.

FDA ha e so ananele meriana ena bakeng sa ho phekola bana ba banyenyane, empa lingaka li kanna tsa fana ka eona hore e tlosoe ho bana ba ka tlase ho lilemo tse 10.

Meriana ena e thibela mofuta oa molek'hule e tsejoang e le sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) ho tloha ho tlamang ho lisele tsa T le lisele tsa B. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, sena se thibela lisele tseo ho kena maling le ho ea CNS.

Ha lisele tseo li emisoa ho etela CNS, li ke ke tsa baka ho ruruha le tšenyo moo.

Gilenya e nkuoa hang ka letsatsi. Ho batho ba boima bo fetang liponto tse 88 (kilograms tse 40), tekanyetso e khothalletsoang ea letsatsi le letsatsi ke 0.5 mg. Ho ba boima bo ka tlase ho moo, tekanyetso e khothalletsoang ea letsatsi le letsatsi ke 0.25 mg.

Haeba u qala kalafo ka meriana ena ebe u khaotsa ho e sebelisa, u ka ba le bohale bo matla.

Batho ba bang ba nang le MS ba bile le keketseho e matla ea bokooa le liso tse ncha tsa boko ka mor'a hore ba khaotse ho noa meriana ena.

Siponimod (Mayzent)

FDA e amohetse siponimod (Mayzent) bakeng sa ho phekola mefuta e khutlang ea MS ho batho ba baholo. Ho fihlela joale, bafuputsi ha ba so phethele lithuto life kapa life mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea meriana ena ho bana.

Mayzent o sehlopheng se le seng sa lithethefatsi le Gilenya. Joalo ka Gilenya, e thibela S1P ho itlama ho lisele tsa T le lisele tsa B. Sena se emisa lisele tsa 'mele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung ho ea bokong le mokokotlong, moo li ka bakang tšenyo.

Mayzent e nkuoa hang ka letsatsi. Ho fumana litekanyetso tse nepahetseng tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, ngaka ea hau e tla qala ka ho u hlahloba lets'oao la liphatsa tsa lefutso le ka u thusang ho tseba karabelo ea hau moriana ona.

Liphetho tsa liteko tsa hau tsa lefutso li bontša hore meriana ena e ka u sebeletsa hantle, ngaka ea hau e tla u fa tekanyetso e nyane ho qala. Ba tla eketsa butle-butle tekanyetso ea hau e behiloeng ts'ebetsong e tsejoang ka hore ke titration. Morero ke ho ntlafatsa melemo e ka bang teng ha o ntse o fokotsa litlamorao.

Haeba u noa meriana ena ebe u khaotsa ho e sebelisa, boemo ba hao bo ka mpefala.

Teriflunomide (Aubagio)

FDA e amohetse ts'ebeliso ea teriflunomide (Aubagio) bakeng sa ho phekola mefuta e khutlang ea MS ho batho ba baholo. Ha ho lithuto tse phatlalalitsoeng hajoale mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsena ho bana.

Aubagio e thibela enzyme e tsejoang e le dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Enzyme ena e kenya letsoho ho hlahiseng pyrimidine, e leng moaho oa DNA o hlokoang bakeng sa pokello ea DNA liseleng tsa T le lisele tsa B.

Ha enzyme ena e sa khone ho fumana pyrimidine e lekaneng ho etsa DNA, e thibela ho theoa ha lisele tse ncha tsa T le lisele tsa B.

Haeba u fumana kalafo ka Aubagio, ngaka ea hau e ka u fa tekanyetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea 7 kapa 14-mg.

Lithethefatsi tse ling tse fetolang mafu

Ntle le litlhare tsena tsa molomo, FDA e amohetse li-DMTs tse 'maloa tse entiloeng ka tlasa letlalo kapa tse fanoang ka ho kenella ka methapo.

Li kenyeletsa:

  • alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
  • glatiramer ea acetate (Copaxone, Glatect)
  • interferon beta-1 (Avonex)
  • interferon beta-1a (Rebif)
  • interferon beta-1b (Betaseron, Extavia)
  • mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
  • natalizumab (Tysabri)
  • ocrelizumab (Ocrevus)
  • peginterferon beta-1a (Thabiso)

Bua le ngaka ea hau ho ithuta haholoanyane ka meriana ena.

Kotsi e ka bang teng ea litla-morao tse tsoang ho DMTs

Kalafo ea DMTs e ka baka litla-morao, tseo maemong a mang li leng mpe haholo.

Litla-morao tsa kalafo li ka fapana ho latela mofuta oa DMT oo uo nkang.

Tse ling tsa litla-morao tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:

  • hlooho e opang
  • ho nyekeloa ke pelo
  • ho hlatsa
  • letšollo
  • ho phatloha hoa letlalo
  • ho lahleheloa ke moriri
  • ho otla ha pelo butle
  • ho tsubisa sefahleho
  • Ho se utloise bohloko ka mpeng

Li-DMTs li hokahane le kotsi e eketsehileng ea tšoaetso, joalo ka:

  • ntaramane
  • bronchitis
  • lefuba
  • masapo
  • mafu a itseng a fungal
  • tsoelo-pele ea leukoencephalopathy e tsoelang pele, mofuta o sa tloaelehang oa tšoaetso ea boko

Kotsi e eketsehileng ea tšoaetso ke hobane meriana ena e fetola sesole sa hau sa 'mele' me e ka fokotsa palo ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali tse loantšang maloetse 'meleng oa hau.

DMTs e ka baka litla-morao tse ling tse tebileng, tse kang tšenyo ea sebete le likotsi tse matla tsa mmele. Li-DMTs tse ling li ka baka khatello ea mali ea hau hore e phahame. Tse ling li ka baka hore lebelo la pelo ea hao le fokotsehe.

Hopola hore ngaka ea hau e tla khothaletsa DMT haeba e lumela hore melemo e ka bang teng ho feta likotsi.

Ho phela le MS e sa sebetsanoeng hantle le hona ho na le likotsi tse kholo. Bua le ngaka ea hau ho ithuta haholoanyane ka litlamorao tse ka bang teng le melemo ea li-DMTs tse fapaneng.

Hangata li-DMTs ha li nkoe li sireletsehile bakeng sa batho ba nang le moimana kapa ba anyesang.

Ho laola kotsi ea litla-morao

Pele o qala kalafo ka DMT, ngaka ea hau e lokela ho u hlahloba bakeng sa tšoaetso e sebetsang, tšenyo ea sebete le mathata a mang a bophelo bo ka hlahisang likotsi tsa ho noa meriana.

Ngaka ea hau e kanna ea u khothaletsa ho fumana liente tse ling pele u qala kalafo ka DMT. U kanna ua hloka ho ema libeke tse 'maloa kamora ho fumana liente pele u qala ho noa moriana.

Ha o ntse o fumana kalafo ka DMT, ngaka ea hau e kanna ea u eletsa hore u qobe meriana e itseng, litlatsetso tsa phepo e ntle, kapa lihlahisoa tse ling. Ba botse hore na ho na le meriana kapa lihlahisoa tse ling tse ka sebelisanang kapa tsa kena-kenana le DMT.

Ngaka ea hau e lokela ho u lekola bakeng sa matšoao a litla-morao nakong ea kalafo le kamora 'kalafo ka DMT. Mohlala, ba kanna ba odara liteko tsa mali khafetsa ho lekola palo ea lisele tsa mali le li-enzyme tsa sebete.

Haeba u nahana hore u kanna ua ba le litla-morao, tsebisa ngaka ea hau hanghang.

Tsela

Li-DMTs tse ngata li amohetsoe ho phekola MS, ho kenyeletsoa mefuta e tšeletseng ea kalafo ea molomo.

E meng ea meriana ena e ka ba e bolokehileng kapa e loketse batho ba itseng ho feta e meng.

Pele o qala ho nka DMT, botsa ngaka ea hau ka melemo e ka bang teng le likotsi tsa ho e sebelisa. Li ka u thusa ho utloisisa hore na kalafo tse fapaneng li ka ama 'mele oa hau joang le pono ea nako e telele le MS.

Sena ke seo e se utloang joaloka ho phela le MS

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