Boloetse ba ho robala ke eng, matšoao a mantlha le kalafo

Litaba

• Matšoao a mantlha
• Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba o etsoa joang
• E fetisoa joang
• Khetho ea kalafo

Boloetse ba ho robala, bo tsejoang ka mahlale e le trypanosomiasis ea batho ba Afrika, ke lefu le bakoang ke protozoan Trypanosoma brucei gambiense lerhodesiense, e fetisoang ke ho longoa ke ntsintsi ea tsetse, e atisang ho fumanoa linaheng tsa Afrika.

Matšoao a lefu lena hangata a hlaha kamora libeke tse 'maloa ka mor'a ho longoa, leha ho le joalo, ho ka nka likhoeli tse' maloa ho hlaha 'me sena se latela mofuta oa ntsintsi le karabelo ea mmele oa motho ho kokoana-hloko, mohlala.

Hang ha matšoao a hlaha ho bohlokoa ho ikopanya le ngaka e akaretsang, hobane kamora ho fumana lefu la boroko ho hlokahala hore o qale kalafo kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang, hobane haeba e fetoha haholo e ka beha bophelo ba motho eo kotsing, ka lebaka la likotsi tse bakiloeng ke likokoana-hloko tsamaisong ea methapo le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa boko.

Matšoao a mantlha

Matšoao a lefu la boroko a fapana ho ea ka batho, 'me a ipapisitse le boemo ba lefu lena, joalo ka:

• Sethala se khaoang: mothating ona, ho a khonahala ho sheba li-papules tse khubelu letlalong, tse mpefalang ebe li ba seso se bohloko, se lefifi, se ruruhileng se bitsoang mofets'e. Letšoao lena le hlaha hoo e ka bang libeke tse 2 kamora ho longoa ke ntsintsi ea tsetse, e atile haholo bathong ba basoeu ebile ha e bonahale hangata bathong ba batsho;
• Sethala sa hemolymphatic: kamora khoeli ea ho longoa ke likokoanyana, kokoana-hloko e fihla tsamaisong ea lymphatic le maling, e lebisang ponahalong ea metsi molaleng, hlooho e bohloko, feberu le matheba a khubelu a hasaneng hohle 'meleng;
• Sethala sa Meningo-encephalitic: ke mohato o tsoetseng pele ka ho fetesisa oa bokuli ba boroko le ho otsela, moo protozoan e fihlelang ts'ebetsong ea methapo ea mantlha, e baka tšenyo ea boko e bonoang ke ponahalo ea pherekano ea kelello, boroko bo feteletseng, liphetoho boitšoarong le mathata ka tekano ea mmele.

Ho tlatselletsa, lefu la boroko le ka baka liphetoho tse ling 'meleng, joalo ka mathata a pelo, masapo le sebete, hape le ka baka mefuta e meng ea mafu a kang nyumonia, malaria. Hlahloba haholoanyane ka matšoao a mantlha a malaria.

Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba o etsoa joang

Ho fumanoa ha lefu la ho robala ho etsoa ka ho etsa liteko tsa mali ho netefatsa boteng ba liprotheine tse ikhethang, tse bitsoang IgM immunoglobulins, le ho bona hore na ho na le lisireletsi tse potolohang maling. Haeba motho a e-na le lefu la ho robala, tlhahlobo ea mali le eona e ka ba le liphetoho tse ling joalo ka khaello ea mali le monocytosis. Bona ho eketsehileng ka hore na monocytosis ke eng.

Batho ba belaelloang ke bokuli ba ho robala ba lokela ho bokella moko oa masapo le lumbar puncture ho sekaseka, ka laboratoring, hore na protozoa e fihlile kae maling le bokong hape e sebeletsa ho bala lisele tsa ts'ireletso mokelikeling oa cerebrospinal, e leng mokelikeli o e potoloha tsamaisong ea methapo.

E fetisoa joang

Mofuta o atileng haholo oa phetiso ea lefu la ho robala ke ka ho longoa ke ntsintsi, e tsoang lelapeng Glossinidae. Maemong a mang a sa tloaelehang, tšoaetso e ka hlaha hape ka lebaka la ho longoa ke mofuta o mong oa lintsintsi kapa menoang, eo pele e neng e lomme motho ea tšoaelitsoeng ke protozoan, mohlala.

Ntsintsi ea tsetse e fumanoa hangata libakeng tsa mahaeng tsa Afrika, libakeng tseo ho nang le limela tse ngata, mocheso le mongobo o phahameng. Hang ha e fofetse, ntsintsi ena e jara likokoana-hloko bophelo bohle ba eona, 'me e ka silafatsa batho ba' maloa.

Ka hona, ho bohlokoa ho nka mehato e meng ho thibela ho longoa ke tsetse fly, joalo ka:

• Apara liaparo tse matsoho a malelele, haholo-holo ea 'mala o sa jeleng paate, kaha ntsintsi e hoheloa ke mebala e khanyang;
• Qoba ho ba haufi le morung, hobane ntsintsi e ka phela lihlahleng tse nyane;
• Sebelisa lintho tse lelekang likokoanyana, haholo-holo ho leleka mefuta e meng ea lintsintsi le menoang e ka fetisang lefu lena.

Ntle le moo, ts'oaetso ea likokoana-hloko e ka fetela ho bo-mme ho ea ho bana, ea hlaha ka lebaka la ho longoa ka phoso ka linalete tse silafalitsoeng kapa ea etsahala kamora likamano tse haufi ntle le khohlopo.

Khetho ea kalafo

Kalafo e fapana ho ea ka lilemo tsa motho mme e ipapisitse le boemo ba lefu lena, 'me haeba e phekoloa pele e ama tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng, meriana e sebelisitsoeng ha e mabifi joalo ka pentamidine kapa suramine. Leha ho le joalo, haeba lefu lena le tsoetse pele haholo, ho hlokahala hore ho sebelisoe lithethefatsi tse matlafatsang tse nang le litla-morao tse ngata, joalo ka melarsoprol, eflornithine kapa nifurtimox, e lokelang ho fuoa sepetlele.

Kalafo ena e tlameha ho tsoelapele ho fihlela likokoana-hloko li tlosoa ka botlalo 'meleng, ka hona, mali le maro a mang a' mele a tlameha ho phetoa ho netefatsa hore likokoana-hloko li felisitsoe ka botlalo.Kamora moo, ho hlokahala hore o lule o lebetse likhoeli tse 24, o shebile matšoao 'me o etsa liteko tse tloaelehileng, ho netefatsa hore lefu lena ha le hlahe hape.