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Tlhahlobo ea Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Moriana
Tlhahlobo ea Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Moriana

Litaba

Autism spectrum disorder screening ke eng?

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ke bokuli ba boko bo amang boitšoaro ba motho, puisano le boiphihlelo ba hae sechabeng. Boloetse bona hangata bo hlaha lilemong tse peli tsa pele tsa bophelo. ASD e bitsoa "spectrum" disorder hobane ho na le matšoao a fapaneng. Matšoao a Autism a ka tloha bobeng ho ea bohlokong. Bana ba bang ba nang le ASD ba kanna ba se khone ho sebetsa ntle le tšehetso ea batsoali le bahlokomeli. Ba bang ba hloka tšehetso e fokolang mme qetellong ba ka phela ba ikemetse.

Ho hlahloba ASD ke mohato oa pele oa ho fumana lefu lena. Le ha ho se na pheko ea ASD, kalafo ea kapele e ka thusa ho fokotsa matšoao a autism le ho ntlafatsa bophelo.

Mabitso a mang: Ho hlahlojoa ha ASD

E sebelisetsoa eng?

Autism spectrum disorder screening hangata e sebelisoa ho hlahloba matšoao a autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ho bana ba lilemo li 2 le tlase.

Hobaneng ha ngoan'a ka a hloka tlhahlobo ea boloetse ba boloetse ba autism?

American Academy of Pediatrics e khothaletsa hore bana bohle ba hlahlojoe ASD nakong ea likhoeli tse 18 le tse 24 tsa ho hlahloba bana hantle.


Ngoana oa hau a ka hloka ho hlahlojoa a le monyane lilemong haeba a na le matšoao a ASD. Matšoao a Autism a ka kenyelletsa:

  • Ho se shebane le ba bang ka mahlo
  • Ho se arabe pososelo ea motsoali kapa boitšisinyo bo bong
  • Ho lieha ho ithuta ho bua. Bana ba bang ba ka pheta mantsoe ba sa utloisise moelelo oa ona.
  • Ho sisinyeha ha 'mele khafetsa joalo ka ho tsitsinya, ho ohla, kapa ho otlanya matsoho
  • Ho shebella lintho tsa ho bapala kapa lintho tse itseng
  • Mathata a phetoho ea tloaelo

Bana ba baholo le batho ba baholo le bona ba ka hloka ho hlahlojoa haeba ba na le matšoao a autism mme ba sa fumanoe e le masea. Matšoao ana a kenyeletsa:

  • Ho ba le bothata ba ho buisana
  • Ho ikutloa u sithabetse maemong a sechaba
  • Ho sisinyeha ha 'mele khafetsa
  • Thahasello e kholo litabeng tse ikhethileng

Ho etsahalang nakong ea tlhahlobo ea bothata ba autism?

Ha ho na teko e khethehileng bakeng sa ASD. Ho hlahloba hangata ho kenyelletsa:

  • Lenane la lipotso bakeng sa batsoali ba batlang tlhahisoleseling mabapi le kholo le boits'oaro ba ngoana oa bona.
  • Ho shebella. Mofani oa ngoana oa hau o tla sheba hore na ngoana oa hau o bapala joang le hore o sebelisana joang le ba bang.
  • Liteko e kopang ngoana oa hau ho etsa mesebetsi e lekolang bokhoni ba hae ba ho nahana le bokhoni ba ho etsa liqeto.

Ka linako tse ling bothata ba 'mele bo ka baka matšoao a kang a autism. Kahoo ho hlahloba ho ka kenyelletsa:


  • Liteko tsa mali ho hlahloba chefo ea loto le mathata a mang
  • Liteko tsa ho utloa. Bothata ba kutlo bo ka baka mathata ho tsebo ea puo le tšebelisanong le sechaba.
  • Liteko tsa lefutso. Liteko tsena li sheba mathata a futsitsoeng joalo ka lefu la Fragile X. Fragile X e baka bokooa ba kelello le matšoao a tšoanang le ASD. Hangata e ama bashanyana.

Na ho na le seo ke tla hloka ho se etsa ho lokisetsa ngoana oa ka tlhahlobo ea mafu a sebono sa autism?

Ha ho na litokisetso tse khethehileng tse hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ena.

Na ho na le likotsi tsa ho hlahlojoa?

Ha ho na kotsi ea ho ba le tlhaiso-leseling ea boloetse ba autism.

Liphetho li bolelang?

Haeba liphetho li bontša matšoao a ASD, mofani oa hau a ka u fetisetsa ho litsebi bakeng sa liteko tse eketsehileng le / kapa kalafo. Litsebi tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

  • Ngaka ea bana ea nts'etsopele. Ngaka e sebetsanang le ho phekola bana ba nang le litlhoko tse khethehileng.
  • Setsebi sa methapo ea mafu. Ngaka e sebetsanang le ho utloisisa likamano lipakeng tsa boko le boitšoaro.
  • Ngaka ea kelello ea bana. Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ea sebetsanang le ho phekola bophelo ba kelello le boits'oaro, boits'oaro le kholo ea bana.

Haeba ngoana oa hau a fumanoa a e-na le ASD, ho bohlokoa ho fumana kalafo kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Kalafo ea kapele e ka thusa ho sebelisa matla le bokhoni ba ngoana oa hau ka botlalo. Kalafo e bontšitsoe ho ntlafatsa boits'oaro, puisano le boiphihlelo ba sechaba.


Kalafo ea ASD e kenyelletsa litšebeletso le tšehetso ho tsoa ho bafani ba mefuta le lisebelisoa. Haeba ngoana oa hau a fumanoa a na le ASD, bua le mofani oa hae mabapi le ho etsa leano la kalafo.

Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka tlhahlobo ea "autism spectrum disorder"?

Ha ho na sesosa se le seng sa bothata ba autism. Patlisiso e bontša hore e bakoa ke ho kopanya lintho. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa mathata a liphatsa tsa lefutso, tšoaetso, kapa meriana e nkuoeng nakong ea bokhachane, le botsofali ba motsoali a le mong kapa bobeli ba bona (ba 35 kapa ho feta bakeng sa basali, ba 40 kapa ho feta bakeng sa banna).

Patlisiso le eona e bonts'a ka ho hlaka hore ho na le ha ho na kamano lipakeng tsa liente tsa bongoana le bothata ba maikutlo a autism.

Haeba u na le lipotso mabapi le lisosa le lisosa tsa kotsi tsa ASD, bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba ngoana oa hau.

Litšupiso

  1. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Ho Hlahloba le Ho Fumana Bothata ba Autism Spectrum Disorder; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Sep 26]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/screening.html
  2. Durkin MS, Maenner MJ, Newschaffer CJ, Lee LC, Cunniff CM, Daniels JL, Kirby RS, Leavitt L, Miller L, Zahorodny W, Schieve LA. Lilemo tse tsoetseng pele tsa botsoali le kotsi ea bothata ba autism spectrum. Am J Epidemiol [Inthanete]. 2008 Dec 1 [e qotsitsoeng 2019 Oct 21]; EA-168-11. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18945690
  3. HealthyChildren.org [Inthanete]. Itaska (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; c2019. Autism Spectrum Disorder: Autism Spectrum Disorder ke eng; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 la 26 Mmesa; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/Autism/Pages/Autism-Spectrum-Disorder.aspx
  4. HealthyChildren.org [Inthanete]. Itaska (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; c2019. Autism e Khetholloa Joang ?; [e ntlafalitsoeng ka 2015 Sep 4; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/Autism/Pages/Diagnosing-Autism.aspx
  5. HealthyChildren.org [Inthanete]. Itaska (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; c2019. Kamoo Lingaka tsa bana li hlahlobang Autism ka teng; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2016 Feb 8; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/Autism/Pages/How-Doctors-Screen-for-Autism.aspx
  6. HealthyChildren.org [Inthanete]. Itaska (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; c2019. Matšoao a Pele a Autism ke afe ?; [e ntlafalitsoeng ka 2015 Sep 4; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/Autism/Pages/Early-Signs-of-Autism-Spectrum-Disorders.aspx
  7. Bophelo ba Bana ho tsoa Nemours [Marang-rang]. Jacksonville (FL): Motheo oa Nemours; c1995–2019. Autism Spectrum Disorder; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Sep 26]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pervasive-develop-disorders.html
  8. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2019. Autism spectrum disorder: Tlhahlobo le kalafo; 2018 Jan 6 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2019 Sep 26]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352934
  9. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2019. Autism spectrum disorder: Matšoao le lisosa; 2018 Jan 6 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2019 Sep 26]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20352928
  10. Setsi sa Naha sa Bophelo ba kelello [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Autism Spectrum Disorder; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Mar; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd/index.shtml
  11. Setsebi sa kelello-License.com [Marang-rang].Setsebi sa kelello-License.com; c2013–2019. Litsebi tsa kelello tsa bana: Seo ba se etsang le ho ba ntho e le 'ngoe; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Sep 26]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.psychologist-license.com/types-of-psychologists/child-psychologist.html#context/api/listings/prefilter
  12. Bophelo ba UF: Univesithi ea Florida Health [Marang-rang]. Gainesville (FL): Univesithi ea Florida Health; c2019. Fragile X syndrome: Kakaretso; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Sep 26; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://ufhealth.org/fragile-x-syndrome
  13. Sekolo sa Bongaka sa UNC [Marang-rang]. Chapel Hill (NC): Univesithi ea North Carolina ho Chapel Hill School of Medicine; c2018. Tlhahlobo ea Neuropsychological FAQ; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2019 Sep 26]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 4]; E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.med.unc.edu/neurology/divisions/movement-disorders/npsycheval
  14. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2019. Tlhahisoleseling ea Bophelo: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Litlhahlobo le Liteko; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Sep 11; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/mini/autism/hw152184.html#hw152206
  15. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2019. Tlhahisoleseling ka Bophelo: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Matšoao; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Sep 11; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/mini/autism/hw152184.html#hw152190
  16. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2019. Tlhahisoleseling ka Bophelo: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Kakaretso ea Sehlooho; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Sep 11; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/mini/autism/hw152184.html
  17. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2019. Tlhahisoleseling ka Bophelo: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Kakaretso ea Phekolo; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Sep 11; qotsitsoeng 2019 Sep 26]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 5]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/mini/autism/hw152184.html#hw152215

Tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang sebakeng sena sa marang-rang ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho nka sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea bongaka le likeletso. Ikopanye le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le lipotso ka bophelo ba hau.

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