Na li-nitrate le li-nitrite lijong li kotsi?

Litaba

• Li-nitrate le li-nitrite ke eng?
• Moo li-nitrate le li-nitrite li fumanoang
• Kamoo nitrate e amang khatello ea mali le bophelo bo botle ba pelo kateng
• Na naetrate e ka etsa tšebetso ea 'mele?
• Likotsi tsa nitrate le nitrites
• Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea nitrosamine
• Ntlha ea bohlokoa

Nitrate le nitrites ke metsoako e hlahang ka tlhaho 'meleng oa motho le lijong tse ling, joalo ka meroho. Bahlahisi ba boetse ba li eketsa lijong tse sebelisitsoeng, joalo ka bacon, ho li boloka le ho li etsa hore li tšoarelle nako e telele.

Mefuta e meng, nitrate le nitrites li ka ba kotsi. Leha ho le joalo, ba kanna ba ba le melemo ea bophelo bo botle.

Sengoliloeng sena se hlahloba li-nitrate le li-nitrite lijong.

Li-nitrate le li-nitrite ke eng?

Li-nitrate le li-nitrite ke mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng ea motsoako.

Nitrate (NO3) e na le athomo e le 'ngoe ea naetrojene le liathomo tse tharo tsa oksijene. Li-nitrites (NO2) li na le athomo e le 'ngoe ea naetrojene le liathomo tse peli tsa oksijene.

Li-nitrate ha li na matla, ho bolelang hore li tsitsitse ebile ha ho bonolo hore li fetohe ebe li baka kotsi.

Leha ho le joalo, libaktheria tse molomong kapa li-enzyme 'meleng li ka li fetola li-nitrites,' me tsena li ka ba kotsi.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-nitrite li ka fetoha:

• nitric oxide, e leng molemo bakeng sa 'mele
• nitrosamines, e ka bang kotsi

Ho na le tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka tsena tse ka tlase.

Bahlahisi ba eketsa li-nitrite nameng ho li boloka. Ke lona lebaka le etsang hore nama e phekotsoeng e be pinki kapa e khubelu. Nama, li-nitrite li fetoha nitric oxide. Sena se itšoara ka liprotheine tse nameng, se fetola 'mala oa sona mme se thusa ho se boloka. (1).

Ntle le li-nitrite le lisebelisoa tse ling, nama e ka fetoha sootho kapele.

Nitrate le nitrites ke metsoako e nang le naetrojene le liathomo tsa oksijene. Li-nitrate li ka fetoha li-nitrite, tse ka etsang nitric oxide (e ntle) kapa nitrosamines (tse mpe).

Moo li-nitrate le li-nitrite li fumanoang

Bahlahisi ba lijo hangata ba eketsa li-nitrate le li-nitrite lijong tse ntlafalitsoeng, joalo ka bacon, ham, boroso le lintja tse chesang.

Metsoako ena e ekelitsoeng e thusa ho:

• thibela kholo ea libaktheria tse kotsi
• eketsa tatso ea letsoai
• ntlafatsa ponahalo ea nama ka ho e fa mmala o mofubelu kapa o mopinki

Ho ja haholo nama e sebetsitsoeng ho ka eketsa menyetla ea ho tšoaroa ke mofetše tšebetsong ea tšilo ea lijo. Batho ba bang ba lumela hore nitrate le nitrites ke lona lebaka la kotsi e eketsehileng (2,).

Leha ho le joalo, nitrate le nitrites le tsona li hlaha ka tlhaho meroho, e ka fokotsang kotsi ea mefuta e meng ea mofetše le mafu a mang (, 5).

Ebile, ho ea ka phuputso e 'ngoe, batho ba fumana li-nitrate tsa 80% ho tsoa meroho ().

'Mele o boetse o hlahisa li-nitrate ebe o li kenya mathe (7, 8).

Li-nitrate le li-nitrite li potoloha ho tsoa tsamaisong ea tšilo ea mali ho ea maling, ebe li kena mathe, ebe li khutlela tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo ().

Li ka u thusa ho boloka 'mele oa hau o phetse hantle, kaha li bonahala li sebetsa joalo ka lithibela-mafu tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo. Li ka thusa ho bolaea libaktheria, joalo ka Salmonella (, ).

Li ka fetoha nitric oxide (NO), molek'hule ea bohlokoa e bontšang ().

Li-nitrate le tsona li hlaha ka tlhaho ka metsing. Libakeng tse ling, tšebeliso ea manyolo e ka lebisa ho li-nitrate tse phahameng tse ka bang kotsi ho bana. Ka lebaka lena, balaoli ba tsa bophelo bo botle ba laola maemo a nitrate metsing a nooang ().

Li-nitrate li fumaneha ka bongata lijong tse sebelisitsoeng le ka bongata lijong tse phetseng hantle joalo ka meroho. Li hlaha hape metsing a nooang, 'mele oa motho le ona o hlahisa nitrate.

Kamoo nitrate e amang khatello ea mali le bophelo bo botle ba pelo kateng

Maemong a mang, nitrite e lahleheloa ke athomo ea oksijene. Ebe e fetoha nitric oxide, molek'hule ea bohlokoa.

Nitric oxide (NO) e na le mesebetsi e fapaneng 'meleng. E ka ba chefo ka bongata, empa e ka thusa ho sireletsa 'mele (14).

Habohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, ke molek'hule e bontšang. E tsamaea ka har'a marako a methapo mme e romella matšoao ho lisele tse nyane tsa mesifa tse potileng methapo, e li joetsa hore li phomole ().

Ha lisele tsena li phomola, methapo ea mali ea hlapoloha, 'me khatello ea mali ea theoha.

Nitroglycerin ke sethethefatsi se nang le nitrate. Bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba e sebelisa ho alafa ho hloleha ha pelo le maemo a mang ().

Nitroglycerin e ka thibela kapa ea fetola angina, mofuta oa bohloko ba sefuba bo hlahang ha mesifa ea pelo e sa fumane oksijene e lekaneng ka lebaka la phallo e tlase ea mali.

Li-nitrate tsa lijo le li-nitrite le tsona li ka fetoha nitric oxide, ea holisa methapo ea mali le khatello e tlase ea mali ().

Boithuto bo bontšitse hore lijo tse nang le nitrate le nitrite tse ngata, joalo ka beetroot kapa lero la beetroot, li ka fokotsa khatello ea mali. Phuputsong e le 'ngoe, khatello ea mali e theohile ho fihla ho 4-10 mm / Hg ka nako ea lihora tse' maloa (,,).

Khatello ea mali e phahameng ke ntho e ka sehloohong e bakang lefu la pelo le stroke, maemo a tloaelehileng a ka behang bophelo kotsing.

'Meleng, li-nitrites li ka fetoha nitric oxide (NO), molek'hule e bontšang matšoao a etsang hore methapo ea mali e phahame le ho fokotsa khatello ea mali.

Na naetrate e ka etsa tšebetso ea 'mele?

Boithuto bo bontša hore nitrate e ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele, haholo nakong ea boikoetliso bo matla ba mamello.

Batho ba bang hangata ba sebelisa lero la beetroot kapa lero la beetroot, hobane li na le li-nitrate tse ngata.

Lebaka la ntlafatso ena ts'ebetsong ea 'mele e kanna ea ba ka lebaka la nitrate e eketsang bokhoni ba mitochondria. Mitochondria ke likarolo tsa lisele tse hlahisang matla ().

Liphuputso tse 'maloa li bontšitse hore beetroot e ka fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa oksijene ea boikoetliso ka 5.4%, ea eketsa nako ea mokhathala ha e sebetsa ka 15%, mme ea ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ho fafatsa ka 4% (,,).

Boithuto bo bontša hore li-nitrate le li-nitrite tsa phepo li ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele, haholo nakong ea boikoetliso bo matla ba mamello.

Likotsi tsa nitrate le nitrites

Li-nitrate le li-nitrite ke metsoako ea bohlokoa, empa li ka ba kotsi ha li theha li-nitrosamine. Li-nitrosamines li ka hlaha haeba u pheha nitrate kapa nitrites ka mocheso o phahameng. (25).

Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-nitrosamine, 'me tse ngata li ka eketsa kotsi ea mofetše. (26).

Li-nitroamine ke tse ling tsa likokoana-hloko tse ka sehloohong mosing oa koae, mohlala.

Bacon, lintja tse chesang le nama e sebelisitsoeng li ka ba le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa nitrite ea sodium. Li boetse li na le protheine e ngata, e entsoeng ka li-amino acid. Ha e pepesehela mocheso o phahameng, motswako ona o etsa maemo a phethahetseng bakeng sa li-nitrosamine ho theha ().

Leha ho le joalo, ho pheha meroho ho na le monyetla o fokolang oa ho hlahisa nitrosamine. Ke ka seoelo batho ba phehang meroho ka mocheso o phahameng haholo, 'me ha e na liprotheine tse ngata.

Ha li-nitrite le li-amino acid li le teng, metsoako ea kankere e bitsoang nitrosamine e ka theha nakong ea ho pheha ka mocheso o phahameng.

Mokhoa oa ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea nitrosamine

Bahlahisi ba tlameha ho fokotsa palo ea li-nitrite tseo ba li sebelisang lijong tse sebelisitsoeng ka molao, ka lebaka la likotsi tse hlahisoang ke nitrosamine.

Ba boetse ba tlameha ho eketsa vithamine C, e thibelang sebopeho sa nitrosamine ().

Nama e phethiloeng eo u e jang kajeno e na le nitrite e nyane ho feta lilemong tse mashome a seng makae tse fetileng.

U ka fokotsa menyetla ea ho pepesetsoa nitrosamine ka ho etsa liqeto tse bohlale ha u reka lijo tse sebelisitsoeng, joalo ka bacon.

Mabenkele a mang a rekisa Bacon ea boleng e se nang nitrate. Lisebelisoa li lokela ho bonts'a hore bacon ha e na li-additives tse phahameng tse nang le nitrate.

U lokela ho sheba mangolo bakeng sa:

• Nitrate ea sodium (E251)
• sodium nitrite (E250)
• potassium nitrate (E252)
• potassium nitrite (E249)

Ho bohlokoa ho hlahloba metsoako. Mekhoa e meng ea tlhaho le ea tlhaho ea ho boloka nama, joalo ka letsoai la celery, e kanna ea ba le nitrate. Ka lebaka leo, bacon "ea mahala ea nitrate" e ka ba le nitrate ho feta bacon e tloaelehileng (29).

Ho etsa bonnete ba hore o fumana bacon e nang le nitrate e tlase, o ka leka tse latelang:

• Reka sebakeng sa heno moo ho khonehang kapa 'marakeng oa lihoai.
• Fumana mofani oa thepa ea bacon ho tsoa likolobe tse ruiloeng makhulong.
• Fry kapa pheha bacon ka mocheso o tlase nako e telele 'me u qobe ho e chesa.

Phuputso e 'ngoe ea khale e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho pheha bacon ka microwave ke tsela e molemohali ea ho fokotsa sebopeho sa nitrosamine (30).

Mona ke video e nang le litaelo tsa hore na u ka etsa sena joang.

Li-nitrate ke mofuta oa mokhoa oa ho boloka lintho, 'me bacon e nang le "nitrate" e nyane e kanna ea se tšoarelle halelele. U ka e boloka nako e teletsana ka ho e bata.

U ka fokotsa menyetla ea ho pepesetsoa nitrosamine ka ho khetha ka hloko lihlahisoa tsa nama tse sebetsitsoeng tse nang le li-additives tse tlase tse nang le nitrate.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa

Nitrate le nitrites ke metsoako e hlahang ka tlhaho 'meleng oa motho le lijong tse ling. Li boetse li kenyelletsoa lijong tse itseng tse ntlafalitsoeng ho lelefatsa bophelo ba sethalafo.

Li ka fetoha nitric oxide, tsa matlafatsa methapo ea hau ea mali le khatello e tlase ea mali. Ho feta moo, li ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea 'mele.

Ho ntse ho le joalo, lik'hemik'hale tse nang le carcinogenic li ka theoa haeba u pheha li-nitrate kapa li-nitrite mocheso o phahameng, o ka bakang bophelo bo botle.

Ka lebaka la melaoana e thata, ho na le li-nitrite tse fokolang lijong tse sebelisitsoeng kajeno, kaha baetsi ba lihlahisoa ba tlameha ho lekanyetsa chelete eo ba e sebelisang.

U ka fokotsa menyetla ea ho pepesetsoa nitrosamine ka ho ithuta ka hloko leibole ha u reka lijo tse sebelisitsoeng ho fumana sehlahisoa se nang le li-additives tse fokolang kapa tse se nang tsona.