Lithethefatsi tsa li-Antiretroviral tsa HIV: Litla-morao le ho khomarela

Litaba

• Ho khomarela
  
• Litla-morao le taolo ea lithethefatsi tsa li-antiretroviral
• Takatso ea takatso ea lijo
• Lipodystrophy
• Letšollo
• Mokhathala
• Lula u sireletsehile
  
• E phahame ho feta maemo a tloaelehileng a k'holeseterole le triglycerides
• Maemo a fetoha, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho
• Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• Moferefere
• Mathata a ho robala
• Litla-morao tse ling
• Sebetsa le sehlopha sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo

Kalafo ea mantlha ea HIV ke sehlopha sa litlhare tse bitsoang li-antiretrovirals. Meriana ena ha e phekole HIV, empa e ka fokotsa bongata ba vaerase 'meleng oa motho ea nang le HIV. Sena se boloka sesole sa 'mele se le matla ka ho lekana ho loants'a mafu.

Kajeno, meriana e fetang 40 ea li-antiretroviral e lumelloa ho phekola HIV. Boholo ba batho ba alafang HIV ea bona ba tla noa tse peli kapa ho feta tsa meriana ena letsatsi le letsatsi bophelo bohle ba bona.

Meriana ea li-antiretroviral e lokela ho nooa ka nako e nepahetseng le ka tsela e nepahetseng hore e sebetse hantle. Ho noa meriana ena ka tsela eo mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ba laetseng eona ho bitsoa ho khomarela.

Ho khomarela moralo oa kalafo ha ho bonolo kamehla. Meriana ea li-antiretroviral e ka baka litla-morao tse ka bang matla ho lekana ho etsa hore batho ba bang ba khaotse ho li noa. Empa haeba motho ea nang le HIV a tlola litekanyo tsa meriana ena, vaerase e ka qala ho ikopisa 'meleng oa hae hape. Sena se ka baka tšoaetso ea HIV khahlanong le litlhare. Haeba seo se etsahala, setlhare ha se sa tla sebetsa, 'me motho eo o tla sala le mekhoa e fokolang ea ho alafa HIV ea hae.

Bala ho ea pele ho ithuta haholoanyane ka litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi tsa li-antiretroviral, le hore na u ka li laola joang le ho khomarela moralo oa kalafo.

Ho khomarela

1. Ho khomarela ho bolela ho khomarela moralo oa kalafo.Ho bohlokoa! Haeba motho ea nang le HIV a tlola litekanyetso kapa a khaotsa ho noa kalafo ea hae, vaerase e ka ba manganga ho litlhare. Sena se ka etsa hore ho be thata kapa ho se khonehe ho phekola HIV.

Litla-morao le taolo ea lithethefatsi tsa li-antiretroviral

Lithethefatsi tsa HIV li ntlafetse ho theosa le lilemo, 'me litla-morao tse tebileng ha li bonolo ho feta kamoo li neng li le kateng. Leha ho le joalo, lithethefatsi tsa HIV li ntse li ka baka litla-morao. Tse ling li bonolo, ha tse ling li le matla le ho feta kapa li beha bophelo kotsing. Litla-morao li ka mpefala ha nako e telele e nooa.

Hoa khoneha hore meriana e meng e sebelisane le meriana ea HIV, e baka litla-morao. Maemo a mang a bophelo bo botle a ka mpefatsa litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi tsa HIV. Ka mabaka ana, ha ba qala moriana o fe kapa o fe o mocha, batho ba nang le HIV ba lokela ho joetsa mofani oa bona oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo le setsebi sa meriana ka meriana e meng kaofela, litlatsetso, kapa litlama tseo ba li noang.

Ntle le moo, haeba ho hlaha litla-morao tse ncha kapa tse sa tloaelehang, batho ba nang le HIV ba lokela ho letsetsa mofani oa bona oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Ba lokela ho etsa sena le haeba ba bile moriana nako e telele. Ho ka nka likhoeli kapa lilemo ho qala ho itšoara ka sethethefatsi.

Bakeng sa litla-morao tse tebileng, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka etsa bonnete ba hore ke meriana eseng lebaka le leng le bakang matšoao. Haeba moriana o le molato, ba ka fetisetsa kalafo ho sethethefatsi se seng sa li-antiretroviral. Leha ho le joalo, ho chencha litlhare ha ho bonolo. Ba hloka ho netefatsa hore kalafo e ncha e ntse e tla sebetsa le hore e ke ke ea baka litlamorao tse mpe le ho feta.

Litla-morao tse bobebe li ka fela hang ha 'mele o tloaela sethethefatsi. Haeba ho se joalo, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka etsa tlhahiso ea hore a fetole tsela eo sethethefatsi se nooang ka eona. Mohlala, ba ka khothaletsa ho e ja le lijo ho fapana le ho e ja ka mpeng, kapa bosiu ho fapana le hoseng. Maemong a mang, ho ka ba bonolo ho sebetsana le litlamorao ho e etsa hore e laolehe haholoanyane.

Mona ke a mang a litla-morao tse tloaelehileng ho tsoa ho litlhare tsa li-antiretroviral le malebela a ho li laola.

Takatso ea takatso ea lijo

Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tse ka e bakang:

• abacavir (Ziagen)
• zidovudine

Se ka thusang:

• Ja lijo tse nyane tse 'maloa ka letsatsi ho fapana le tse tharo tse kholo.
• Noa li-smoothies kapa u noe lisebelisoa tsa phepo ho netefatsa hore 'mele o fumana livithamini le liminerale tse lekaneng.
• Botsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo mabapi le ho ja takatso ea lijo.

Lipodystrophy

Lipodystrophy ke boemo bo etsang hore batho ba lahleheloe kapa ba be le mafura libakeng tse ling tsa 'mele. Sena se ka etsa hore batho ba bang ba ikhathatse kapa ba tšoenyehe.

Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tse ka e bakang: Motsoako oa lithethefatsi tse tsoang ho nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) le litlelase tsa protease inhibitor.

Li-NRTI li kenyelletsa:

• abacavir
• stavudine
• didanosine
• zidovudine
• lamivudine
• emtricitabine
• tenofovir

Protease inhibitors e kenyelletsa:

• atazanavir
• darunavir
• fosamprenavir
• kahare
• lopinavir
• boitumelo
• litloaelo
• letsoalo
• keletso

Se ka thusang:

• Ho ikoetlisa ho ka thusa ho fokotsa mafura a tsoang 'meleng kaofela, ho kenyeletsoa le libaka tseo mafura a hahileng ho tsona.
• Moriana o entsoang o bitsoang tesamorelin (Egrifta) o ka thusa ho fokotsa mafura a mpeng a mangata ho batho ba sebelisang lithethefatsi tsa HIV. Leha ho le joalo, ha batho ba emisa ho sebelisa tesamorelin, mafura a ka mpeng a kanna a khutla.
• Liposuction e ka tlosa mafura libakeng tseo e li bokeletseng.
• Haeba boima ba 'mele bo hlaha sefahlehong, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka fana ka leseli mabapi le liente tsa polylactic acid (New Fill, Sculptra).
• Batho ba nang le lefu la tsoekere le HIV ba ka nahana ho botsa mofani oa bona oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka ho nka metformin. Moriana ona oa lefu la tsoekere o ka thusa ho fokotsa mafura a ka mpeng a bakoang ke lipodystrophy.

Letšollo

Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tse ka e bakang:

• protease inhibitors
• nucleoside / nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
• lithibela-mafu
• delavirdine
• tlatla
• kholofelo
• mosetsi
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

Se ka thusang:

• Ja lijo tse nang le mafura, mafura, linoko tse seng kae le lebese, ho kenyeletsoa lijo tse halikiloeng le lihlahisoa tse nang le lebese.
• Ja lijo tse fokolang tse nang le fiber e ngata e sa tsoakoang, joalo ka meroho e tala, lithollo tsa lijo-thollo le linate.
• Botsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka melemo ea ho noa meriana e loantšang letšollo e kang loperamide (Imodium).

Mokhathala

Mokhathala ke litlamorao tsa kalafo ea lithethefatsi tsa HIV, empa hape ke letšoao la HIV.

Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tse ka e bakang:

• zidovudine
• efavirenz

Se ka thusang:

• Ja lijo tse matlafatsang ho eketsa matla.
• Ikoetlise hangata kamoo ho ka khonehang.
• Qoba ho tsuba le ho noa joala.
• Khomarela kemiso e behiloeng ea boroko 'me u qobe ho robala.

Lula u sireletsehile

1. Hopola, batho ba nang le HIV ba lokela ho botsa mofani oa bona oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo pele ba leka litlhahiso tsena. Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa qeto ea hore na ke khetho e bolokehileng.

E phahame ho feta maemo a tloaelehileng a k'holeseterole le triglycerides

Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tse ka e bakang:

• stavudine
• didanosine
• zidovudine
• efavirenz
• lopinavir / ritonavir
• fosamprenavir
• letsoalo
• kahare
• tipranavir / ritonavir
• elvitegravir / cobicistat

Se ka thusang:

• Qoba ho tsuba.
• Fumana boikoetliso bo eketsehileng.
• Fokotsa mafura a lijong. Bua le setsebi sa phepo e nepahetseng ka tsela e sireletsehileng ka ho fetisisa ea ho etsa sena.
• Ja litlhapi le lijo tse ling tse nang le omega-3 fatty acids e ngata. Tsena li kenyelletsa walnuts, flaxseeds le oli ea canola.
• Etsa liteko tsa mali ho lekola li-cholesterol le triglyceride hangata khafetsa kamoo mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a fanang ka maikutlo.
• Nka li-statin kapa meriana e meng e theolang k'holeseterole haeba e laetsoe ke mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Maemo a fetoha, khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho

Liphetoho tsa maikutlo, ho kenyelletsa khatello ea maikutlo le matšoenyeho, e ka ba litlamorao tsa kalafo ea lithethefatsi tsa HIV. Empa ho fetoha hoa maikutlo le hona e ka ba sesupo sa HIV.

Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tse ka e bakang:

• efavirenz (Sustiva)
• rilpivirine (Edurant, Odefsey, Complera)
• dolutegravir

Se ka thusang:

• Qoba joala le lithethefatsi tse seng molaong.
• Botsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo mabapi le tlhabollo kapa meriana e loantšang khatello ea maikutlo.

Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa

Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tse ka e bakang: Hoo e ka bang lithethefatsi tsohle tsa HIV.

Se ka thusang:

• Ja lijo tse nyane letsatsi lohle ho fapana le lijo tse tharo tse kholo.
• Ja lijo tse bland, tse kang raese e bonolo le li-crackers.
• Qoba lijo tse mafura le tse nkhang hamonate.
• Ja lijo tse batang ho fapana le tse chesang.
• Botsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka meriana ea antiemetic ho laola ho nyekeloa ke pelo.

Moferefere

Rash ke litla-morao tsa hoo e ka bang meriana e meng le e meng ea HIV. Empa ho phatloha ho hoholo hape ho ka ba sesupo sa ho itšoara hampe kapa boemo bo bong bo tebileng. Letsetsa 911 kapa u ee kamoreng ea maemo a tšohanyetso haeba u na le lekhopho le eng kapa eng ea tse latelang:

• bothata ba ho hema kapa ho koenya
• feberu
• machachetsi, haholo-holo ho potoloha molomo, nko le leihlo
• lekhopho le qalang ka potlako le ho ata

Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tse ka bakang lekhopho:

• protease inhibitors
• emtricitabine
• kholofelo
• elvitegravir / tenofovir disoproxil / emtricitabine
• non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), ho kenyeletsoa:
  • etravirine
  • rilpivirine
  • delavirdine
  • efavirenz
  • nevirapine

Se ka thusang:

• Ho nosetsa letlalo ka setlolo letsatsi le leng le le leng.
• Sebelisa metsi a pholileng kapa a foofo ho e-na le metsi a chesang liphatseng le libateng.
• Sebelisa sesepa se bonolo, se sa teneheng le sesepa sa ho hlatsoetsa.
• Apara masela a phefumolohang, joalo ka k'hothone.
• Botsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo mabapi le ho noa moriana oa antihistamine.

Mathata a ho robala

Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tse ka e bakang:

• efavirenz
• emtricitabine
• rilpivirine
• kahare
• elvitegravir / cobicistat
• dolutegravir

Se ka thusang:

• Ikoetlise khafetsa.
• Khomarela kemiso e behiloeng ea boroko 'me u qobe ho robala.
• Etsa bonnete ba hore kamore ea ho robala e loketse boroko.
• Phomola pele o robala ka ho hlapa ka mofuthu kapa ka lintho tse ling tse khutsisang.
• Qoba k'hafeine le lintho tse ling tse u hlasimollang lihoreng tse 'maloa pele u robala.
• Bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka meriana ea boroko haeba bothata bo ntse bo tsoela pele.

Litla-morao tse ling

Litla-morao tse ling tsa li-antiretroviral li ka kenyelletsa:

• hypersensitivity kapa allergic reaction, e nang le matšoao a kang feberu, ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa
• ho tsoa madi
• ho tsoa masapo
• lefu la pelo
• tsoekere e phahameng maling le lefu la tsoekere
• lactic acidosis (maemo a phahameng a lactic acid maling)
• tšenyo ea liphio, sebete kapa manyeme
• ho shoeloa ke letsoho, ho cha, kapa ho opeloa matsohong kapa maotong ka lebaka la mathata a methapo

Sebetsa le sehlopha sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo

Ho noa meriana ea HIV hantle feela joalokaha ho laetsoe ho bohlokoa hore e sebetse hantle. Haeba litla-morao li hlaha, u se ke ua emisa ho noa meriana. Sebakeng seo, bua le sehlopha sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Ba kanna ba fana ka maikutlo a mekhoa ea ho fokotsa litla-morao, kapa ba ka fokotsa leano la kalafo.

Ho ka nka nako hore batho ba nang le HIV ba fumane mokhoa o nepahetseng oa lithethefatsi. Ka tlhokomelo e hlokolosi le ho latela, bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba tla fumana melao ea li-antiretroviral e sebetsang hantle le litla-morao tse fokolang haholo.