Lithethefatsi tsa Antiemetic
Litaba
- Mefuta ea lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic
- Antiemetics bakeng sa bokuli ba ho sisinyeha
- Antiemetics bakeng sa feberu ea mala
- Antiemetics bakeng sa chemotherapy
- Antiemetics bakeng sa ho buuoa
- Antiemetics bakeng sa bokuli ba hoseng
- Litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic
- Kalafo ea tlhaho ea antiemetic
- Lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic li bolokehile bakeng sa bokhachane
- Lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic li bolokehile bakeng sa bana
- Bakeng sa ho kula ha motsamao
- Bakeng sa gastroenteritis
- Tsela
Lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic ke eng?
Lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic li laetsoe ho thusa ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa tse litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi tse ling. Sena se ka kenyelletsa litlhare tsa anesthesia tse sebelisoang nakong ea ho buuoa kapa chemotherapy bakeng sa mofets'e. Lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic le tsona li sebelisetsoa ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa tse bakoang ke:
- ho kula ha motsamao
- bokuli ba hoseng nakong ea bokhachane
- Maemo a matla a feberu ea mala (gastroenteritis)
- mafu a mang
Lithethefatsi tsena li sebetsa ka ho kena-kenana le li-receptor tsa neurotransmitter tse amehang ho hlatseng. Li-neurotransmitters ke lisele tse amohelang lipontšo ho romella tšusumetso ea methapo. Litsela tse laolang liphetoho tsena tsa 'mele li rarahane. Mofuta oa sethethefatsi se antiemetic se sebelisitsoeng se tla ipapisa le sesosa.
Mefuta ea lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic
Lithethefatsi tse ling tsa antiemetic li nooa ka molomo. Tse ling li fumaneha joalo ka ente kapa joalo ka setsiba se behiloeng 'meleng oa hau hore o se ke oa koenya letho. Mofuta oa moriana oa antiemetic oo u lokelang ho o nka o ipapisitse le se bakang matšoao a hau:
Antiemetics bakeng sa bokuli ba ho sisinyeha
Li-antihistamine tse thibelang ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa tse bakoang ke ho kula hoa sisinyeha lia fumaneha khaontareng (OTC). Li sebetsa ka ho boloka tsebe ea hau e ka hare hore e se ke ea sisinyeha ka botlalo mme e kenyelletsa:
- dimenhydrinate (Dramamine, Gravol)
- meclizine (Dramamine e sa Otsele, Bonine)
Antiemetics bakeng sa feberu ea mala
Lefu la mala, kapa gastroenteritis, le bakoa ke vaerase kapa libaktheria. Moriana oa OTC oa bismuth-subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) o sebetsa ka ho koahela mpa ea hao. U ka leka OTC tsoekere, fructose, kapa phosphoric acid (Emetrol).
Antiemetics bakeng sa chemotherapy
Ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa ke karolo e tloaelehileng ea kalafo ea chemotherapy. Lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic li sebelisoa pele le kamora chemotherapy ho thibela matšoao.
Mefuta e meng ea kalafo ea ngaka e kenyelletsa:
- Bahanyetsi ba serotonin 5-HT3: dolasetron (Anzemet), granisetron (Kytril, Sancuso), ondansetron (Zofran, Zuplenz), palonosetron (Aloxi)
- Bahanyetsi ba dopamine: prochlorperazine (Compazine), domperidone (Motilium, ha e fumanehe US), olanzapine (Zyprexa)
- Bahanyetsi ba NK1 ba amohelang: aprepitant (Emend), rolapitant (Varubi)
- li-corticosteroids: dexamethasone (DexPak)
- li-cannabinoids: hanf (matekoane a bongaka), dronabinol (Marinol)
Antiemetics bakeng sa ho buuoa
Ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa ka mor'a ho sebetsa ho ka bakoa ke anesthesia e sebelisoang nakong ea opereishene. Lithethefatsi tsa ngaka tse sebelisetsoang ho phekola PONV li kenyelletsa:
- Bahanyetsi ba serotonin 5-HT3: dolasetron, granisetron, e-fetotsoeng
- Bahanyetsi ba dopamine: metoclopramide (Reglan), lerotholi (Inapsine), domperidone
- li-corticosteroids: dexamethasone
Antiemetics bakeng sa bokuli ba hoseng
Ho kula ha hoseng ho atile nakong ea bokhachane. Leha ho le joalo, hangata lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic ha li fanoe ntle leha li le matla.
Hyperemesis gravidarum ke bothata ba bokhachane bo bakang ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa. Haeba u na le boemo bona, ngaka ea hau e ka u fa:
- li-antihistamine, tse kang dimenhydrinate
- vithamine B-6 (pyridoxine)
- Bahanyetsi ba dopamine, joalo ka prochlorperazine, promethazine (Pentazine, Phenergan)
- metoclopramide haeba mekhoa e meng ea phekolo e sa sebetse
Litla-morao tsa lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic
Litla-morao li ipapisitse le mofuta oa sethethefatsi sa antiemetic seo u se nkang:
- bismuth-subsalicylate: leleme le lefifi, litulo tse bosootho bo botšo
- li-antihistamine: Ho otsela, molomo o omileng
- Bahanyetsi ba dopamine: molomo o omileng, mokhathala, ho patoa, li-tinnitus, ho hlaseloa ke mesifa, ho se phomole
- li-neuroninin receptor agonists: fokotseha ho ntša metsi, molomo omileng,
- Bahanyetsi ba serotonin 5-HT3: pipitlelano, molomo o omileng, mokhathala
- li-corticosteroids: indigestion, makhopho, ho eketsa takatso ea lijo le lenyora
- li-cannabinoids: liphetoho ponong, ho tsekela
Haeba u e-na le tse ling tsa tse latelang, ikopanye le ngaka ea hau:
- ho mpefala ha ho nyekeloa kapa ho hlatsa
- ho sithabela haholo
- bofokoli ba mesifa
- ho tsitsinyeha
- ho hloka kutlo
- ho otla ha pelo kapele
- ho otsela haholo
- puo e sa hlakang
- matšoao a kelello, joalo ka lipono kapa pherekano
Kalafo ea tlhaho ea antiemetic
Se-antiemetic sa tlhaho se tsebahalang haholo ke ginger (Zingiber officinale). Khemere e na le bahanyetsi ba 5-HT3 ba tsejoang ka hore ke li-gingerol. Liphuputso tsa bongaka li bontša hore ginger e ka sebetsa hantle ho phekoleng ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa. Ginger e ncha e kenang ka metsing a chesang ho etsa tee, kapa leka ginger e tsoekere, li-biscuits tsa ginger kapa ginger ale.
Aromatherapy e nang le peppermint oli ea bohlokoa e kanna ea ba mokhoa oa ho hlola ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa. Leka ho tšela marotholi a mabeli ka morao molaleng oa hau le ho hema haholo.
Cannabis le eona e bonts'itsoe e le. Hona joale e fumaneha ka molao liprofinseng tse ngata, empa e ka nkuoa e le sethethefatsi se seng molaong ho ba bang.
Lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic li bolokehile bakeng sa bokhachane
Lithethefatsi tse tsamaeang le mafu a kang meclizine le dimenhydrinate li bolokehile bakeng sa bakhachane. Ho fumanoe bahanyetsi ba vithamine B-6 le dopamine ba bolokehile, empa ba sebelisoa feela maemong a boima a bokuli ba hoseng.
Cannabis kapa matekoane ha li bolokehe ho sebelisoa nakong ea bokhachane. Lithethefatsi li hokahantsoe le boima bo tlase ba tsoalo le kotsi e eketsehileng ea mathata a boko le boits'oaro ho bana. Pepto-Bismol le eona ha e khothalletsoe.
Lithethefatsi tsa antiemetic li bolokehile bakeng sa bana
Kamehla ke mohopolo o motle ho buisana le ngaka pele o fa bana meriana.
Bakeng sa ho kula ha motsamao
Dimenhydrinate le diphenhydramine (Benadryl) li ka sebelisoa ho phekola ho nyekeloa ke pelo ho bana ba fetang lilemo tse 2, empa etsa bonnete ba hore u latela litaelo tsa litekanyetso.
Bakeng sa gastroenteritis
Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li fumane hore ondansetron e kanna ea bolokeha hape ea sebetsa ho bana ba nang le bothata bo matla ba gastroenteritis.
Promethazine ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ke masea kapa bana ba banyenyane. U se ke ua fa bismuth-subsalicylate ho bana ba lilemo li 12 kapa ho feta.
Tsela
Ho na le meriana e mengata ea antiemetic ea ho phekola ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho hlatsa, empa sethethefatsi seo u lokelang ho se leka se ipapisitse le se bakang matšoao a hau. Etsa bonnete ba hore u bala mangolo ka hloko kapa u latela litaelo tsa ngaka ea hau. Bakeng sa maemo a bobebe a ho nyekeloa ke pelo kapa ho hlatsa, leka kalafo ea litlama joaloka ginger.