Sengoli: Randy Alexander
Letsatsi La Creation: 27 April 2021
Ntlafatsa Letsatsi: 15 November 2024
Anonim
Pharmacology - CHOLINERGIC DRUGS (MADE EASY)
Video: Pharmacology - CHOLINERGIC DRUGS (MADE EASY)

Litaba

Mabapi le anticholinergics

Anticholinergics ke lithethefatsi tse thibelang ketso ea. Acetylcholine ke methapo ea kutlo, kapa len aosa la lik'hemik'hale. E fetisetsa lipontšo lipakeng tsa lisele tse itseng ho ama tsela eo 'mele oa hau o sebetsang ka eona.

Anticholinergics e ka sebetsana le maemo a fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa:

  • ho se itshoare
  • senya e feteletseng (OAB)
  • lefu le sa foleng la pulmonary pulmonary (COPD)
  • mefuta e itseng ea chefo

Li boetse li thusa ho thibela ho sisinyeha ha mesifa ho sa amaneng le mafu a itseng a kang lefu la Parkinson. Ka linako tse ling, li sebelisoa pele ho opereishene ho thusa ho boloka ts'ebetso ea 'mele ha motho a ntse a phekoloa ka anesthesia.

Bala ho bala bakeng sa:

  • lethathamo la lithethefatsi tse thibelang likokoana-hloko
  • leseli mabapi le hore na ba sebetsa joang
  • seo u lokelang ho se tseba ka likotsi tsa bona le litla-morao

Lethathamo la li-anticholinergics

Li-anticholinergics li fumaneha feela ka lengolo la ngaka. Mehlala ea lithethefatsi tsena e kenyelletsa:


  • atropine (Atropen)
  • belladonna alkaloids
  • benztropine mesylate (Cogentin)
  • clidinium
  • cyclopentolate (Cyclogyl)
  • darifenacin (Enablex)
  • dicylomine
  • fesoterodine (Toviaz)
  • flavoxate (Urispas)
  • glycopyrrolate
  • hydrobromide ea lapeng
  • hyoscyamine (Levsinex)
  • ipratropium (Atrovent)
  • orphenadrine
  • oxybutynin (Ditropan XL)
  • propantheline (Pro-banthine)
  • scopolamine
  • methscopolamine
  • solifenacin (VESIcare)
  • tiotropium (Spiriva)
  • tolterodine (Tlosa)
  • lleboidile
  • trospium

Le ha e khethiloe e le antihistamine e lokelang ho nkoa bakeng sa ho kula 'me e le thuso ea boroko, diphenhydramine (Benadryl) le eona e na le litlamorao tsa anticholinergic.

E 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea lithethefatsi ena e sebetsana le maemo a itseng. Ngaka ea hau e tla khetha moriana o motle bakeng sa boemo ba hau.

NA U NE U TSEBA?

Mefuta e meng ea li-anticholinergics e tsoa limeleng tsa lelapa le bolaeang la nightshade le bitsoang Solanaceae. Ho chesa metso, kutu le peo ea limela tsena ho ntša li-anticholinergics.Ho hema mosi ho sebelisitsoe lilemo tse makholo ho phekola mafu a sitisang moea.


Li-anticholinergics li sebetsa joang

Anticholinergics e thibela acetylcholine hore e se ke ea tlamelloa ho li-receptor tsa eona liseleng tse ling tsa methapo. Li thibela liketso tse bitsoang tšusumetso ea methapo ea kutlo.

Ts'oaetso ena ea methapo e ikarabella bakeng sa ho sisinyeha ha mesifa ka boithaopo ho:

  • pampitšana ea meno
  • matšoafo
  • mosese
  • dikarolo tse ding tsa mmele wa hao

Litakatso tsa methapo li thusa ho laola mesebetsi e kang:

  • mathe
  • tshilo ya dijo
  • ho rota
  • Ho boloka mamina

Ho thibela matšoao a acetylcholine ho ka fokotseha:

  • motsamao wa mesifa o sa ithaopeleng
  • tshilo ya dijo
  • Ho boloka mamina

Ke ka hona lithethefatsi tsena li ka bakang litla-morao tse ling, tse kang:

  • ho boloka moroto
  • ho ba le molomo o ommeng

Sebelisa

Li-anticholinergics li sebelisoa ho phekola maemo a fapaneng. Tsena li kenyelletsa:

  • lefu le sa foleng la pulmonary pulmonary (COPD)
  • senya ka ho feteletseng le ho hloka taolo
  • mathata a mala, joalo ka lets'ollo
  • asma
  • ho tsekela le ho kula ha motsamao
  • chefo e bakoang ke chefo e kang organophosphates kapa muscarine, e ka fumanoang likokoanyana tse bolaeang likokoanyana le li-mushroom tse chefo
  • matšoao a lefu la Parkinson, joalo ka motsamao o sa tloaelehang oa mesifa o sa ikhetheng

Anticholinergics e ka sebelisoa joalo ka mesifa e khathollang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea opereishene ho thusa ka anesthesia. Ba thusa:


  • boloka ho otla ha pelo ho tloaelehile
  • phutholoha motho
  • fokotsa liphiri tse tsoang mathe

Lingaka tse ling li fana ka li-anticholinergics bakeng sa tšebeliso ea li-label ho thusa ho fokotsa ho fufuleloa ho feteletseng. Li-anticholinergics tse sebelisitsoeng haholo kalafo ena ke:

  • tranelate ea glycopyrrolate
  • matlapa a molomo oa oxybutynin

Litemoso

Joalo ka lithethefatsi tse ngata, li-anticholinergics li tla le litemoso tse 'maloa.

Ho tepella ha mocheso le mocheso oa mocheso

Anticholinergics e fokotsa hore na u fufuleloa hakae, e leng se ka etsang hore mocheso oa 'mele oa hao o phahame. Ha u ntse u noa e 'ngoe ea lithethefatsi tsena, e-ba hlokolosi haholo hore u se ke ua chesa haholo nakong ea:

  • boikoetliso
  • libate tse chesang
  • boemo ba leholimo bo chesang

Ho fokotseha ha mofufutso ho ka u beha kotsing ea ho chesoa ke mocheso.

Ho feta tekano le joala

Ho sebelisa moriana o mongata haholo ho ka fella ka ho akheha kapa hona ho shoa. Litholoana tsena li ka etsahala haeba u noa li-anticholinergics ka joala. Matšoao a ho feta tekano a kenyelletsa:

  • ho tsekela
  • ho otsela haholo
  • feberu
  • lipono tse matla
  • pherekano
  • ho hema ka thata
  • bohlasoa le puo e sa tsitsang
  • ho otla ha pelo kapele
  • ho hohola le ho futhumala ha letlalo

Haeba u nahana hore uena kapa motho e mong eo u mo tsebang o nkile sethethefatsi sena haholo, letsetsa ngaka kapa u batle tataiso ho American Association of Poison Control Center ho 1-800-222-1222 kapa ka sesebelisoa sa bona sa inthanete.

Haeba matšoao a hau a le matla, letsetsa 911 kapa u ee kamoreng e haufi ea maemo a tšohanyetso hang hang.

Maemo a thulanang

Anticholinergics e ka sebelisoa ho phekola maemo a mangata, empa ha se ea motho e mong le e mong. Mohlala, hangata litlhare tsena ha li laeloe batho ba baholo.

Li-anticholinergics li tsejoa li baka pherekano, tahlehelo ea mohopolo le ho mpefatsa ts'ebetso ea kelello ho batho ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 65. Ebile, tsa morao tjena li hokahantse tšebeliso ea li-anticholinergics le kotsi e kholo ea 'dementia'.

Hape, batho ba nang le maemo a latelang ha baa lokela ho sebelisa anticholinergics:

  • myasthenia gravis
  • hyperthyroidism
  • glaucoma
  • prostate e atolositsoeng
  • khatello ea kelello (khatello e phahameng ea mali)
  • Thibelo ea mosese
  • lebelo la pelo le eketsehileng (tachycardia)
  • ho hloleha ha pelo
  • molomo o ommeng haholo
  • hernia e tsoaloang
  • ho sithabela haholo
  • lefu la sebete
  • Down syndrome

Bolella ngaka ea hau haeba u na le efe kapa efe ea maemo ana. Hape, bolella ngaka ea hau haeba u na le nalane ea ho hanana le li-anticholinergics.

QOBA HO SEBELISA HO BAHOLO

American Geriatrics Society e khothaletsa ka matla ho qoba tšebeliso ea litlhare tsa anticholinergic ho batho ba baholo. Lebaka ke hore batho ba baholo ba ka ba le litla-morao tse sa batleheng ho feta bacha.

Litla-morao

Le ha o sebelisa sethethefatsi sena hantle, litla-morao li ka etsahala. Litla-morao tse ka bang teng tsa anticholinergics li ipapisitse le moriana le tekanyetso eo u e nkang.

Litla-morao li ka kenyelletsa:

  • molomo o omileng
  • pono e lerootho
  • pipitlelano
  • Ho otsela
  • sedation
  • lipono
  • mathata a ho hopola
  • bothata ba ho ntša metsi
  • pherekano
  • delirium
  • ho fufuleloa
  • fokotseha mathe
TEMOSO TEMOSO

ea li-anticholinergics, hammoho le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsena ho, e hokahantsoe le kotsi e kholo ea 'dementia'. Haeba u laetsoe e 'ngoe ea lithethefatsi tsena' me u tšoenyehile ka kotsi ena, etsa bonnete ba hore u bua le ngaka ea hau.

Bua le ngaka ea hau

Anticholinergics e ka sebelisoa ho phekola maemo a fapaneng. Haeba u nahana hore e 'ngoe ea lithethefatsi tsena e ka u thusa, bua le ngaka ea hau.

Ngaka ea hau e ka tseba hore na kalafo e nang le anticholinergic e ka ba khetho e ntle ho uena. Ba ka araba lipotso life kapa life tseo u nang le tsona ka:

  • likotsi
  • litla-morao
  • seo u ka se lebellang ka kalafo

Ntlha ea bohlokoa

Lithethefatsi tsa anticholinergic li thibela tšebetso ea neurotransmitter e bitsoang acetylcholine. Sena se thibela tšusumetso ea methapo e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho sisinyeha ha mesifa le mesebetsi e fapaneng ea 'mele.

Lithethefatsi tsena li ka alafa maemo a fapaneng, ho tloha senya e fetang tekano ho ea ho boloetse bo sa foleng ba tšenyo ea methapo.

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