Ho hlahlojoa ka bophelo bo botle bakeng sa banna ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64

U lokela ho etela mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo khafetsa, leha o ikutloa o phetse hantle. Morero oa maeto ana ke ho:

• Screen bakeng sa litaba tsa bongaka
• Lekola kotsi ea hau ea mathata a bongaka a kamoso
• Khothaletsa mokhoa oa bophelo o phetseng hantle
• Nchafatsa liente
• Ho u thusa ho tseba mofani oa hau haeba ho ka etsahala hore u kule

Le ha o ikutloa o phetse hantle, o ntse o lokela ho bona mofani oa hau bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa khafetsa. Liketelo tsena li ka u thusa ho qoba mathata nakong e tlang. Mohlala, tsela feela ea ho tseba hore na o na le khatello e phahameng ea mali ke ho e hlahloba khafetsa. Tsoekere e phahameng maling le cholesterol e phahameng le eona e kanna ea se be le matšoao matsatsing a pele. Liteko tse bonolo tsa mali li ka lekola maemo ana.

Ho na le linako tse ikhethang tseo u lokelang ho bona mofani oa hau oa litšebeletso. Ka tlase ke litataiso tsa tlhahlobo ea banna ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64.

LITLHAKISO TSA MALI

• Etsa hore khatello ea mali ea hau e hlahlojoe bonyane hanngoe ka mor'a lilemo tse peli. Haeba nomoro e holimo (systolic number) e tsoa ho 120 ho isa ho 139 mm Hg, kapa palo e tlase (diastolic number) e tsoa ho 80 ho isa ho 89 mm Hg, o lokela ho e hlahloba selemo se seng le se seng.
• Haeba nomoro e holimo e le 130 kapa ho feta kapa ea tlase e le 80 kapa ho feta, hlophisa kopano le mofani oa hau ho ithuta hore na u ka fokotsa khatello ea mali joang.
• Haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere, lefu la pelo, mathata a liphio, kapa maemo a mang, ho ka hlokahala hore u hlahlojoe khatello ea mali khafetsa, empa bonyane hang ka selemo.
• Sheba tlhahlobo ea khatello ea mali sebakeng sa heno. Botsa mofani oa hau hore na u ka emisa ho hlahloba khatello ea mali ea hau.

HO SIRELETSA CHOLESTEROL LE HO Thibela Mafu a Pelo

• Ho khothalletsoa lilemo tsa ho qala tlhahlobo ea k'holeseterole ke lilemo tse 35 bakeng sa banna ba se nang lisosa tsa kotsi tsa lefu la pelo.
• Hang ha tlhahlobo ea k'holeseterole e se e qalile, k'holeseterole ea hau e lokela ho hlahlojoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5.
• Pheta liteko kapele ho feta kamoo ho hlokehang haeba ho na le liphetoho tseleng eo u phelang ka eona (ho kenyeletsoa le boima le boima ba 'mele).
• Haeba u na le k'holeseterole e phahameng, lefu la tsoekere, lefu la pelo, mathata a liphio, kapa maemo a mang, ho ka 'na ha hlokahala hore u hlahlojoe khafetsa.

LITLHAKISO TSA KHANSA KOLORE

Haeba u ka tlase ho lilemo tse 50, bua le mofani oa hau mabapi le ho hlahlojoa. U lokela ho hlahlojoa haeba u na le nalane e matla ea lelapa ea mofets'e oa colon kapa li-polyps. Ho hlahlojoa le hona ho ka nahanoa haeba u na le mabaka a kotsi a kang nalane ea mafu a ho ruruha kapa li-polyps.

Haeba u le lilemo li 50 ho isa ho 75, u lokela ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa mofetše o sa tloaelehang. Ho na le liteko tse 'maloa tsa ho hlahloba tse fumanehang:

• Teko ea boloi ea mali a boloi (setuloana) e etsoang selemo se seng le se seng
• Teko ea mafura ea immunochemical (FIT) selemo se seng le se seng
• Teko ea DNA ea setulo lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo
• Sigmoidoscopy e tenyetsehang lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5
• Bema enema ea barium habeli lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5
• CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5
• Colonoscopy lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10

U kanna ua hloka colonoscopy khafetsa haeba u na le lisosa tsa kotsi tsa mofets'e oa 'mala o kang:

• Ho ruruha ha lefu la ulcerative
• Pale ea motho ka mong kapa ea lelapa ea mofets'e o sa tloaelehang
• Nalane ea kholo e bitsoang adenomatous polyps

TLHAHLO YA MENO

• E-ea ho ngaka ea meno hang kapa habeli selemo se seng le se seng bakeng sa tlhahlobo le tlhoekiso. Ngaka ea meno ea hau e tla hlahloba haeba u hloka ho eteloa khafetsa.
  

HO HLOKA LEFU LA SETSOANE

• Haeba u ka holimo ho lilemo tse 44, u lokela ho hlahlojoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo.
• Ho ba le BMI ho feta 25 ho bolela hore o nonne haholo. Haeba o nonne haholo, botsa mofani oa hau hore na o lokela ho hlahlojoa o le monyane. Ma-Amerika a Asia a lokela ho hlahlojoa haeba BMI ea bona e feta 23.
• Haeba khatello ea mali e kaholimo ho 130/80 mm Hg, kapa o na le mabaka a mang a kotsi a lefu la tsoekere, mofani oa hau a ka leka boemo ba tsoekere ea mali ea lefu la tsoekere.

TEKO YA LEIHLO

• Etsa tlhahlobo ea mahlo lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli ho isa ho tse 4 ho tloha ho lilemo tse 40 ho isa ho tse 54 le lilemo tse 1 ho isa ho tse 3 tsa lilemo tse 55 ho isa ho tse 64. Mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa litlhahlobo tsa mahlo khafetsa haeba o na le mathata a pono kapa kotsi ea glaucoma.
• Etsa tlhahlobo ea mahlo bonyane selemo se seng le se seng haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere.

LIEKETSO LIPOLELO

• U lokela ho tšoaroa ke ntaramane selemo se seng le se seng.
• Botsa mofani oa hau hore na u ka fumana ente e le ho fokotsa kotsi ea ts'oaetso ea pneumococcal (e baka mofuta oa pneumonia).
• U lokela ho ba le ente ea tetanus-diphtheria le acellular pertussis (Tap) hang e le karolo ea liente tsa hau tsa tetanus-diphtheria haeba u sa ka ua li fumana pejana u le lilemong tsa bocha. U lokela ho ba le tetanus-diphtheria booster lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10.
• U ka fumana ente ea shingles kapa herpes zoster pele kapa kamora lilemo tse 50.
• Mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa liente tse ling haeba u le kotsing e kholo ea maemo a itseng.

HO HLOKAHALA MAFU

• US Preventive Services Task Force e khothaletsa ho hlahlojoa ha lefu la sebete la mofuta oa C.
• Ho ipapisitse le mokhoa oa hau oa bophelo le nalane ea bongaka, u kanna oa hloka ho hlahlojoa mafu a kang syphilis, chlamydia, HIV le mafu a mang.

LEKHOTLA LEKHOLA LEKHOTLA

U lokela ho ba le tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo bakeng sa mofetše oa matšoafo o nang le tekanyetso e tlase ea computed tomography (LDCT) haeba:

• U lilemo tse fetang 55 LE
• U na le nalane ea lilemo tse 30 tsa ho tsuba le
• Ha joale u ntse u tsuba kapa u tlohetse nakong ea lilemo tse 15 tse fetileng

HO HLAHLOBELA LEFUPA

• Haeba u le lilemo li 50 ho isa ho tse 70 'me u na le lisosa tsa kotsi ea lefu la masapo, u lokela ho buisana ka mofani oa litšebeletso tsa tlhahlobo ea mafu.
• Lisosa tsa kotsi li ka kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso ea steroid ea nako e telele, boima ba 'mele bo tlase, ho tsuba, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala, ho robeha kamora ho ba le lilemo tse 50, kapa nalane ea lelapa ea lefu la masapo.

TLHALOSO YA NAMA

• Khatello ea mali ea hau e lokela ho hlahlojoa bonyane selemo se seng le se seng.
• Mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa ho hlahloba k'holeseterole ea hau lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5 haeba u na le mabaka a kotsi a lefu la pelo.
  
• Bophahamo ba hao, boima ba 'mele le boima ba' mele index ea hau (BMI) li lokela ho hlahlojoa litekong tsohle.

Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea hau, mofani oa hau a ka u botsa ka:

• Ho tepella maikutlo
• Lijo le boikoetliso
• Tšebeliso ea joala le koae
• Polokeho, joalo ka ts'ebeliso ea mabanta a setulo le li-detectors tsa mosi

LITLHAKU TSE KHOLO TSE KHOLO

Haeba u le lilemo li 55 ho isa ho tse 69, pele u etsa tlhahlobo, buisana le mofani oa hau ka melemo le mathata a ho ba le tlhahlobo ea PSA. Botsa ka:

• Hore na ho hlahloba ho fokotsa menyetla ea hau ea ho bolaoa ke mofetše oa tšoelesa ea senya.
  
• Hore na ho na le kotsi efe kapa efe e tsoang ho hlahlobeng mofets'e oa tšoelesa ea senya, joalo ka litla-morao tsa tlhahlobo ea kankere kapa kalafo ea kankere ha e sibolloa.
  
• Hore na o na le kotsi e kholo ea mofets'e oa senya ho feta ba bang.

Haeba u le lilemo li 55 kapa ho feta, ha ho khothalletsoe ho hlahloba hangata. U lokela ho bua le mofani oa hau mabapi le haeba u na le kotsi e kholo ea mofetše oa senya. Mabaka a kotsi a kenyelletsa:

• Ho ba le nalane ea lelapa ea mofetše oa senya (haholoholo moena kapa ntate)
  
• Ho ba African American
• Haeba u khetha ho hlahlojoa, tlhahlobo ea mali ea PSA e phetoa nako le nako (selemo le selemo kapa hangata), leha ho sa tsejoe maqhubu a matle ka ho fetesisa.
  
• Litlhahlobo tsa prostate ha li sa etsoa khafetsa ho banna ba se nang matšoao.

SEHLOOHO TEKO

• Mofani oa hau a ka hlahloba letlalo la hau bakeng sa matšoao a mofets'e oa letlalo, haholo haeba o le kotsing e kholo. Batho ba kotsing e kholo ba kenyelletsa ba kileng ba tšoaroa ke mofetše oa letlalo pele, ba na le beng ka bona ba haufi ba nang le mofetše oa letlalo kapa ba nang le boits'ireletso ba mmele bo fokolang.
  

TLHATSO MOLEKO

• US Prestive Services Task Force (USPSTF) joale e khothaletsa khahlano le ho itlhahloba testicular. Ho etsa tlhahlobo ea hau ea testicular ho bonts'itsoe hore ha ho na molemo oa letho.

Ketelo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle - banna - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64; Tlhahlobo ea 'mele - banna - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64; Tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo - banna - lilemo tse 40 ho isa ho 64; Ho hlahlojoa - banna - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64; Bophelo ba banna - lilemo tse 40 ho isa ho tse 64; Tlhokomelo ea thibelo - banna - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64

• Kankere ea senya
• Lefu la ho fokola ha masapo
• Liphello tsa botsofali khatello ea mali
• Teko ea mali a boloi ba boloi

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