Khatello ea mali e phahameng ho masea

Khatello ea mali e phahameng (hypertension) ke keketseho ea matla a mali khahlano le methapo ea mmele. Sengoliloeng sena se shebile khatello ea mali e phahameng ho masea.

Khatello ea mali e lekanya hore na pelo e sebetsa ka thata hakae, le hore methapo ea mali e phetse hantle hakae. Ho na le linomoro tse peli litekanyong ka 'ngoe tsa khatello ea mali:

• Nomoro ea pele (holimo) ke khatello ea mali ea systolic, e lekanyang matla a mali a lokolloang ha pelo e otla.
• Nomoro ea bobeli (tlase) ke khatello ea diastolic, e lekanyang khatello ea methapo ea pelo ha pelo e phomotse.

Litekanyo tsa khatello ea mali li ngotsoe ka tsela ena: 120/80. E le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa lipalo tsena li ka ba holimo haholo.

Lintho tse 'maloa li ama khatello ea mali, ho kenyelletsa:

• Lihomone
• Bophelo bo botle ba pelo le methapo ea mali
• Bophelo bo botle ba liphio

Khatello ea mali e phahameng ho masea e ka ba ka lebaka la liphio kapa lefu la pelo le teng nakong ea tsoalo (congenital). Mehlala e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa:

• Ho arohana ha aorta (ho fokotsa mokelikeli o moholo oa mali oa pelo o bitsoang aorta)
• Patent ductus arteriosus (methapo ea mali pakeng tsa aorta le methapo ea pulmonary e lokelang ho koaloa ka mor'a ho tsoaloa, empa e lula e butsoe)
• Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (boemo ba matšoafo bo amang masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa a ka behoang mochini oa ho hema kamora ho hlaha kapa a hlaha kapele haholo)
• Lefu la liphio le amanang le lisele tsa liphio
• Renal artery stenosis (ho fokotsa methapo e kholo ea mali ea liphio)

Ho masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa, khatello e phahameng ea mali hangata e bakoa ke ho koaloa ha mali ka har'a methapo ea mali ea liphio, bothata ba ho ba le catheter ea mothapo oa mothapo.

Lisosa tse ling tsa khatello e phahameng ea mali ho masea li ka kenyelletsa:

• Meriana e itseng
• Ho ipeha kotsing ea lithethefatsi tse seng molaong joalo ka cocaine
• Lihlahala tse ling
• Maemo a futsitsoeng (mathata a hlahang ka malapeng)
• Mathata a qoqotho

Khatello ea mali e phahama ha lesea le ntse le hola. Khatello ea mali e tloaelehileng ho lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa ke 64/41. Khatello ea mali e tloaelehileng ho ngoana khoeling e le 'ngoe ho isa ho ea lilemo tse peli ke 95/58. Ho tloaelehile hore lipalo tsena li fapane.

Boholo ba masea a nang le khatello e phahameng ea mali a ke ke a ba le matšoao. Sebakeng seo, matšoao a ka amana le boemo bo bakang khatello e phahameng ea mali. Matšoao ana a kenyeletsa:

• Letlalo le leputsoa
• Ho hloleha ho hola le ho nona
• Ho tšoaetsoa khafetsa ha methapo ea ho ntša metsi
• Letlalo le letšo (pallor)
• Ho hema ka potlako

Matšoao a ka hlahang haeba lesea le na le khatello e phahameng ea mali a kenyelletsa:

• Ho teneha
• Ho oa
• Ho hema ka thata
• Ho hlatsa

Maemong a mangata, lets'oao feela la khatello e phahameng ea mali ke ho lekanya khatello ea mali ka boyona.

Matšoao a khatello e phahameng ea mali a kenyelletsa:

• Ho hloleha ha pelo
• Ho hloleha ha liphio
• Pelo e potlakileng

Khatello ea mali ho masea e lekanyetsoa ka sesebelisoa se iketsang.

Haeba coarctation ea aorta ke eona sesosa, ho ka ba le ho fokotseha ha methapo kapa khatello ea mali maotong. Ho ka utluoa konopo ha bicuspid aortic valve e etsahala le ho koalla.

Liteko tse ling ho masea a nang le khatello e phahameng ea mali li tla leka ho fumana sesosa sa bothata. Liteko tse joalo li ka kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa laboratori, ho kenyeletsoa liteko tsa mali le moroto
• X-ray ea sefuba kapa mpa
• Li-ultrasound, ho kenyelletsa le ultrasound ea pelo e sebetsang (echocardiogram) le ea liphio
• MRI ea methapo ea mali
• Mofuta o khethehileng oa x-ray o sebelisang dae ho sheba methapo ea mali (angiography)

Kalafo e ipapisitse le sesosa sa khatello e phahameng ea mali leseeng. Kalafo e ka kenyelletsa:

• Dialysis ho phekola ho hloleha ha liphio
• Meriana ea ho theola khatello ea mali kapa e thusang pelo ho pompa hantle
• Ho buoa (ho kenyeletsoa ho buuoa ka transplanting kapa ho lokisa coarctation)

Hore na lesea le sebetsa hantle hakae ho latela sesosa sa khatello e phahameng ea mali le lintlha tse ling tse kang:

• Mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle ho lesea
• Hore na tšenyo (joalo ka tšenyo ea liphio) e etsahetse ka lebaka la khatello e phahameng ea mali

Ha e sa alafshoa, khatello e phahameng ea mali e ka lebisa ho:

• Ho hloleha ha pelo kapa liphio
• Tšenyo ea 'mele
• Ho oa

Bitsa mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba ngoana oa hau:

• E hloleha ho hola le ho nona
• E na le letlalo le boputsoa
• E na le tšoaetso ea khafetsa ea mosese
• E bonahala e teneha feela
• Lithaere habonolo

Isa ngoana oa hau lefapheng la maemo a tšohanyetso haeba lesea la hau:

• O na le sethoathoa
• Ha e arabe
• E hlatsa kamehla

Lisosa tse ling tsa khatello e phahameng ea mali li matha ka malapeng. Bua le mofani oa hau pele u ima haeba u na le nalane ea lelapa ea:

• Lefu la pelo ea Congenital
• Khatello ea mali e phahameng
• Lefu la liphio

Hape bua le mofani oa hau pele u ima haeba u noa moriana bakeng sa bothata ba bophelo bo botle. Ho pepesehela lithethefatsi tse itseng ka pōpelong ho ka eketsa kotsi ea ngoana oa hau ea ho ba le mathata a ka lebisang khatello e phahameng ea mali.

Hypertension - masea

• Catheter ea mahlaseli
• Ho kopana ha aorta

Flynn JT. Matšoao a khatello ea kelello ea Neonatal. Ka: Gleason CA, Juul SE, lingoliloeng. Mafu a Avery a lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 93.

Macumber IR, Flynn JT. Sesebelisoa sa khatello ea mali. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 472.

Sinha MD, Reid C. Ts'ebetso ea khatello ea kelello ea 'mele. Ka: Wernovsky G, Anderson RH, Kumar K, et al, eds. Cardiology ea bana ea Anderson. La 4 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 60.