Lesale la vascular

Lesale la vascular ke sebopeho se sa tloaelehang sa aorta, mothapo o moholo o tsamaisang mali ho tloha pelong ho a isa 'meleng oohle. Ke bothata ba tlhaho, bo bolelang hore bo teng nakong ea tsoalo.

Lesale la mesifa ha le fumanehe hangata. E ikarabella ho tlase ho 1% ea mathata ohle a pelo ea tlhaho. Boemo bona bo hlaha khafetsa ho banna joalo ka basali. Bana ba bang ba nang le lesale la methapo le bona ba na le bothata bo bong ba pelo ba tsoalo.

Lesale la methapo le hlaha kapele haholo nakong ea kholo ea ngoana ka popelong. Ka tloaelo, aorta e tsoa ho e 'ngoe ea lisele tse arikiloeng. 'Mele o senya tse ling tsa li-arches tse setseng, ha tse ling li fetoha methapo. Metsing e meng e lokelang ho senyeha ha e etse, e etsang lesale la methapo.

Ka lesale la methapo, tse ling tsa li-arches le lijana tse neng li lokela hore ebe li fetohile methapo kapa li nyametse li ntse li le teng ha lesea le hlaha. Litšiea tsena li etsa lesale la methapo ea mali, e teelang hare ebe e hatella pepeneng (trachea) le 'metso.

Ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea lesale la methapo. Mefuteng e meng, lesale la methapo le pota-potile trachea le 'metso, empa le ntse le ka baka matšoao.

Bana ba bang ba nang le lesale la methapo ha ho mohla ba hlahisang matšoao. Leha ho le joalo, maemong a mangata, matšoao a bonoa nakong ea bongoana. Khatello ea phaephe (trachea) le 'metso e ka lebisa mathateng a ho hema le ho sila lijo. Ha lesale le hatella haholo, matšoao a tla ba matla le ho feta.

Mathata a phefumolohang a ka kenyelletsa:

• Khohlela e phahameng
• Ho hema haholo (stridor)
• Pneumonia e phetoang kapa tšoaetso ea phefumoloho
• Matšoenyeho a phefumoloho
• Ho honotha

Ho ja ho ka mpefatsa matšoao a ho hema.

Matšoao a tšilo ea lijo ha a fumanehe hangata, empa a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho bipetsa
• Ho thata ho ja lijo tse tiileng
• Bothata ba ho metsa (dysphagia)
• Reflux ea gastroesophageal (GERD)
• Ho fepa matsoele kapa ho noa butle
• Ho hlatsa

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla mamela phefumoloho ea ngoana ho lahla mathata a mang a phefumolohang a kang asthma. Ho mamela pelo ea ngoana ka stethoscope ho ka thusa ho khetholla ho korotla le mathata a mang a pelo.

Liteko tse latelang li ka thusa ho fumana lesale la methapo:

• X-ray sefubeng
• Tlhatlhobo ea pelo le methapo e meholo ea mali ea computed tomography (CT)
• Khamera tlase molaleng ho hlahloba maqhubu a moea (bronchoscopy)
• Litšoantšo tsa Magnetic resonance (MRI) tsa pelo le methapo e meholo ea mali
• Tlhahlobo ea Ultrasound (echocardiogram) ea pelo
• X-ray ea methapo ea mali (angiography)
• X-ray ea 'metso e sebelisang dae e khethehileng ho totobatsa sebaka seo hantle (esophagram kapa barium swallow)

Hangata ho buuoa ho etsoa kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang ho bana ba nang le matšoao. Morero oa ts'ebetso ke ho arola lesale la methapo le ho imolla khatello ho likarolo tse haufi. Ts'ebetso hangata e etsoa ka lehare le lenyenyane la ho buoa ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la sefuba lipakeng tsa likhopo.

Ho fetola lijo tsa ngoana ho ka thusa ho kokobetsa matšoao a tšilo ea lijo a reng ea masapo. Mofani o tla fana ka litlhare (joalo ka lithibela-mafu) ho alafa mafu afe kapa afe a phefumoloho, haeba a ka hlaha.

Bana ba se nang matšoao ba kanna ba se hloke kalafo empa ba lokela ho beoa leihlo ka hloko ho netefatsa hore boemo ha bo mpefale.

Hore na lesea le sebetsa hantle hakae ho latela hore na lesale la methapo le beha khatello e kae ho 'metso le trachea le hore na lesea le fumanoa le ho phekoloa kapele hakae.

Phekolo e sebetsa hantle maemong a mangata mme hangata e imolla matšoao hanghang. Mathata a matla a ho hema a ka nka likhoeli ho fela. Bana ba bang ba kanna ba tsoela pele ho hema haholo, haholo ha ba le mafolofolo haholo kapa ba na le tšoaetso ea phefumoloho.

Ho lieha ho buuoa maemong a tebileng ho ka lebisa ho mathata a tebileng, joalo ka tšenyo ea trachea le lefu.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba ngoana oa hau a e-na le matšoao a lesale la methapo. Ho fumanoa le ho phekoloa kapele ho ka thibela mathata a tebileng.

Ha ho na mokhoa o tsebahalang oa ho thibela boemo bona.

Seota se nepahetseng sa aortic se nang le aberrant subclavian le left ligamentum arteriosus; Bokooa ba pelo ea Congenital - lesale la methapo; Pelo ea sekoli sa tlhaho - lesale la methapo

• Lesale la vascular

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Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM. Tse ling tsa pelo ea tlhaho le mathata a methapo. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 459.

Webb GD, Smallhorn JF, Therrien J, Redington AN. Congenital lefu la pelo ho motho e moholo le mokuli oa bana. Ka: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Braunwald E, eds. Lefu la pelo la Braunwald: Buka ea bongaka ea meriana ea pelo. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 75.