Ho ngola litlhaku

Karyotyping ke teko ea ho hlahloba li-chromosome sampoleng ea lisele. Teko ena e ka thusa ho tseba mathata a liphatsa tsa lefutso e le sesosa sa lefu kapa bokuli.

Teko e ka etsoa ho hoo e ka bang lisele tsohle, ho kenyelletsa:

• Mokelikeli oa Amniotic
• Mali
• Lesapo la masapo
• Lisele tse tsoang ho setho se hlahang nakong ea bokhachane ho fepa lesea le ntseng le hola (placenta)

Ho leka amniotic fluid, ho etsoa amniocentesis.

Ho hlokahala lesapo la moko oa masapo ho nka sampole ea moko oa masapo.

Sampole e kenngoa ka sejaneng se khethehileng kapa tube ebe e lumelloa ho hola ka laboratoring. Lisele li nkuoa hamorao sampoleng e ncha ebe lia silafatsoa. Setsebi sa laboratori se sebelisa microscope ho lekola boholo, sebōpeho le palo ea li-chromosome tse sampoleng ea sele. Mohlala o silafalitsoeng o nkuoa foto ho bonts'a tlhophiso ea li-chromosome. Sena se bitsoa karyotype.

Mathata a mang a ka khetholloa ka palo kapa tlhophiso ea li-chromosome. Li-chromosome li na le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse likete tse bolokiloeng ka har'a DNA.

Latela litaelo tsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo mabapi le ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo.

Hore na teko e tla ikutloa joang ho latela hore na sampole ea ts'ebetso e huloa mali (venipuncture), amniocentesis, kapa biopsy marrow biopsy.

Teko ena e ka:

• Bala palo ea li-chromosome
• Batla liphetoho mohahong oa li-chromosome

Teko ena e kanna ea etsoa:

• Ho banyalani ba nang le nalane ea ho senyeheloa ke mpa
• Ho hlahloba ngoana kapa lesea lefe kapa lefe le nang le likarolo tse sa tloaelehang kapa tieho ea kholo

Mongo oa masapo kapa tlhahlobo ea mali e ka etsoa ho khetholla chromosome ea Philadelphia, e fumanoang ho 85% ea batho ba nang le leukemia e sa foleng ea myelogenous (CML).

Teko ea amniotic fluid e etsoa ho hlahloba lesea le ntseng le hola bakeng sa mathata a chromosome.

Mofani oa hau a ka odara liteko tse ling tse tsamaeang le karyotype:

• Microarray: E sheba liphetoho tse nyane ho li-chromosome
• Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH): E sheba liphoso tse nyane joalo ka ho tlosoa li-chromosomes.

Liphetho tse tloaelehileng ke tsena:

• Basali: li-autosomes tse 44 le li-chromosome tse peli tsa thobalano (XX), tse ngotsoeng e le 46, XX
• Banna: li-autosomes tse 44 le li-chromosome tse peli tsa thobalano (XY), tse ngotsoeng e le 46, XY

Liphetho tse sa tloaelehang li ka bakoa ke lefu la lefutso kapa boemo bo kang:

• Down syndrome
• Lefu la Klinefelter
• Chromosome ea Philadelphia
• Trisomy 18
• Turner lefu

Chemotherapy e ka baka likheo tsa chromosome tse amang sephetho se tloaelehileng sa karyotyping.

Likotsi li amana le ts'ebetso e sebelisitsoeng ho fumana sampole.

Maemong a mang, bothata bo ka hlaha liseleng tse holang ka sejaneng sa laboraka. Liteko tsa Karyotype li lokela ho phetoa ho netefatsa hore bothata bo sa tloaelehang ba chromosome bo hlile bo le 'meleng oa motho.

Tlhahlobo ea Chromosome

• Ho ngola litlhaku

Bacino CA, Lee B. Cytogenetics. Ka: Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St. Geme JW, Schor NF, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. 20th, ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 81.

Stein CK. Likopo tsa cytogenetics ho pathology ea sejoale-joale. Ka: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, bahlophisi. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis le Tsamaiso ka Mekhoa ea Laboraro. La bo23 la ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 69.