Teko ea mali ea CBC

Teko e felletseng ea palo ea mali (CBC) e metha tse latelang:

• Palo ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali (RBC count)
• Palo ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali (palo ea WBC)
• Kakaretso ea haemoglobin maling
• Karolo ea mali e entsoeng ka lisele tse khubelu tsa mali (hematocrit)

Teko ea CBC e boetse e fana ka tlhaiso-leseling ka litekanyo tse latelang:

• Karolelano ea boholo ba lisele tse khubelu tsa mali (MCV)
• Palo ea haemoglobin ka sele e khubelu ea mali (MCH)
• Palo ea hemoglobin e amanang le boholo ba sele (hemoglobin concentration) ka sele e khubelu ea mali (MCHC)

Palo ea platelet e boetse e kenyelletsoa hangata ho CBC.

Ho hlokahala sampole ea mali.

Ha ho na litokisetso tse khethehileng tse hlokahalang.

Ha nale e kentsoe ho hula mali, u ka utloa bohloko bo itekanetseng. Batho ba bang ba utloa feela ho hlaba kapa ho hlaba. Kamora moo ho ka ba le ho longoa kapa ho longoa hanyenyane. Haufinyane sena sea fela.

CBC ke teko ea laboratori e atisang ho etsoa. E ka sebelisoa ho fumana kapa ho lekola maemo a fapaneng a bophelo bo botle. Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka laela tlhahlobo ena:

• E le karolo ea tlhahlobo e tloaelehileng
• Haeba u na le matšoao, joalo ka mokhathala, ho theola boima ba 'mele, feberu kapa matšoao a mang a ts'oaetso, bofokoli, matetetso, ho tsoa mali kapa matšoao afe kapa afe a mofets'e
• Ha o fumana kalafo (meriana kapa radiation) e ka fetolang liphetho tsa palo ea mali a hau
• Ho lekola bothata ba nako e telele (bo sa foleng) bo ka fetolang sephetho sa palo ea mali a hau, joalo ka lefu le sa foleng la liphio

Palo ea mali e ka fapana ka bophahamo. Ka kakaretso, liphetho tse tloaelehileng ke tsena:

Palo ea RBC:

• E motona: lisele tse limilione tse 4.7 ho isa ho 6.1 / mcL
• Mosali: lisele tse limilione tse 4.2 ho isa ho tse 5.4 / mcL

Palo ea WBC:

• Lisele tse 4 500 ho isa ho 10,000 / mcL

Hematocrit:

• Monna: 40.7% ho 50.3%
• Mosali: 36.1% ho ea 44.3%

Hemoglobin:

• E motona: 13.8 ho isa ho 17.2 gm / dL
• E motšehali: 12.1 ho isa ho 15.1 gm / dL

Li-indices tsa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali:

• MCV: li-femtoliter tse 80 ho isa ho tse 95
• MCH: 27 ho isa ho 31 pg / sele
• MCHC: 32 ho isa ho 36 gm / dL

Palo ea Platelet:

• 150,000 ho isa ho 450,000 / dL

Mehlala e kaholimo ke litekanyo tse tloaelehileng bakeng sa liphetho tsa liteko tsena. Mekhahlelo e tloaelehileng ea boleng e ka fapana hanyane hara lilaboratori tse fapaneng. Li-lab tse ling li sebelisa litekanyo tse fapaneng kapa li leka liteko tse fapaneng. Bua le ngaka ea hau ka se boleloang ke sephetho sa hau sa liteko.

High RBC, hemoglobin, kapa hematocrit e ka bakoa ke:

• Ho hloka metsi le maro a lekaneng, joalo ka letšollo le matla, mofufutso o feteletseng, kapa lipilisi tsa metsi tse sebelisetsoang ho alafa khatello e phahameng ea mali
• Lefu la liphio le tlhahiso e phahameng ea erythropoietin
• Boemo bo tlase ba oksijene maling nako e telele, hangata ka lebaka la lefu la pelo kapa la matšoafo
• Polycythemia vera
• Ho tsuba

Low RBC, hemoglobin, kapa hematocrit ke sesupo sa phokolo ea mali, e ka hlahisoang ke:

• Ho lahleheloa ke mali (ekaba ka tšohanyetso, kapa ho tsoa mathateng a kang ho ea matsatsing a boima ka nako e telele)
• Ho hloleha ha moko oa masapo (mohlala, ho tsoa mahlaseling, tšoaetso kapa hlahala)
• Ho senyeha ha lisele tse khubelu tsa mali (hemolysis)
• Kankere le kalafo ea mofets'e
• Maemo a mang a nako e telele (a sa foleng) a bongaka, joalo ka lefu le sa foleng la liphio, ulcerative colitis kapa ramatiki ea ramatiki.
• Lefuemia
• Matšoao a nako e telele a kang hepatitis
• Lijo tse fosahetseng le phepo e nepahetseng, tse bakang tšepe e nyane haholo, folate, vithamine B12, kapa vithamine B6
• Myeloma e mengata

Palo e tlase e tloaelehileng ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali e bitsoa leukopenia. Palo e fokotsehileng ea WBC e kanna ea ba ka lebaka la:

• Tšebeliso e mpe ea joala le tšenyo ea sebete
• Ho itšireletsa mafung (joalo ka systemic lupus erythematosus)
• Ho hloleha ha moko oa masapo (mohlala, ka lebaka la ts'oaetso, hlahala, radiation kapa fibrosis)
• Chemotherapy meriana e sebelisetsoang ho alafa mofetše
• Boloetse ba sebete kapa spleen
• Spleen e atolositsoeng
• Mafu a bakoang ke vaerase, joalo ka mono kapa AIDS
• Meriana

Palo e phahameng ea WBC e bitsoa leukocytosis. E ka bakoa ke:

• Meriana e meng, e kang corticosteroids
• Tšoaetso
• Maloetse a kang lupus, ramatiki ea ramatiki kapa ho kula
• Lefuemia
• Ho imeloa kelellong le maikutlong
• Tšenyo ea lisele (tse kang ho chesa kapa lefu la pelo)

Palo e phahameng ea li-platelet e ka bakoa ke:

• Ho tsoa mali
• Maloetse a kang mofetše
• Khaello ea tšepe
• Mathata le moko oa masapo

Palo e tlase ea li-platelet e ka bakoa ke:

• Mathata moo liplatelete li senngoang
• Boimana
• Spleen e atolositsoeng
• Ho hloleha ha moko oa masapo (mohlala, ka lebaka la ts'oaetso, hlahala, radiation kapa fibrosis)
• Chemotherapy meriana e sebelisetsoang ho alafa mofetše

Ho na le kotsi e nyane haholo e amehang ha ho nkuoa mali a hau. Methapo le methapo li fapana ka boholo ho tloha ho motho e mong ho ea ho o mong, le ho tloha lehlakoreng le leng la 'mele ho ea ho le leng. Ho nka mali ho batho ba bang ho ka ba thata ho feta ho ba bang.

Likotsi tse ling tse amanang le ho huloa mali li nyane, empa li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho tsoa mali a mangata
• Ho akheha kapa ho ikutloa o le hlooho e boima
• Hematoma (mali a bokellanang ka tlasa letlalo)
• Tšoaetso (kotsi e nyane neng kapa neng ha letlalo le robehile)

Li-RBC li tsamaisa hemoglobin eo le eona e tsamaisang oksijene. Palo ea oksijene e fumanoang ke lisele tsa 'mele e ipapisitse le bongata le tšebetso ea li-RBC le hemoglobin.

Li-WBC ke babuelli ba ho ruruha le karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Hona le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-WBC tse atisang ho hlaha maling:

• Li-neutrophils (li-leukocyte tsa polymorphonuclear)
• Lisele tsa 'mele (li-neutrophils tse seng kae)
• Li-lymphocyte tsa mofuta oa T (lisele tsa T)
• Li-lymphocyte tsa mofuta oa B (lisele tsa B)
• Li-monocyte
• Li-Eosinophil
• Basophils

Palo e felletseng ea mali; Khaello ea mali - CBC

• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, sele ea sekele
• Phokolo ea mali ea Megaloblastic - pono ea lisele tse khubelu tsa mali
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, sebopeho se tlohelang meokho
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - li tloaelehile
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - elliptocytosis
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - spherocytosis
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - lisele tse ngata tsa sekele
• Basophil (haufi-ufi)
• Malaria, pono e nyane ea likokoana-hloko tsa lisele
• Malaria, photomicrograph ea likokoana-hloko tsa cellular
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - lisele tsa sekele
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - sekele le Pappenheimer
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, lisele tse shebiloeng
• Likarolo tse entsoeng tsa mali
• Palo e felletseng ea mali

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Costa K. Hematology. Ho: Sepetlele sa Johns Hopkins; Hughes HK, Kahl LK, lihlopha. Sepetlele sa Johns Hopkins: Harriet Lane Handbook. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 14.

Vajpayee N, Graham SS, Bem S. Tlhahlobo ea mantlha ea mali le moko oa masapo. Ka: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, bahlophisi. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis le Tsamaiso ka Mekhoa ea Laboraro. La 22 Pulungoana. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 30.