Mefuta ea bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo

Sengoliloeng sena se hlalosa bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba amehang tlhokomelong ea mantlha, tlhokomelo ea booki le tlhokomelo e khethehileng.

TLHOKOMELO PRIMARY

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea mantlha (PCP) ke motho eo u ka mo bonang pele bakeng sa tlhahlobo le mathata a bophelo bo botle. Li-PCP li ka thusa ho laola bophelo ba hau ka kakaretso. Haeba u na le moralo oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle, fumana hore na ke ngaka ea mofuta ofe e ka sebetsang e le PCP ea hau.

• Poleloana "generalist" hangata e bua ka lingaka tsa bongaka (MDs) le lingaka tsa meriana ea masapo (Dos) ba ikhethileng ka bongaka ba kahare, tloaelo ea malapa, kapa bana.
• Lingaka tsa mafu a basali / li-Gynecologists (OB / GYNs) ke lingaka tse sebetsanang le tsa pelehi le mafu a basali, ho kenyeletsoa tlhokomelo ea basali, bophelo bo botle le tlhokomelo ea bakhachane. Basali ba bangata ba sebelisa OB / GYN joalo ka mofani oa bona oa tlhokomelo ea mantlha.
• Baoki ba baoki (NPs) ke baoki ba nang le koetliso ea mangolo. Ba ka sebetsa e le mofani oa mantlha oa tlhokomelo ea meriana ea malapa (FNP), lingaka tsa bana (PNP), tlhokomelo ea batho ba baholo (ANP), kapa geriatrics (GNP). Ba bang ba koetliselitsoe ho sebetsana le tlhokomelo ea basali ea bophelo bo botle (lintho tse tloaelehileng tse ba tšoenyang le ho li hlahloba hangata) le thero ea malapa. Li-NP li ka fana ka litlhare.
• Mothusi oa ngaka (PA) a ka fana ka lits'ebeletso tse fapaneng ka ts'ebelisano le Doctor of Medicine (MD) kapa Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).

TLHOKOMELO LIEKO

• Baoki ba nang le laesense (LPNs) ke bahlokomeli ba nang le laesense ea mmuso ba koetliselitsoeng ho hlokomela ba kulang.
• Baoki ba ngolisitsoeng (RNs) ba fumane lengolo lenaneong la booki, ba fetisitse tlhahlobo ea boto ea mmuso, mme ba fuoe laesense ke mmuso.
• Baoki ba tloaetseng ho ikoetlisa ba na le thuto le boiphihlelo ho feta koetliso ea mantlha le laesense e hlokoang ho li-RN tsohle.

Baoki ba tloaetseng ho ikoetlisa ba kenyelletsa baoki (NPs) le ba latelang:

• Litsebi tsa baoki ba tsa bongaka (CNSs) li na le koetliso lefapheng le joalo ka pelo, mafu a kelello kapa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.
• Babelehisi ba netefalitsoeng (CNMs) ba na le koetliso ea litlhoko tsa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba basali, ho kenyelletsa le tlhokomelo ea bakhachane, pelehi le pelehi, le tlhokomelo ea mosali ea belehileng.
• Baoki ba ngolisitsoeng ka molao ba anesthetists (CRNAs) ba na le koetliso lefapheng la anesthesia. Anesthesia ke mokhoa oa ho robatsa motho ntle le bohloko, le ho boloka 'mele oa motho o sebetsa hore ho etsoa liopereishene kapa liteko tse khethehileng.

Phekolo ea lithethefatsi

Bo-rakhemisi ba nang le mangolo ba na le mangolo a koetliso kolecheng ea litlama.

Rakhoebo oa hau o lokisetsa le ho sebetsana le litaelo tsa lithethefatsi tse ngotsoeng ke mofani oa tlhokomelo ea mantlha kapa ea khethehileng. Bo-ramahlale ba fa batho leseli ka meriana. Ba boetse ba buisana le bafani mabapi le litekanyetso, litšebelisano le litla-morao tsa meriana.

Rakhoebo oa hau oa meriana le eena a ka latela tsoelo-pele ea hau ho netefatsa hore na o sebelisa moriana oa hau ka polokeho le ka nepo.

Bo-ramahlale le bona ba ka lekola bophelo ba hau 'me ba u fa meriana.

TLHOKOMELO KHETHA

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea mantlha a ka u fetisetsa ho litsebi lithutong tse fapaneng ha ho hlokahala, joalo ka:

• Ts'oaetso le asthma
• Anesthesiology - thethebatso e akaretsang kapa lesapo la mokokotlo bakeng sa ho buuoa le mefuta e meng ea taolo ea bohloko
• Cardiology - mathata a pelo
• Dermatology - mathata a letlalo
• Endocrinology - mathata a lihormone le metabolism, ho kenyeletsoa lefu la tsoekere
• Gastroenterology - mathata a tsamaiso ea tšilo ea lijo
• Ho buuoa ka kakaretso - ho buuoa ho tloaelehileng ho amang karolo efe kapa efe ea 'mele
• Hematology - mathata a mali
• Immunology - mathata a sesole sa 'mele
• Maloetse a tšoaetsanoang - tšoaetso e amang lisele tsa karolo efe kapa efe ea 'mele
• Nephrology - mathata a liphio
• Neurology - mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo
• Obstetrics / gynecology - bokhachane le mathata a basali a ho ikatisa
• Oncology - kalafo ea mofets'e
• Ophthalmology - mathata a mahlo le ho buuoa
• Orthopedics - mathata a masapo le a maiketsetso
• Otorhinolaryngology - mathata a tsebe, nko le 'metso (ENT)
• Phekolo ea 'mele le meriana ea ho hlaphoheloa - bakeng sa mathata a joalo ka ho lemala ha mokokotlo o tlase, likotsi tsa mokokotlo le stroke
• Psychiatry - mathata a maikutlo kapa a kelello
• Pulmonary (matšoafo) - mathata a pampitšana ea ho hema
• Radiology - x-ray le mekhoa e amanang le eona (e kang ultrasound, CT le MRI)
• Rheumatology - bohloko le matšoao a mang a amanang le manonyeletso le likarolo tse ling tsa sisteme ea mesifa
• Urology - mathata a tsamaiso ea banna ea ho ikatisa le pampiri ea ho ntša metsi le karolo ea basali ea ho ntša metsi

Basebetsi ba baoki le bathusi ba lingaka le bona ba ka fana ka tlhokomelo kamanong le mefuta e mengata ea litsebi.

Lingaka; Baoki; Bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo; Lingaka; Bo-ramahlale

• Mefuta ea bafani ba tlhokomelo ea bophelo

Mokhatlo oa sebaka sa marang-rang sa Likholetjhe tsa Bongaka tsa Amerika. Mosebetsi oa bongaka. www.aamc.org/cim/specialty/exploreoptions/list/. E fihlile ka la 21 October, 2020.

Webosaete ea American Academy of PAs. PA ke eng? www.aapa.org/what-is-a-pa/. E fihlile ka la 21 October, 2020.

Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Baoki ba Basebetsi. Mooki ke eng (NP)? www.aanp.org/about/all-about-nps/whats-a-nurse-practitioner. E fihlile ka la 21 October, 2020.

Webosaete ea Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Bo-ramahlale. Mabapi le APhA. www.pharmacist.com/who-we-re. E fihlile ka la 15 April, 2021.