Boalbino

Albino ke sekoli sa tlhahiso ea melanine. Melanin ke ntho ea tlhaho 'meleng e fanang ka' mala oa moriri oa hao, letlalo le iris ea leihlo.

Albino e ba teng ha phoso e le 'ngoe ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e etsa hore' mele o sitoe ho hlahisa kapa ho aba melanin.

Liphoso tsena li ka fetisoa (tsa futsetsoa) ke malapa.

Mofuta o matla ka ho fetisisa oa albinism o bitsoa oculocutaneous albinism. Batho ba nang le mofuta ona oa boalbino ba na le moriri o mosoeu kapa o pinki, letlalo le 'mala oa iris. Ba boetse ba na le mathata a pono.

Mofuta o mong oa albinism, o bitsoang ocular albinism mofuta oa 1 (OA1), o ama mahlo feela. Letlalo la motho le 'mala oa hae hangata li maemong a tloaelehileng. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobo ea mahlo e tla bontša hore ha ho na 'mala ka morao ho leihlo (retina).

Lefu la Hermansky-Pudlak (HPS) ke mofuta oa albinism o bakoang ke phetoho ea lefutso le le leng. E ka hlaha ka lefu la ho tsoa mali, hammoho le mafu a matšoafo, a liphio le a mala.

Motho ea nang le boalbino a ka ba le e 'ngoe ea matšoao ana:

• Ha ho 'mala moriri, letlalo kapa leihlo la leihlo
• E bobebe ho feta letlalo le moriri o tloaelehileng
• Makhapetla a 'mala oa letlalo o sieo

Mefuta e mengata ea boalbino e amahanngoa le matšoao a latelang:

• Mahlo a sefapano
• Kutloisiso ea leseli
• Ho sisinyeha ha mahlo ka potlako
• Mathata a pono, kapa bofofu bo sebetsang

Ho etsa liteko tsa lefutso ho fana ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho fumana albinism. Liteko tse joalo li na le thuso haeba u na le nalane ea boalbino ea lelapa. E boetse e na le thuso ho lihlopha tse itseng tsa batho ba tsejoang hore ba na le lefu lena.

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka boela a hlahloba boemo bo ipapisitse le chebahalo ea letlalo, moriri le mahlo a hau. Ngaka ea mahlo e bitsoang ophthalmologist e ka etsa electroretinogram. Ena ke teko e ka senolang mathata a pono a amanang le boalbino. Teko e bitsoang tlhahlobo e hlahisitsoeng ea menyetla e ka bonoang e ka ba molemo haholo ha tlhahlobo e sa tsejoe.

Morero oa kalafo ke ho imolla matšoao.Ho tla latela hore na lefu lena le matla hakae.

Kalafo e kenyelletsa ho sireletsa letlalo le mahlo letsatsing. Ho etsa sena:

• Fokotsa kotsi ea ho chesoa ke letsatsi ka ho qoba letsatsi, ho sebelisa setlolo se sireletsang letlalo letsatsing, le ho ikoahela ka ho phethahetseng ka liaparo ha o pepesehile letsatsing.
• Sebelisa setlolo se sireletsang letlalo letsatsing ka tšireletso e phahameng ea letsatsi (SPF).
• Apara likhalase tsa letsatsi (UV e sirelelitsoeng) ho thusa ho theola kutlo ea khanya.

Hangata likhalase li laeloa ho lokisa mathata a pono le boemo ba mahlo. Ka linako tse ling ho buuoa ka mesifa ea mesifa ho lokisa mekhoa e sa tloaelehang ea mahlo.

Lihlopha tse latelang li ka fana ka tlhaiso-leseling e batsi le lisebelisoa:

• Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Boalbino le Hypopigmentation - www.albinism.org
• Tshupiso ea Lehae la NIH / NLM Genetics - ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ocular-albinism

Albino hangata ha e ame nako ea bophelo. Leha ho le joalo, HPS e ka khutsufatsa nako ea motho ea bophelo ka lebaka la lefu la matšoafo kapa mathata a ho tsoa mali.

Batho ba nang le boalbino ba ka ba le meeli mesebetsing ea bona hobane ba sitoa ho mamella letsatsi.

Mathata ana a ka hlaha:

• Pontsho e fokotsehileng, bofofu
• Kankere ea letlalo

Letsetsa mofani oa litšebeletso haeba u na le boalbino kapa matšoao a kang ho se utloe habonolo ho ka u bakelang mathata. Hape letsetsa haeba u hlokomela liphetoho life kapa life tsa letlalo e kanna ea ba sesupo sa pele sa mofetše oa letlalo.

Hobane albinism e futsitsoe, tlhabollo ea lefutso e bohlokoa. Batho ba nang le nalane ea boalbino ea malapa kapa ba mmala o bobebe haholo ba lokela ho nahana ka tlhabollo ea lefutso.

Albinism ea mahlo; Boalbino ba mahlo

• Melanine

Cheng KP. Ophthalmology. Ka: Zitelli BJ, McIntire SC, Nowalk AJ, li-eds. Zitelli le Davis ’Atlas of Pediatric Physical Diagnosis. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 20.

Joyce JC. Likokoana-hloko tse senyehileng. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 672.

Paller AS, Mancini AJ. Mathata a pigmentation. Ka: Paller AS, Mancini AJ, bahlophisi. Dermatology ea Bongaka ea Hurwitz Clinical. La 5th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 11.