Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis ke tšoaetso e bakoang ke baktheria ea leptospira.

Libaktheria tsena li ka fumanoa metsing a hloekileng a silafalitsoeng ke moroto oa liphoofolo. U ka tšoaetsoa haeba u ka ja kapa ua kopana le metsi kapa mobu o silafetseng. Tšoaetso e hlaha libakeng tse futhumetseng. Leptospirosis ha e hasane ho tloha ho motho e mong ho ea ho e mong, ntle le maemong a sa tloaelehang haholo.

Mabaka a kotsi a kenyelletsa:

• Ho pepeseha mosebetsing - lihoai, li-rancher, basebetsi ba polao, barekisi, lingaka tsa liphoofolo, baremi ba lifate, basebetsi ba likhoerekhoere, ba sebetsang masimong a raese le masole.
• Mesebetsi ea boithabiso - ho sesa ka metsi a hloekileng, ho sesa ka seketsoana, kayaking le ho palama baesekele libakeng tse futhumetseng
• Ho pepesetsoa malapa - lintja tse ruuoang lapeng, mehlape e ruuoang lapeng, lits'ebetso tsa metsi a pula, le litoeba tse nang le tšoaetso

Maloetse a Weil, mofuta o matla oa leptospirosis, ha o fumanehe hangata kontinenteng ea United States. Hawaii e na le linyeoe tse ngata ka ho fetisisa United States.

Matšoao a ka nka matsatsi a 2 ho isa ho a 30 (ka karolelano matsatsi a 10) ho hlaha, mme a kenyeletsa:

• Khohlela e ommeng
• Feberu
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho
• Bohloko ba mesifa
• Ho nyekeloa ke pelo, ho hlatsa le letshollo
• Ho tsitsinya maqhubu

Matšoao a sa tloaelehang a kenyelletsa:

• Bohloko ba mpeng
• Matšoafo a sa tloaelehang a utloahala
• Bohloko ba masapo
• Bofubelu ba conjunctival ntle le mokelikeli
• Litšoelesa tsa lymph tse atolositsoeng
• Ho holisa spleen kapa sebete
• Mahlaba a kopaneng
• Ho satalla ha mesifa
• Bonolo ba mesifa
• Ho phatloha ha letlalo
• Metso o bohloko

Mali a lekoa bakeng sa lithibela-mafu ho libaktheria. Nakong ea likarolo tse ling tsa bokuli, libaktheria ka botsona li ka fumanoa li sebelisa liteko tsa polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Liteko tse ling tse ka etsoang:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC)
• Bōpa kinase
• Li-enzyme tsa sebete
• Ho hlahloba urinal
• Litso tsa mali

Meriana ea ho phekola leptospirosis e kenyelletsa:

• Ampicillin
• Azithromycin
• Ceftriaxone
• Doxycycline
• Penicillin

Linyeoe tse rarahaneng kapa tse tebileng li ka hloka tlhokomelo e tšehetsang. U kanna oa hloka kalafo setsing sa tlhokomelo e matla ea sepetlele (ICU).

Ka kakaretso pono e ntle. Leha ho le joalo, nyeoe e rarahaneng e ka bolaea haeba e sa phekoloe kapele.

Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:

• Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction ha ho fanoa ka penicillin
• Meningitis
• Ho tsoa mali haholo

Ikopanye le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le matšoao a, kapa mabaka a kotsi a leptospirosis.

Qoba libaka tsa metsi a emeng kapa a likhohola, haholo-holo maemong a leholimo a tropike. Haeba u pepesetsoa sebakeng se kotsi haholo, itebele ho qoba tšoaetso. Apara liaparo tse u sireletsang, lieta kapa lieta ha u le haufi le metsi kapa mobu o silafalitsoeng ke moroto oa liphoofolo. O ka nka doxycycline ho fokotsa kotsi.

Lefu la weil; Feberu ea Icterohemorrhagic; Lefu la Swineherd; Lefu la tšimo ea raese; Feberu e sehang 'moba; Feberu ea mokhoabong; Feberu ea seretse; Hemorrhagic jaundice; Lefu la Stuttgart; Lefu la canicola

• Masole a mmele

Galloway RL, Stoddard RA, Schafer IJ. Leptospirosis. CDC Yellow Book 2020: Tlhahisoleseling ea Bophelo bakeng sa Moeti oa Machabeng. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse. wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/yellowbook-home. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 18 Phupu, 2019. E fihlile ka la 7 Mphalane 2020.

Haake DA, Levett PN. Mefuta ea Leptospira (leptospirosis). Ka: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, bahlophisi. Mandell, Douglas, le Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 239.

Zaki S, Shieh W-J. Leptospirosis. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 307.