Kankere ea testicular

Kankere ea testicular ke kankere e qalang ka har'a testicles. Li-testicles ke litšoelesa tsa botona tsa ho ikatisa tse fumanehang scrotum.

Lebaka la 'nete la mofetše oa testicular ha le utloisisoe hantle. Lintho tse ka eketsang kotsi ea monna ea ho ba le mofetše oa testicular ke:

• Nts'etsopele e sa tloaelehang ea testicle
• Ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale tse itseng
• Nalane ea lelapa ea mofets'e oa testicular
• Tšoaetso ea HIV
• Nalane ea mofetše oa testicular
• Nalane ea testicle e sa rateheng (le leng kapa a mabeli makoko a hloleha ho kenella ka har'a mokotla pele a hlaha)
• Lefu la Klinefelter
• Ho hloka thari
• Ho tsuba koae
• Down syndrome

Kankere ea testicular ke kankere e atileng haholo ho banna ba lilemong tse tlase le tse mahareng. E ka hlaha hape ho banna ba baholo, 'me maemong a sa tloaelehang, ho bashanyana ba banyenyane.

Banna ba basoeu ba na le monyetla o moholo ho feta banna ba Maafrika a Amerika le Maasia a Amerika ho hlahisa mofuta ona oa mofets'e.

Ha ho na kamano lipakeng tsa vasectomy le mofetše oa testicular.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea mofetše oa testicular:

• Lithupelo
• Nonseminomas

Kankere ena e hola ho tsoa liseleng tsa likokoana-hloko, lisele tse etsang peo ea botona.

Seminoma: Ena ke mofuta o holang butle oa mofetše oa testicular o fumanoang ho banna ba lilemong tsa bo 40 le 50. Kankere e ka har'a li-testes, empa e ka fetela ho li-lymph node. Ho nka karolo ha lymph node ho ka phekoloa ka radiotherapy kapa chemotherapy. Li-seminomas li tsotella haholo kalafo ea radiation.

Nonseminoma: Mofuta ona o tloaelehileng oa mofetše oa testicular o atisa ho hola kapele ho feta seminoma.

Lihlahala tsa Nonseminoma hangata li entsoe ka mefuta e fetang e le 'ngoe ea sele,' me li khetholloa ho latela mefuta ena e fapaneng ea lisele:

• Choriocarcinoma (ka seoelo)
• Kankere ea masea e emmeng
• Teratoma
• Hlahala ea mokotla oa mokotla

Hlahala ea stromal ke mofuta o sa tloaelehang oa hlahala ea testicular. Hangata ha li na mofetše. Mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea lihlahala tsa stromal ke lihlahala tsa Leydig le lihlahala tsa Sertoli. Hangata lihlahala tse matla li etsahala nakong ea bongoana.

Ho kanna ha ba le matšoao. Kankere e kanna ea shebahala joalo ka boima bo se nang bohloko litlhahlobong. Haeba ho na le matšoao, a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho se utloise bohloko kapa bohloko ba lekoko, kapa maikutlo a boima bothateng
• Bohloko bo mokokotlong kapa ka mpeng
• Lekoko le holisitsoeng kapa phetoho ka tsela eo e ikutloang ka eona
• Palo e feteletseng ea lisele tsa matsoele (gynecomastia), leha ho le joalo sena se ka etsahala ka tloaelo ho bashanyana ba lilemong tsa bocha ba se nang mofetše oa testicular.
• Ho ba le hlama kapa ho ruruha ka har'a testicle

Matšoao a likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele, joalo ka matšoafo, mpa, lesapo la mokokotlo, mokokotlo kapa boko, le ona a ka hlaha haeba mofets'e o hasane kantle ho makoko.

Ho itlhahloba 'meleng hangata ho bontša hlama e tiileng ho e' ngoe ea makoko. Ha mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a tšoere toche ho ea fihla mothapong, lebone ha le fete kong. Teko ena e bitsoa transillumination.

Liteko tse ling li kenyelletsa:

• Mpeng le mpeng ea CT
• Liteko tsa mali bakeng sa matšoao a hlahala: alpha fetoprotein (AFP), chorionic gonadotrophin (beta HCG), le lactic dehydrogenase (LDH)
• X-ray sefubeng
• Ultrasound ea scrotum
• Bone scan le hlooho ea CT scan (ho batla ho ata ha mofets'e masapong le hloohong)
• Boko ba MRI

Kalafo e ipapisitse le:

• Mofuta oa hlahala ea testicular
• Mothati oa hlahala

Hang ha mofetše o fumanoe, mohato oa pele ke ho tseba mofuta oa sele ea mofets'e ka ho e hlahloba ka microscope. Lisele li ka ba seminoma, nonseminoma, kapa ka bobeli.

Mohato o latelang ke ho fumana hore na mofetše o hasane ho isa kae likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele. Sena se bitsoa "staging."

• Kankere ea Stage I ha ea namela ka nqane ho testicle.
• Kankere ea Stage II e hasane ho li-lymph node ka mpeng.
• Kankere ea Stage III e nametse ka nqane ho li-lymph node (e kanna ea fihla sebeteng, matšoafong kapa bokong).

Mefuta e meraro ea kalafo e ka sebelisoa.

• Kalafo ea ho buoa e tlosa testicle (orchiectomy).
• Phekolo ea mahlaseli a kotsi e sebelisang x-ray e phahameng kapa mahlaseli a mang a matla a matla a ka sebelisoa kamora ho buuoa ho thibela hlahala ho khutla. Phekolo ea radiation hangata e sebelisoa feela bakeng sa ho phekola seminomas.
• Chemotherapy e sebelisa meriana ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše. Kalafo ena e ntlafalitse haholo pholoho bakeng sa batho ba nang le seminomas le nonseminomas.

Ho kenella sehlopheng sa ts'ehetso moo litho li arolelanang liphihlelo tse tloaelehileng le mathata hangata ho ka thusa khatello ea maikutlo ea bokuli.

Kankere ea testicular ke e 'ngoe ea mofetše o phekolehang le ho phekoloa.

Sekhahla sa ho pholoha ha banna ba nang le seminoma ea pejana (mofuta o mabifi oa mofetše oa testicular) o feta 95%. Sekhahla sa ho pholoha ntle le mafu bakeng sa mofetše oa Stage II le III se fokotsehile hanyane, ho latela boholo ba hlahala le hore na kalafo e qalile neng.

Kankere ea testicular e ka namela likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele. Liwebsaete tse atileng haholo li kenyelletsa:

• Sebete
• Matšoafo
• Sebaka sa Retroperitoneal (sebaka se haufi le liphio kamora litho tse ling tse ka mpeng)
• Boko
• Lesapo

Mathata a ho buuoa a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho tsoa mali le tšoaetso kamora ho buuoa
• Ho hloka thari (haeba li-testicles ka bobeli li tlosoa)

Baphonyohi ba kankere ea testicular ba kotsing e kholo ea ho ba le:

• Matšoao a bobeli a kotsi (mofets'e oa bobeli o etsahala sebakeng se fapaneng 'meleng o hlahang kamora kalafo ea mofetše oa pele)
• Maloetse a pelo
• Matšoao a metabolism

Hape, mathata a nako e telele ho baphonyohi ba mofets'e a ka kenyelletsa:

• Pheripheral neuropathy
• Lefu le sa foleng la liphio
• Tšenyo ea tsebe e kahare ea meriana e sebelisetsoang ho alafa mofetše

Haeba u nahana hore u kanna ua batla ho ba le bana nakong e tlang, botsa mofani oa thepa ea hau ka mekhoa ea ho boloka peo ea hau ea botona hore e tle e sebelisoe hamorao.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u na le matšoao a mofets'e oa testicular.

Ho etsa tlhahlobo ea testicular (TSE) khoeli le khoeli ho ka thusa ho fumana mofetše oa testicular qalong, pele o ka ata. Ho fumana mofetše oa testicular kapele ho bohlokoa bakeng sa kalafo e atlehileng le pholoho. Leha ho le joalo, tlhahlobo ea mofets'e ea testicular ha e khothaletsoe bakeng sa batho ba bangata United States.

Kankere - li-testes; Hlahala ea sele ea germ; Kankere ea testicular ea Seminoma; Kankere ea testicular ea Nonseminoma; Neoplasm ea testicular

• Chemotherapy - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Phekolo ea radiation - lipotso tseo u ka li botsang ngaka ea hau

• Anatomy ea banna ea ho ikatisa
• Mokhoa oa ho ikatisa oa banna

Einhorn LH. Kankere ea testicular. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 190.

Friedlander TW, EJ e Nyane. Kankere ea testicular. Ka: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, bahlophisi. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 83.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Kalafo ea testicular cancer (PDQ) - mofuta oa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle. www.cancer.gov/types/testicular/hp/testicular-treatment-pdq#section/_85. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 21 Mphalane 2020. E fihlile ka la 5 Phato 2020.