Ho koaloa ha methapo ea Retinal

Ho koaloa ha methapo ea methapo ke ho koala ho e 'ngoe ea methapo e menyenyane e tsamaisang mali ho isa ho retina. Retina ke karolo ea lisele tse ka morao ea leihlo tse khonang ho utloa leseli.

Methapo ea methapo e ka 'na ea koaleha ha mali a koalehang kapa mafura a tšoarella methapong. Li-blockages tsena li ka etsahala haeba ho na le methapo ea methapo (atherosclerosis) e ka leihlong.

Maqeba a ka tsoa likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele' me a thiba mothapo ka har'a retina. Mehloli e tloahelehileng ka ho fetisisa ea maqeba ke methapo ea pelo le carotid molaleng.

Boholo ba lithibelo li etsahala ho batho ba nang le maemo a kang:

• Lefu la methapo ea Carotid, moo methapo e 'meli e meholo ea mali e molaleng e khutsufatsoang kapa e koalloang
• Lefu la tsoekere
• Bothata ba pelo ea pelo (atrial fibrillation)
• Bothata ba sephahla sa pelo
• Mafura a mangata maling (hyperlipidemia)
• Khatello ea mali e phahameng
• Tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi
• Temporal arteritis (tšenyo ea methapo ka lebaka la karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung)

Haeba lekala la methapo ea kutlo le ka thibeloa, karolo ea leihlo le ke ke la fumana mali le oksijene tse lekaneng. Haeba sena se etsahala, o ka lahleheloa ke karolo ea pono ea hau.

Ho fifala ka tšohanyetso kapa tahlehelo ea pono e ka hlaha ho:

• Leihlo le le leng (ho koalloa ha methapo ea methapo e bohareng kapa CRAO)
• Karolo ea leihlo le le leng (methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea kutlo kapa BRAO)

Ho thijoa ha methapo ea methapo ea kutlo ho ka nka metsotsoana e seng mekae kapa metsotso e seng mekae, kapa ho ba teng ka ho sa feleng.

Lefu la mali le ka leihlong e ka ba sesupo sa tlhokomeliso ea makhopho sebakeng se seng. Ho koaloa ha boko bokong ho ka baka stroke.

Liteko tsa ho lekola retina li ka kenyelletsa:

• Tlhatlhobo ea retina kamora ho holisa morutoana
• Fluorescein angiography
• Khatello ea intraocular
• Karabo ea barutoana ba barutoana
• Ho qhekella
• Ho nka lifoto tsa retina
• Hlakola tlhahlobo ea lebone
• Teko ea pono ea lehlakore (tlhahlobo ea tšimo ea pono)
• Matla a pono

Liteko tse akaretsang li lokela ho kenyelletsa:

• Khatello ea mali
• Liteko tsa mali, ho kenyeletsoa le li-cholesterol le triglyceride le sekhahla sa erythrocyte sedimentation
• Tlhahlobo ea 'mele

Liteko tsa ho khetholla mohloli oa lehloa ho tsoa karolong e ngoe ea 'mele:

• Echocardiogram
• Electrocardiogram
• Ho hlahloba pelo bakeng sa morethetho o sa tloaelehang oa pelo
• Duplex Doppler ultrasound ea methapo ea carotid

Ha ho na kalafo e netefalitsoeng ea tahlehelo ea pono e amang leihlo lohle, ntle le haeba e bakoa ke bokuli bo bong bo ka alafshoang.

Litlhare tse 'maloa li ka lekoa. Ho ba thuso, kalafo tsena li tlameha ho fanoa nakong ea lihora tse 2 ho isa ho tse 4 kamora hore matšoao a qale. Leha ho le joalo, melemo ea kalafo ena ha e so ka e pakoa, 'me ha e sebelisoe hangata.

• Ho hema ka ho hema motsoako oa carbon dioxide-oxygen. Kalafo ena e etsa hore methapo ea retina e atolohe.
• Ho silila leihlo.
• Ho tlosa mokelikeli ka har'a leihlo. Ngaka e sebelisa nalete ho ntša mokelikeli o monyane ho tloha ka pela leihlo. Sena se baka khatello ea mahlo ka tšohanyetso, eo ka nako e 'ngoe e ka etsang hore lehloela le kenelle ka mothapong o monyane oa lekala moo le tla baka tšenyo e nyane.
• Sethethefatsi se thibang mali, "activator" ea "tissue plasminogen" (tPA).

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o lokela ho sheba sesosa sa thibelo. Li-blockages e kanna ea ba matšoao a bothata ba bongaka bo sokelang bophelo.

Batho ba nang le li-blockages tsa methapo ea kutlo ba ka 'na ba se ke ba hlola ba bona pono.

Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:

• Glaucoma (CRAO feela)
• Ho lahleheloa ke pono ka leeme kapa ka botlalo leihlong le amehileng
• Stroke (ka lebaka la mabaka a ts'oanang a tlatselletsang ho ts'oaroa ha methapo ea methapo, eseng ka lebaka la ho koalloa ka boeona)

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u foufala ka tšohanyetso kapa u lahleheloa ke pono.

Mehato e sebelisetsoang ho thibela maloetse a mang a methapo ea mali, joalo ka lefu la methapo ea methapo, e ka fokotsa menyetla ea ho koaloa ha methapo ea kutlo. Tsena li kenyelletsa:

• Ho ja lijo tse se nang mafura
• Ho ikoetlisa
• Ho emisa ho tsuba
• Ho theola boima ba 'mele haeba o nonne haholo

Ka linako tse ling, li-thinner tsa mali li ka sebelisoa ho thibela mothapo hore o se ke oa thiba hape. Aspirin kapa lithethefatsi tse ling tse thibelang ho hoama li sebelisoa haeba bothata bo le methapong ea carotid. Warfarin kapa tse ling tse fokotsang mali tse nang le matla li sebelisoa haeba bothata bo le ka pelong.

Ho koaloa ha methapo ea methapo e bohareng; CRAO; Ho koaloa ha methapo ea methapo ea lekala; BRAO; Pono ea tahlehelo - ho koaloa ha methapo ea methapo; Pono e lerootho - ho koaloa ha methapo ea methapo ea kutlo

• Retina

Cioffi GA, Liebmann JM. Maloetse a tsamaiso ea pono. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 395.

Crouch ER, Crouch ER, Fana ka TR.Ophthalmology. Ka: Rakel RE, Rakel DP, bahlophisi. Buka ea bongaka ea Meriana ea Lelapa. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 17.

Duker JS, Duker JS. Tšitiso ea methapo ea pelo. Ka: Yanoff M, Duker JS, bahlophisi. Ophthalmology. La 5th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 6.19.

Patel PS, Sadda SR. Ho koaloa ha methapo ea Retinal. Ho: Schachat AP, Sadda SR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, bahlophisi. Retina ea Ryan. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 54.

Salmone JF. Lefu la methapo ea pelo. Ka: Salmon JF, e hlophisitsoeng. Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 13.