Ho tlosoa ha opiate le opioid

Li-opiate kapa li-opioid ke lithethefatsi tse sebelisetsoang ho phekola bohloko. Lentsoe narcotic le bolela mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa sethethefatsi.

Haeba u emisa kapa u fokotsa lithethefatsi tsena kamora ho sebelisa haholo libeke tse 'maloa kapa ho feta, u tla ba le matšoao a' maloa. Sena se bitsoa ho hula.

Ka 2018 United States, batho ba ka bang 808,000 ba tlalehile ba sebelisa heroine selemong se fetileng. Selemong sona seo, batho ba ka bang limilione tse 11.4 ba ile ba sebelisa lipilisi tsa bohloko ba narcotic ntle le lengolo la ngaka. Ho kokobetsa bohloko ba lithethefatsi ho kenyelletsa:

• Codeine
• Heroin
• Hydrocodone (Vicodin)
• Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
• Methadone
• Meperidine (Demerol)
• Morphine
• Oxycodone (Percocet kapa Oxycontin)

Lithethefatsi tsena li ka baka ts'epahalo ea 'mele. Sena se bolela hore motho o itšetleha ka setlhare ho thibela matšoao a ho hula. Ha nako e ntse e feta, lithethefatsi tse ling li hlokahala bakeng sa phello e tšoanang. Hona ho bitsoa mamello ea lithethefatsi.

Ho nka nako e kae ho ba motho ea itšetlehileng ka 'mele ho fapana le motho ka mong.

Ha motho a khaotsa ho noa lithethefatsi, 'mele o hloka nako hore o fole. Sena se baka matšoao a ho tlohela. Ho khaotsa li-opiate ho ka etsahala neng kapa neng ha ts'ebeliso ea nako e telele e emisoa kapa e fokotsoa.

Matšoao a pele a ho tlohela a kenyelletsa:

• Moferefere
• Ho tšoenyeha
• Bohloko ba mesifa
• Ho lla ho eketsehileng
• Ho hlobaela
• Nko ea metsi
• Ho fufuleloa
• Ho hlakola

Matšoao a morao-rao a ho tlohela a kenyelletsa:

• Ho kokomoha ka mpeng
• Letšollo
• Barutoana ba hlakileng
• Litlhaku tsa likhantsi
• Ho nyekeloa
• Ho hlatsa

Matšoao ana ha a phutholohe haholo empa ha a kotsing ea bophelo. Matšoao hangata a qala nakong ea lihora tsa 12 tsa ts'ebeliso ea heroine ea ho qetela le nakong ea lihora tse 30 tsa tlhahiso ea methadone ea ho qetela.

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a botse lipotso mabapi le nalane ea hau ea bongaka le ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi.

Liteko tsa moroto kapa tsa mali ho lekola lithethefatsi li ka netefatsa tšebeliso ea opiate.

Liteko tse ling li tla latela matšoenyeho a mofani oa hau bakeng sa mathata a mang. Liteko li ka kenyelletsa:

• Lik'hemistri tsa mali le liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea sebete joalo ka CHEM-20
• CBC (palo e felletseng ea mali, mehato ea lisele tse khubelu le tse tšoeu tsa mali, le liplatelete, tse thusang mali ho hoama)
• X-ray sefubeng
• ECG (electrocardiogram, kapa ho batla pelo)
• Ho etsa liteko tsa lefu la hepatitis C, HIV le lefuba (TB), joalo ka ha batho ba bangata ba hlekefetsang li-opiate le bona ba na le mafu ana

Ho tlohela meriana ena u le mong ho ka ba thata haholo 'me ha ba kotsi. Kalafo hangata e kenyelletsa meriana, tlhabollo le tšehetso. Uena le mofani oa hau le tla bua ka lipheo tsa hau tsa tlhokomelo le kalafo.

Ho hula ho ka etsahala maemong a 'maloa:

• Ha o le hae, o sebelisa meriana le sistimi e matla ea tšehetso. (Mokhoa ona o thata, 'me ho ikhula ho lokela ho etsoa butle haholo.)
• Ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tse hlophiselitsoeng ho thusa batho ba nang le ts'oaetso (detox).
• Sepetleleng se tloaelehileng, haeba matšoao a le matla.

MERIANA

Methadone e imolla matšoao a ho hula 'me e thusa ka detox. E boetse e sebelisoa e le moriana oa nako e telele oa tlhokomelo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea opioid. Kamora nako ea tlhokomelo, lethal dose le ka fokotseha butle ka nako e telele. Sena se thusa ho fokotsa matla a matšoao a ho tlohela. Batho ba bang ba lula methadone ka lilemo.

Buprenorphine (Subutex) e sebetsana le ho ikhula ho li-opiate, mme e ka khutsufatsa bolelele ba detox. E kanna ea sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea nako e telele, joalo ka methadone. Buprenorphine e ka kopanngoa le Naloxone (Bunavail, Suboxone, Zubsolv), e thusang ho thibela ho itšetleha le tšebeliso e mpe.

Clonidine e sebelisetsoa ho thusa ho fokotsa ho tšoenyeha, ho ferekana, ho opeloa ke mesifa, ho fufuleloa, ho tsoa nko le ho petetsana. Ha e thuse ho fokotsa litakatso.

Meriana e meng e ka:

• Phekola ho hlatsa le letshollo
• Thusa ka boroko

Naltrexone e ka thusa ho thibela ho oela hape. E fumaneha ka foromo ea pilisi kapa joalo ka ente. Hape, leha ho le joalo, e ka tlisa ho tlosoa ka tšohanyetso le ka matla ha e nkuoa ha li-opioid li ntse li le teng tsamaisong ea hau.

Batho ba tlohang khafetsa ba lokela ho phekoloa ka tlhokomelo ea methadone kapa buprenorphine ea nako e telele.

Batho ba bangata ba hloka kalafo ea nako e telele kamora ho tlosa detox. Sena se ka kenyelletsa:

• Lihlopha tsa boithati, joalo ka Narcotics Anonymous kapa SMART Recovery
• Tlhabollo ea bakuli
• Kalafo e matla ea bakuli ba tsoang kantle ho letsatsi (kokelo ea letsatsi)
• Kalafo ea bakuli

Mang kapa mang ea sebelisang li-detox bakeng sa li-opiate o lokela ho hlahlojoa hore na o na le khatello ea maikutlo le mafu a mang a kelello. Ho sebetsana le mathata ana ho ka fokotsa menyetla ea ho khutlela morao. Meriana e loantšang khatello ea maikutlo e lokela ho fanoa ha ho hlokahala.

Lihlopha tsa ts'ehetso, joalo ka Narcotic Anonymous le SMART Recovery, li ka thusa haholo batho ba lemaletseng li-opiate:

• Li-narcotics Tse sa Tsejoeng - www.na.org
• Pholoso ea SMART - www.smartrecovery.org

Ho tlohela li-opiate ho bohloko, empa hangata ha ho kotsi bophelong.

Mathata a kenyelletsa ho hlatsa le ho phefumoloha ka mpeng ka matšoafong. Hona ho bitsoa takatso, 'me ho ka baka tšoaetso ea matšoafo. Ho hlatsa le letshollo ho ka baka pherekano 'meleng le pherekano ea lik'hemik'hale tsa' mele le diminerale (electrolyte).

Bothata bo boholo ke ho khutlela ts'ebelisong ea lithethefatsi. Boholo ba lefu la opiate overdose le etsahala ho batho ba sa tsoa tšolla. Ho khaotsa ho tsuba ho fokotsa mamello ea motho sethethefatsi, kahoo ba sa tsoa tsoa ho tlohela ba ka noa tekanyetso e nyane haholo ho feta kamoo ba neng ba tloaetse ho e nka.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u sebelisa kapa u ikhula ho li-opiate.

Ho tlohela li-opioid; Ho nyahama; Ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi - ho tlohela opiate; Tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi - ho tlohela opiate; Tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi - ho ikhula opiate; Tlhekefetso ea lithethefatsi - tloso ea opiate; Methadone - ho tlosoa ha opiate; Meriana ea bohloko - ho tlohela opiate; Tlhekefetso ea heroine - ho itokolla opiate; Tlhekefetso ea Morphine - ho hula opiate; Ho tlosoa ha opoid; Meperidine - ho tlosoa ha opiate; Ho tlosoa ha opereishene ea Dilaudid; Oxycodone - ho tlosoa ha opiate; Percocet - ho tlosoa ha opiate; Oxycontin - ho tlosoa ha opiate; Hydrocodone - ho tlosoa ha opiate; Detox - opiate; Detoxification - opiates

Kampman K, Jarvis M. American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) Tataiso ea Naha ea Tloaelo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea meriana kalafong ea bokhoba bo amanang le ts'ebeliso ea opioid. J Ho lemalla Med. 2015; 9 (5): 358-367. PMID: 26406300 phatlalatsoa.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26406300/.

MONGOLI OA TSOANG PELE: Nikolaides JK, Thompson TM. Li-opioids. Ka: Marako RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Likhopolo le Tloaelo ea Kliniki. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 156.

Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP. Tšebeliso e mpe ea lithethefatsi le ho itšepa. Ka: Ritter JM, Flower R, Henderson G, Loke YK, MacEwan D, Rang HP, li-eds. Rang le Dale's Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 50.

Tlhekefetso ea Lithethefatsi le Tsamaiso ea Ts'ebeletso ea Bophelo ba kelello. Ts'ebeliso ea mantlha ea lithethefatsi le matšoao a bophelo bo botle ba kelello United States: Litholoana tsa Phuputso ea Naha ea 2018 mabapi le Ts'ebeliso ea Lithethefatsi le Bophelo. www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/cbhsq-reports/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018.pdf. E ntlafalitsoe ka Phato 2019. E fihlile ka la 23 Phuptjane 2020.