Bothata ba phetoho

Boloetse ba phetoho ke sehlopha sa matšoao, joalo ka khatello ea maikutlo, ho hlonama kapa ho hloka tšepo, le matšoao a mmele a ka hlahang kamora hore o fete ketsahalong e sithabetsang ea bophelo.

Matšoao a hlaha hobane o thatafalloa ho sebetsana le ona. Karabelo ea hau e matla ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebelletsoe bakeng sa mofuta oa ketsahalo e etsahetseng.

Liketsahalo tse ngata tse fapaneng li ka baka matšoao a lefu la phetoho. Hore na sesosa ke sefe, ketsahalo e kanna ea u imela haholo.

Likhatello tsa maikutlo bakeng sa batho ba lilemo life kapa life li kenyelletsa:

• Lefu la moratuoa
• Tlhalo kapa mathata ka kamano
• Bophelo bo akaretsang boa fetoha
• Ho kula kapa mathata a mang a bophelo bo botle ho uena kapa ho moratuoa
• Ho fallela ntlong e fapaneng kapa toropong e ngoe
• Likoluoa ​​tse sa lebelloang
• Ho tšoenyeha ka chelete

Lisosa tsa khatello ea maikutlo ho bacha le ho batho ba baholo li ka kenyelletsa:

• Mathata a lelapa kapa likhohlano
• Mathata a sekolo
• Litaba tsa thobalano

Ha ho na mokhoa oa ho bolela esale pele hore na ke batho bafe ba anngoeng ke khatello e ts'oanang ba ka bang le bothata ba phetoho. Tsebo ea hau ea ho tloaelana le batho pele ho ketsahalo le kamoo u ithutileng ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo nakong e fetileng e ka bapala karolo.

Matšoao a bothata ba phetoho hangata a le matla hoo a ka amang mosebetsi kapa bophelo ba sechaba. Matšoao a kenyelletsa:

• Ho itšoara ka mokhoa o nyefolang kapa ho bontša boits'oaro bo sa tsitsang
• Ho etsa tshabo kapa tsitsipano
• Ho lla, ho hlonama kapa ho hloka tšepo, mme mohlomong le ho ikhula ho batho ba bang
• Ho tlola lipelo tsa pelo le litletlebo tse ling tsa mmele
• Ho thothomela kapa ho tsitsinyeha

Ho ba le bothata ba phetoho, o tlameha ho ba le tse latelang:

• Matšoao a hlakile kamora khatello ea maikutlo, hangata nakong ea likhoeli tse tharo
• Matšoao a teng a tebile ho feta kamoo ho neng ho ka lebelloa
• Ha ho bonahale ho na le mathata a mang a amehang
• Matšoao a eona hase karolo ea ho sareloa ho tloaelehileng ka lebaka la lefu la moratuoa

Ka linako tse ling, matšoao a ka ba matla mme motho a ka ba le menahano ea ho ipolaea kapa a leka ho ipolaea.

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle ba kelello ho fumana boits'oaro le matšoao a hau. U kanna oa fetisetsoa ho ngaka ea mafu a kelello ho netefatsa tlhahlobo ea hau.

Morero oa mantlha oa kalafo ke ho imolla matšoao le ho u thusa ho khutlela boemong bo ts'oanang ba ts'ebetso joalo ka pele ho ketsahalo e sithabetsang.

Boholo ba litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle ba kelello bo khothaletsa mofuta o itseng oa kalafo ea ho bua. Mofuta ona oa kalafo o ka u thusa ho khetholla kapa ho fetola likarabo tsa hau ho khatello ea maikutlo bophelong ba hau.

Phekolo ea boits'oaro ba boits'oaro (CBT) ke mofuta oa kalafo ea puo. E ka u thusa ho sebetsana le maikutlo a hau:

• Pele setsebi se u thusa ho lemoha maikutlo le menahano e mebe e hlahang.
• Ebe setsebi se u ruta ho li fetola ho ba mehopolo e thusang le liketso tse phetseng hantle.

Mefuta e meng ea kalafo e ka kenyelletsa:

• Kalafo ea nako e telele, moo o tla lekola menahano le maikutlo a hau ka likhoeli tse ngata kapa ho feta
• Phekolo ea malapa, moo u tla kopana le setsebi hammoho le ba lelapa la hau
• Lihlopha tsa ho ithusa, moo tšehetso ea ba bang e ka u thusang ho ntlafala

Meriana e ka sebelisoa, empa feela hammoho le kalafo ea puo. Meriana ena e ka thusa haeba u:

• Ho tšoha kapa ho tšoenyeha boholo ba nako
• Ho se robale hantle
• Ho hlonama haholo kapa ho tepella maikutlo

Ka thuso le tšehetso e nepahetseng, o lokela ho fola kapele. Hangata bothata ha bo nke nako e telele ho feta likhoeli tse 6, ntle le haeba khatello ea maikutlo e ntse e le teng.

Ikopanye le mofani oa hau bakeng sa kopano haeba u ba le matšoao a lefu la phetoho.

Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa mafu a kelello. Mathata a amanang le khatello ea maikutlo le khatello ea maikutlo. Ka: Mokhatlo oa American Psychiatric Association, ed. Buka ea Tlhatlhobo le Lipalopalo tsa Mathata a Kelello. La 5th. Arlington, VA: Khatiso ea Psychiatric ea Amerika; 2013: 265-290.

Powell AD. Ho sareloa, ho shoeloa le mathata a phetoho. Ka: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, bahlophisi. Sepetlele sa Massachusetts General Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. Lekhetlo la bobeli. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 38.