Immunotherapy bakeng sa mofetše

Immunotherapy ke mofuta oa kalafo ea mofets'e e itšetlehileng ka boits'ireletso ba mmele ba sesole (sesole sa 'mele). E sebelisa lintho tse entsoeng ke 'mele kapa laboraka ho thusa sesole sa' mele ho sebetsa ka thata kapa ka tsela e shebiloeng haholo ho loants'a mofets'e. Sena se thusa 'mele oa hau ho felisa lisele tsa mofetše.

Immunotherapy e sebetsa ka:

• Ho emisa kapa ho liehisa kholo ea lisele tsa mofetše
• Ho thibela mofetše hore o se ke oa namela likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele
• Ho matlafatsa boits'ireletso ba mmele ho felisa lisele tsa mofetše

Ho na le mefuta e 'maloa ea immunotherapy bakeng sa mofetše.

Masole a mmele a sireletsa mmele kgahlanong le tshwaetso. E etsa sena ka ho fumana likokoana-hloko tse kang baktheria kapa livaerase le ho etsa liprotheine tse loantšang tšoaetso. Liprotheine tsena li bitsoa lithibela-mafu.

Bo-rasaense ba ka etsa lithibela-mafu tse khethehileng ka laborateng tse batlang lisele tsa mofetše ho fapana le libaktheria. Li bitsoa li-antibodies tsa monoclonal, le tsona ke mofuta oa kalafo e reretsoeng.

Li-antibodies tse ling tsa monoclonal li sebetsa ka ho khomarela lisele tsa mofetše. Sena se nolofalletsa lisele tse ling tse entsoeng ke sesole sa 'mele ho li fumana, ho li hlasela le ho li bolaea.

Li-antibodies tse ling tsa monoclonal li sebetsa ka ho thibela matšoao holim'a sele ea mofets'e e reng e arohane.

Mofuta o mong oa anti-monoclonal antibody o tsamaisa mahlaseli a kotsi kapa chemotherapy ho lisele tsa mofetše. Lintho tsena tse bolaeang mofets'e li hoketsoe ho li-antibodies tsa monoclonal, ebe li isa chefo liseleng tsa mofetše.

Li-antibodies tsa monoclonal li se li sebelisoa ho alafa mefuta e mengata ea mofets'e.

"Checkpoints" ke limolek'hule tse ikhethang liseleng tse ling tsa 'mele tseo sesole sa' mele sa 'mele se li bulelang kapa ho se koalang ho etsa boits'ireletso ba mmele. Lisele tsa mofetše li ka sebelisa libaka tsena tsa tlhahlobo ho qoba ho hlaseloa ke sesole sa 'mele.

Li-inhibitors tsa boits'ireletso ba 'mele ke mofuta o mocha oa anti-monoclonal antibody e sebetsang libakeng tsena tsa tlhahlobo ho matlafatsa sesole sa' mele e le hore e ka hlasela lisele tsa mofets'e.

PD-1 inhibitors li sebelisoa ho phekola mefuta e fapaneng ea mofets'e oa mofets'e.

PD-L1 inhibitors alafa kankere ea senya, kankere ea matšoafo le Merkel cell carcinoma, 'me ba ntse ba lekoa khahlanong le mefuta e meng ea mofets'e.

Lithethefatsi tse shebileng CTLA-4 alafa melanoma ea letlalo, mofetše oa liphio le mefuta e meng e mengata ea mofetše e bonts'ang mefuta e meng ea liphetoho.

Litlhare tsena li matlafatsa sesole sa 'mele ka tsela e akaretsang ho feta lithibela-mafu tse monoclonal. Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mantlha:

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) e thusa lisele tsa 'mele tsa mmele ho hola le ho arohana kapele. Mofuta o entsoeng ka laboratori oa IL-2 o sebelisetsoa mefuta e tsoetseng pele ea mofetše oa liphio le melanoma.

Interferon alpha (INF-alfa) e etsa hore lisele tse ling tsa 'mele tsa ho itšireletsa mafung li khone ho hlasela lisele tsa mofetše. Ha e sebelisoe hangata ho phekola:

• Leukemia ea sele e nang le moriri
• Leukemia e sa foleng ea myelogenous
• Follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• T-cell lymphoma e sa khaotseng
• Kankere ea liphio
• Melanoma
• Kaposi sarcoma

Mofuta ona oa kalafo o sebelisa livaerase tse fetotsoeng lebaleng ho tšoaetsa le ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše. Ha lisele tsena li e-shoa, li ntša lintho tse bitsoang li-antigen. Li-antigen tsena li bolella sesole sa 'mele hore se hlasele le ho bolaea lisele tse ling tsa mofetše' meleng.

Mofuta ona oa immunotherapy o sebelisoa ho phekola melanoma.

Litla-morao tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea immunotherapy bakeng sa mofetše li fapana ka mofuta oa kalafo. Litla-morao tse ling li etsahala moo ente kapa IV e kenang 'meleng, e leng ho etsang hore sebaka seo se be:

• Tse bohloko kapa tse bohloko
• Ho ruruha
• Khubelu
• Ho hlohlona

Litla-morao tse ling tse ka bang teng li kenyelletsa:

• Matšoao a kang a feberu (feberu, ho hatsela, bofokoli, hlooho)
• Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• Letšollo
• Mahlaba a mesifa kapa manonyeletso
• Ho ikutloa u khathetse haholo
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho
• Khatello ea mali e tlase kapa e phahameng
• Ho ruruha ha sebete, matšoafo, litho tsa endocrine, lesapo la meno kapa letlalo

Litlhare tsena li ka baka tšoaetso e matla, eo ka linako tse ling e ka bolaeang, e kulisang batho ba sa utloeng metsoako e meng ea kalafo. Leha ho le joalo, sena ke seoelo haholo.

Phekolo ea likokoana-hloko; Phekolo ea likokoana-hloko

Cancer.Net webosaete. Ho utloisisa immunotherapy. www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/how-cancer-treated/immunotherapy-and-vaccines/understanding-immunotherapy. E ntlafalitsoe ka Pherekhong, 2019. E fihlile ka la 27 Hlakubele 2020.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Lisele tsa CAR T: boenjiniere lisele tsa 'mele tsa bakuli ba ho phekola mofetše. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/research/car-t-cells. E ntlafalitsoe ka la 30 Phupu, 2019. E fihlile ka la 27 Hlakubele 2020.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Immunotherapy ho phekola mofetše. www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types/immunotherapy. E ntlafalitsoe ka Loetse 24, 2019. E fihlile ka la 27 Hlakubele 2020.

Tseng D, Schultz L, Pardoll D, Mackall C. Lefu la 'mele la mofets'e. Ka: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Doroshow JH, Kastan MB, Tepper JE, bahlophisi. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 6.

• Kankere Immunotherapy