U ka itšireletsa joang ho coronavirus (COVID-19)

Litaba

• Tlhokomelo e akaretsang ho itšireletsa ho vaerase
• 1. Mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa lapeng
• Mokhoa oa ho lokisa kamore ea ho itšehla thajana hae
• Ke mang ea lokelang ho beoa ka phapusing e ka thoko
• 2. Mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa mosebetsing
• 3. U ka itšireletsa joang libakeng tsa sechaba
• Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba u belaelloa
• Na ho khonahala ho fumana COVID-19 ho feta hanngoe?
• SARS-CoV-2 e phela nako e kae
• Kamoo vaerase e amang mmele

Coronavirus e ncha, e tsejoang ka hore ke SARS-CoV-2, hape e hlahisang tšoaetso ea COVID-19, e bakile palo e phahameng ea linyeoe tsa ts'oaetso ea phefumoloho lefats'eng ka bophara. Lebaka ke hobane vaerase e ka fetisoa habonolo ka ho khohlela le ho thimola, ka marotholi a mathe le liphiri tsa phefumoloho tse emisitsoeng moeeng.

Matšoao a COVID-19 a ts'oana le a feberu e tloaelehileng, e ka lebisang ho qala ha khohlela, feberu, phefumoloho e khutšoane le hlooho. Litlhahiso tsa WHO ke hore mang kapa mang ea nang le matšoao mme a kile a kopana le motho ea ka tšoaetsoang, ikopanye le ba boholong lefapheng la bophelo ho fumana hore na ba ka tsoela pele joang.

Sheba matšoao a mantlha a COVID-19 'me u nke liteko tsa rona tsa inthanete ho fumana hore na kotsi ea hau ke efe.

Tlhokomelo e akaretsang ho itšireletsa ho vaerase

Ha e le batho ba sa tšoaetsoang, litataiso ke haholo-holo ho leka ho itšireletsa khahlanong le ts'ilafalo e ka bang teng. Ts'ireletso ena e ka etsoa ka mehato e akaretsang khahlano le mofuta oa vaerase, e kenyeletsang:

1. Hlapa matsoho khafetsa ka sesepa le metsi bonyane metsotsoana e 20, haholoholo kamora ho kopana le motho ea ka bang a kula;
2. Qoba ho etela libakeng tsa sechaba khafetsa, ho koaloa ebile ho petetsane, joalo ka litsing tsa mabenkele kapa tsa boikoetliso, tse khethang ho lula hae halelele kamoo ho ka khonehang;
3. Koahela molomo le nko neng kapa neng ha u hloka ho khohlela kapa ho ethimola, a sebelisa sakatuku kapa seaparo se lahloang;
4. Qoba ho ama mahlo, nko le molomo;
5. Apara mask o itšireletsang haeba u kula, ho koahela nko le molomo oa hau neng kapa neng ha o hloka ho ba ka tlung kapa le batho ba bang;
6. Se arolelane lintho tsa hau e ka kopanang le marotholi a mathe kapa liphiri tsa phefumoloho, joalo ka lintho tse sehang, likhalase le borashe ba meno;
7. Qoba ho kopana le liphoofolo tse hlaha kapa mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa phoofolo o bonahalang o kula;
8. Boloka ka tlung ho na le moea o kenang hantle, e bula fensetere ho lumella moea ho potoloha;
9. Pheha lijo hantle pele u ja, haholo nama, le ho hlatsoa kapa ho ebola lijo tse sa hlokeng ho phehoa joalo ka litholoana.

Shebella video e latelang 'me u utloisise hantle hore na phetiso ea coronavirus e etsahala joang le hore na u ka itšireletsa joang:

1. Mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa lapeng

Nakong ea seoa, joalo ka ha ho etsahala ka COVID-19, ho ka etsahala hore ho khothalletsoe ho lula hae halelele kamoo ho ka khonehang, ho qoba ho petetsana bathong libakeng tsa sechaba, kaha sena se ka nolofalletsa phetiso ea vaerase.

Maemong a joalo, ho bohlokoa haholo ho ba le tlhokomelo e khethehileng lapeng ho sireletsa lelapa lohle, le kenyeletsang:

• Tlosa lieta le liaparo monyako oa ntlo, haholo-holo haeba u kile ua ba sebakeng sa sechaba le batho ba bangata;
• Hlapa matsoho pele u kena ka tlung kapa, haeba ho sa khonehe, hang kamora ho kena ka tlung;
• Hloekileng kamehla bokaholimo le lintho tse sebelisoang haholo, joalo ka litafole, li-counters, lits'oants'o tsa mamati, li-remote, kapa mehala ea thekeng. Bakeng sa ho hloekisa, ho ka sebelisoa sesepa se tloaelehileng kapa motsoako oa metsi a 250 ml ka khaba e le 'ngoe ea bleach (sodium hypochlorite). Ho hloekisa ho tlameha ho etsoa ka liatlana;
• Hlatsoa liaparo tse sebelisitsoeng kantle kapa tse bonahalang li silafetse. Se loketseng ke ho hlatsoa mocheso o phahameng ka ho fetisisa o khothalletsoang mofuta oa lesela sekoteng ka seng. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena ho eletsoa ho apara liatlana;
• Qoba ho arolelana lipoleiti, lisepa kapa likhalase le litho tsa lelapa, ho kenyelletsa ho arolelana lijo;
• Qoba ho tloaelana haufi le litho tsa lelapa, haholoholo ho ba hlokang ho ea libakeng tsa sechaba khafetsa, ba qoba ho aka kapa ho hakana nakong ea seoa se seholo.

Ntle le moo, ho bohlokoa ho boloka mehato eohle e akaretsang ea ho itšireletsa khahlanong le livaerase, joalo ka ho koahela nko le molomo ha u hloka ho khohlela kapa ho ethimola, hape le ho qoba ho petetsa batho ba bangata ka phapusing e le 'ngoe hae.

Haeba ho na le motho ea kulang ka tlung ho bohlokoa haholo ho ba le mehato e meng ea tšireletso, ho kanna ha hlokahala hore motho eo a beoe ka phapusing e ka thoko.

Mokhoa oa ho lokisa kamore ea ho itšehla thajana hae

Kamore ea ho itšehla thajana e sebeletsa ho arola batho ba kulang ho litho tse ling tsa malapa tse phetseng hantle, ho fihlela ngaka e lokolla kapa ho fihlela tlhahlobo ea coronavirus e nang le sephetho se fosahetseng. Ke hobane, joalo ka ha coronavirus e baka matšoao a kang a feberu kapa a batang, ha ho na mokhoa oa ho tseba hore na ke mang ea ka tšoaetsoang kapa che.

Kamore ea mofuta ona ha e hloke ho lokisoa ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, empa lemati le tlameha ho lula le koetsoe mme motho ea kulang ha a tlameha ho tsoa ka phapusing. Haeba ho hlokahala ho tsoa ho ea ka kamoreng ea ho hlapela, mohlala, ho bohlokoa hore mask o sebelisoe molemong oa hore motho a tsebe ho potoloha liphasejeng tsa ntlo. Qetellong, ntloana ea ho hlapela e tlameha ho hloekisoa le ho hlatsoa ka likokoana-hloko nako le nako ha e sebelisoa, haholo ntloana, shaoara le sinki.

Ka hare ho kamore, motho o tlameha ho boloka tlhokomelo e tšoanang e akaretsang, joalo ka ho sebelisa sakatuku se lahloang ho koahela molomo le nko neng le neng ha a hloka ho khohlela kapa ho thimola le ho hlatsoa kapa ho hlatsoa matsoho ka mehla. Ntho efe kapa efe e sebelisoang kahare ho phaposi, joalo ka lipoleiti, likhalase kapa lisepa, e tlameha ho tsamaisoa ka liatlana ebe e hlatsuoa hanghang, ka sesepa le metsi.

Ntle le moo, haeba motho ea phetseng hantle a hloka ho kena ka phapusing, o lokela ho hlapa matsoho pele le kamora ho ba ka phapusing, hape le ho sebelisa liatlana tse lahloang le mask.

Ke mang ea lokelang ho beoa ka phapusing e ka thoko

Kamore ea ho itšehla thajana e lokela ho sebelisoa bakeng sa batho ba kulang ba nang le matšoao a bobebe kapa a itekanetseng a ka alafshoang malapeng, joalo ka malaise e akaretsang, ho khohlela khafetsa le ho thimola, feberu e tlase kapa nko e tsoang.

Haeba motho a e-na le matšoao a matla haholo, a kang feberu e sa ntlafatseng kapa ho hema ka thata, ho bohlokoa haholo hore o ikopanye le ba boholong lefapheng la bophelo bo botle mme o latele likeletso tsa litsebi. Haeba ho khothalletsoa ho ea sepetlele, o lokela ho qoba ho sebelisa lipalangoang tsa sechaba mme o sebelise mask o lahloang kamehla.

2. Mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa mosebetsing

Nakong ea linako tsa seoa, joalo ka ka COVID-19, sepheo ke hore mosebetsi o etsoa malapeng ha ho khonahala. Leha ho le joalo, maemong ao hona ho ke keng ha khoneha, ho na le melao e meng e thusang ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho tšoaetsoa vaerase mosebetsing:

• Qoba ho kopana haufi-ufi le basebetsi-'moho ka ho aka kapa ho hakana;
• Ho kopa basebetsi ba kulang hore ba lule hae mme o seke wa ya mosebetsing. Ho joalo le ho batho ba nang le matšoao a tšimoloho e sa tsejoeng;
• Qoba ho pitla batho ba bangata likamoreng tse koetsoeng, mohlala, ka phaposing ea ho jela, ho fapanyetsana le batho ba fokolang ho ja lijo tsa mots'eare kapa seneke;
• Hlatsoa libaka tsohle tsa sebaka sa mosebetsi khafetsa, haholo litafole, litulo le lintho tsohle tsa mosebetsi, joalo ka likhomphutha kapa li-skrini. Bakeng sa ho hloekisa, ho ka sebelisoa sesepa se tloaelehileng kapa motsoako oa 250 ml ea metsi ka khaba e 1 ea bleach (sodium hypochlorite). Ho hloekisa ho tlameha ho etsoa ka liatlana tse lahloang.

Ho melao ena ho tlameha ho eketsoa tlhokomelo e akaretsang khahlanong le mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa vaerase, joalo ka ho boloka lifensetere li butsoe ha ho khonahala, ho lumella moea ho potoloha le ho hloekisa tikoloho.

3. U ka itšireletsa joang libakeng tsa sechaba

Joalo ka mosebetsing, libaka tsa sechaba le tsona li lokela ho sebelisoa ha ho hlokahala. Hona ho kenyelletsa ho ea 'marakeng kapa khemising ho ea reka korosari kapa moriana.

Libaka tse ling, joalo ka libaka tsa mabenkele, libaesekopo, litsi tsa boikoetliso, likhefi kapa mabenkele li lokela ho qojoa, kaha ha li nkuoe e le thepa ea bohlokoa ebile li ka lebisa ho bokellaneng ha batho.

Leha ho le joalo, haeba ho hlokahala ho ea sebakeng se seng sa sechaba ho bohlokoa ho fumana tlhokomelo e khethehileng, joalo ka:

• Lula nako e nyane kamoo ho ka khonehang setšeng, a tloha hang kamora ho phethela ho reka;
• Qoba ho sebelisa menyako ea matsoho ka matsoho, a sebelisa setsoe ho bula lemati ha ho khonahala;
• Hlapa matsoho pele o tloha sebakeng sa sechaba, ho qoba ho silafatsa koloi kapa ntlo;
• Fana ka khetho ho linako tse nang le batho ba fokolang.

Libaka tsa sechaba tse bulehileng le tse nang le moea o kenang hantle, joalo ka lirapeng tsa boikhathollo kapa lirapa, li ka sebelisoa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng bakeng sa ho itsamaela kapa ho ikoetlisa, empa ho bohlokoa ho qoba ho nka karolo mesebetsing ea sehlopha.

Seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba u belaelloa

Ho nkoa ho belaelloa ke ts'oaetso ke coronavirus e ncha, SARS-CoV-2, ha motho a kopane ka kotloloho le linyeoe tse netefalitsoeng kapa tse belaelloang tsa COVID-19 mme a na le matšoao a ts'oaetso, joalo ka ho khohlela ho matla, ho hema hanyane le ho phahama feberu.

Maemong ana, ho kgothaletswa hore motho a letsetse "Disque Saúde" mohala ka nomoro ea 136 kapa Whatsapp: (61) 9938-0031, ho fumana tataiso ho tsoa ho litsebi tsa bophelo Lefapheng. Haeba ho bontšoa hore e ea sepetlele ho ea etsa liteko le ho netefatsa hore e fumanoe, ho bohlokoa ho nka mehato ea ho qoba ho fetisetsa vaerase ho ba bang joalo ka:

• Apara mask o sireletsang;
• Koahela molomo le nko ka pampiri ea mahlahahlaha neng kapa neng ha u hloka ho khohlela kapa ho ethimola, u e lahle lithotobolong kamora ho e sebelisa;
• Qoba ho kopana ka kotloloho le batho ba bang, ka ho ama, ho sunana kapa ho haka;
• Hlapa matsoho pele u tsoa ka tlung le hang ha u fihla sepetlele;
• Qoba ho sebelisa lipalangoang tsa sechaba ho ea sepetlele kapa tleliniking ea bophelo bo botle;
• Qoba ho ba ka tlung le batho ba bang.

Ntle le moo, ho bohlokoa ho lemosa batho ba bileng haufi haholo matsatsing a 14 a fetileng, joalo ka ba lelapa le metsoalle, ka lipelaelo, hore batho bana le bona ba ele hloko ponahalo e ka bang teng ea matšoao.

Sepetlele le / kapa ts'ebeletso ea bophelo bo botle, motho ea belaelloang COVID-19 o tla beoa sebakeng se ka thoko ho thibela vaerase ho hasana, ebe liteko tse ling tsa mali, joalo ka PCR, tlhahlobo ea liphiri, li tla etsoa. le sefuba sa tomography, se sebeletsang ho khetholla mofuta oa vaerase e bakang matšoao, se siea ho itšehla thajana ha feela litholoana tsa liteko li le mpe bakeng sa COVID-19. Bona hore na tlhahlobo ea COVID-19 e etsoa joang.

Na ho khonahala ho fumana COVID-19 ho feta hanngoe?

Ho na le linyeoe tse tlalehiloeng tsa batho ba nkileng COVID-19 makhetlo a fetang a le mong, leha ho le joalo, mme ho latela CDC ^[2], motho ea neng a tšoaelitsoe pejana o ba le boits'ireletso ba tlhaho khahlanong le vaerase bonyane matsatsing a pele a 90, e leng ho fokotsang haholo menyetla ea ho tšoaetsoa bocha nakong eo.

Leha ho le joalo, leha o se o tšoaelitsoe, tataiso ke ho boloka mehato eohle e thusang ho thibela lefu lena, joalo ka ho hlapa matsoho khafetsa, ho roala mask o itšireletsang le ho lula hole le batho.

SARS-CoV-2 e phela nako e kae

Ho latela lipatlisiso tse phatlalalitsoeng ke sehlopha sa bafuputsi ba tsoang United States ka Hlakubele 2020 ^[1], ho fumanoe hore SARS-CoV-2, vaerase e ncha e tsoang Chaena, e khona ho phela libakeng tse ling ho fihlela matsatsi a 3, leha ho le joalo, nako ena e ka fapana ho latela thepa le maemo a tikoloho.

Kahoo, ka kakaretso, nako ea ho phela ea vaerase e bakang COVID-19 e bonahala e le:

• Tšepe le polasetiki: ho fihlela matsatsi a 3;
• Koporo: Dihora tse 4;
• Khateboto: Lihora tse 24;
• Ka mokhoa oa li-aerosol, ka mohlala, ka mor'a fogging, ho fihlela lihora tse 3.

Phuputso ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ikopanya le libaka tse nang le ts'oaetso hape e ka ba mofuta oa phetiso ea coronavirus e ncha, leha ho le joalo lipatlisiso li ea hlokahala ho netefatsa khopolo ena. Leha ho le joalo, ho hlokahala hore ho sebelisoe mehato ea boits'ireletso, joalo ka ho hlatsoa matsoho, tšebeliso ea joala ea joala le khafatso ea likokoana-hloko khafetsa e ka bang le ts'oaetso. Sesepa sena sa ts'oaetso se ka etsoa ka sesepa se tloaelehileng, 70% ea joala kapa motsoako oa 250 ml ea metsi ka khaba e le 'ngoe ea bleach (sodium hypochlorite).

Shebella video e latelang 'me u bone bohlokoa ba mehato ena ho thibela seoa sa vaerase:

Kamoo vaerase e amang mmele

Coronavirus e bakang COVID-19, e tsejoang ka hore ke SARS-CoV-2, e sa tsoa sibolloa mme, ka lebaka leo, ha e so hlake hore na e ka baka eng 'meleng.

Leha ho le joalo, hoa tsebahala hore, lihlopheng tse ling tse kotsing, ts'oaetso e ka baka matšoao a matla haholo a ka behang bophelo kotsing. Lihlopha tsena li kenyelletsa batho ba nang le boits'ireletso ba mmele bo fokolang joalo ka:

• Batho ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 65;
• Batho ba nang le mafu a sa foleng a kang lefu la tsoekere, ho hema kapa mathata a pelo;
• Batho ba nang le ho hloleha ha liphio;
• Batho ba etsa kalafo ea mofuta o itseng e amang sesole sa 'mele, joalo ka chemotherapy;
• Batho ba fetisitsoeng.

Lihlopheng tsena, coronavirus e ncha e bonahala e baka matšoao a ts'oanang le a pneumonia, lefu la ho hema la Middle East (MERS) kapa lefu le matla la ho hema (SARS), le hlokang kalafo e matla sepetlele.

Ntle le moo, bakuli ba bang ba folisitsoeng ho COVID-19 ba bonahala ba bontša matšoao a kang mokhathala o feteletseng, bohloko ba mesifa le ho thatafalloa ho robala, leha ba se ba tlositse coronavirus 'meleng oa bona, bothata bo bitsoang lefu la post-COVID. Shebella video e latelang haholoanyane ka lefu lena:

Ka har'a rona podcast Ngaka ea Dr. Mirca Ocanhas o hlakisa lipelaelo tsa mantlha mabapi le bohlokoa ba ho matlafatsa matšoafo ho qoba mathata a COVID-19: