Makhopho

Makhopho a sefahleho ke boemo ba letlalo bo bakang lihloba kapa "likhahla." Whiteheads, blackheads, and red, patches inflamed of skin (joalo ka li-cysts) li ka hlaha.

Makhopho a hlaha ha masoba a manyane a letlalo a koaleha. Masoba ana a bitsoa masoba.

• Pore ​​e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e bula follicle. Follicle e na le moriri le tšoelesa ea oli. Oli e hlahisoang ke tšoelesa e thusa ho tlosa lisele tsa khale tsa letlalo le ho boloka letlalo la hao le le bonolo.
• Litšoelesa li ka koaloa ka motsoako kapa lisele tsa oli le letlalo, thiba e bitsoa plug kapa comedone. Haeba bokaholimo ba polaka bo le bosoeu, bo bitsoa whitehead. E bitsoa hlooho e ntšo haeba bokaholimo ba polaka bo le lefifi.
• Haeba libaktheria li qabeletsoe ka polakeng, sesole sa 'mele se ka' na sa arabela ho sona, sa baka lihloba.
• Makhopho a makhopho a letlalo a ka baka li-cysts tse thata, tse bohloko. Sena se bitsoa makhopho a nodulocystic.

Makhopo a tloaelehile haholo ho bacha, empa mang kapa mang a ka ba le makhopho, esita le masea. Bothata bo atisa ho sebetsa ka malapeng.

Lintho tse ling tse ka bakang makhopho li kenyelletsa:

• Liphetoho tsa lihormone tse etsang hore letlalo le be mafura. Tsena li kanna tsa amana le ho kena bohlankaneng kapa boroetsaneng, ho ilela khoeli, ho ima, lipilisi tsa thibelo ea bokhachane kapa khatello ea maikutlo.
• Lihlahisoa tse mafura kapa tse mafura le litlolo tsa moriri.
• Lithethefatsi tse ling (joalo ka li-steroid, testosterone, estrogen, le phenytoin). Lisebelisoa tsa ho thibela kemolo, tse kang li-IUD tse nang le lithethefatsi, li ka mpefatsa makhopho.
• Ho fufuleloa haholo le mongobo.
• Ho ama letlalo haholo, ho phomola kapa ho hohla.

Lipatlisiso ha li bontše hore chokolete, linate le lijo tse mafura li baka makhopho. Leha ho le joalo, lijo tse nang le tsoekere e ngata e hloekisitsoeng kapa lihlahisoa tsa lebese li kanna tsa amana le makhopho ho batho ba bang, empa khokahano ena e baka likhang.

Makhopho a sefahleho a hlaha hangata sefahlehong le mahetleng. E ka boela ea hlaha kutu, matsoho, maoto le likoti. Liphetoho tsa letlalo li kenyelletsa:

• Ho sosobana ha makukuno a letlalo
• Likokoana-hloko
• Papules (maqhutsu a manyane a khubelu)
• Li-pustules (makhopho a manyane a khubelu a nang le boladu bo bosoeu kapa bosehla)
• Bofubelu bo pota-potileng letlalo
• Ho phatloha hoa letlalo
• Whiteheads
• Li-blackheads

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka tseba makhopho ka ho sheba letlalo la hao. Ho etsa liteko ha ho hlokahale maemong a mangata. Tloaelo ea baktheria e ka etsoa ka mekhoa e itseng ea makhopho kapa ho thibela tšoaetso haeba maqhubu a maholo a boladu a ntse a tsoela pele.

BOITHATELO

Mehato eo u ka e nkang ho thusa makhopho a hau:

• Hlatsoa letlalo ka bonolo ka sesepa se bonolo, se sa hlatsoeng (joalo ka Leeba, Neutrogena, Cetaphil, CeraVe, kapa Basics).
• Batla litlatsetso tse thehiloeng metsing kapa "noncomedogenic" bakeng sa litlolo le litlolo tsa letlalo. (Lihlahisoa tse sa etsoang ka tlhaho li 'nile tsa lekoa' me ha pakoa hore ha li koale masoba le ho baka makhopho ho batho ba bangata.)
• Tlosa litšila kapa litlolo. Hlatsoa hang kapa habeli ka letsatsi, ho kenyeletsoa kamora ho ikoetlisa.
• Qoba ho hlatsoa kapa ho hlatsoa letlalo khafetsa.
• Hlatsoa moriri letsatsi le leng le le leng, haholo haeba o na le oli.
• Kopanya kapa ho hula moriri oa hau ho boloka moriri o tsoa sefahlehong sa hau.

Se sa lokelang ho se etsa:

• Leka ho se pepeta ka mabifi, ho ngoapa, ho khetha, kapa ho hohla lihloba. Sena se ka lebisa ho tšoaetso ea letlalo, ho fola butle, le ho hlaba.
• Qoba ho roala mabanta a thata a roaloang hloohong, likatiba tsa baseball le likatiba tse ling.
• Qoba ho ama sefahleho sa hau ka matsoho kapa menoana.
• Qoba litlolo kapa litlolo tse mafura.
• U SE KE UA tlohela litlolo ka bosiu bo le bong.

Haeba mehato ena e sa tlose likoli, leka litlhare tsa makhopho tse u li rekisang letlalong. Latela litaelo ka hloko 'me u sebelise lihlahisoa tsena hanyane.

• Lihlahisoa tsena li ka ba le benzoyl peroxide, sebabole, resorcinol, adapalene, kapa salicylic acid.
• Li sebetsa ka ho bolaea libaktheria, ho omisa oli ea letlalo, kapa ho etsa hore karolo e kaholimo ea letlalo la hao e ebole.
• Li ka baka ho ba khubelu, ho omisa kapa ho ebola ho feteletseng ha letlalo.
• Hlokomela hore benzoyl peroxide e nang le litokisetso e ka soeufatsa kapa ea ntša lithaole le liaparo.

Ho pepesehela letsatsi hanyane ho ka ntlafatsa makhopho hanyane, empa ho fifala hangata ho pata makhopho. Ha ho khothaletsoe ho pepesehela khanya ea letsatsi haholo kapa mahlaseli a li-ultraviolet hobane e eketsa kotsi ea makhopo le mofetše oa letlalo.

LITLHAKU TSE TSOANG MONGOLI OA TLHOKOMELISO EA BOPHELO

Haeba lihloba li ntse li le bothata, mofani oa thepa a ka u fa meriana e matla ho feta moo 'me a buisana le uena ka mekhoa e meng eo u ka e khethang.

Lithibela-mafu li ka thusa batho ba bang ba nang le makhopho:

• Likokoana-hloko tsa molomo (tse nkiloeng ka molomo) tse kang tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole le amoxicillin
• Likokoana-hloko tsa lihlooho (tse sebelisitsoeng letlalong) tse kang clindamycin, erythromycin, kapa dapsone

Litlolo kapa li-gel tse sebelisitsoeng letlalong li ka laeloa:

• Lihlahisoa tsa vithamine A tse kang tranelate ea asiti kapa gel (tretinoin, tazarotene)
• Mefuta ea ngaka ea benzoyl peroxide, sebabole, resorcinol, kapa salicylic acid
• Lihlooho tsa azelaic tsa lihlooho

Bakeng sa basali bao makhopho a bakoang kapa a mpefatsoa ke lihormone:

• Pilisi e bitsoang spironolactone e ka thusa.
• Lipilisi tsa thibelo ea bokhachane li ka thusa maemong a mang, leha li ka mpefatsa makhopho ho basali ba bang.

Mekhoa e fokolang ea kalafo le eona e ka thusa:

• Phekolo ea Photodynamic e ka sebelisoa. Ena ke kalafo moo k'hemik'hale e sebelisoang ke khanya e putsoa e sebelisetsoang letlalong, e lateloe ke ho pepesehela leseli.
• Mofani oa hau a ka 'na a fana ka tlhahiso ea hore letlalo le hlajoe; ho tlosoa ha mabali ka dermabrasion; kapa ho tlosa, drainage, kapa ente ea cysts ka cortisone.

Batho ba nang le cystic acne le scarring ba ka leka moriana o bitsoang isotretinoin. U tla shebeloa haufi ha u noa moriana ona ka lebaka la litla-morao tsa ona.

Bakhachane HA BA LOKELA ho nka isotretinoin, hobane e baka litšitiso tse matla tsa tsoalo.

• Basali ba sebelisang isotretinoin ba tlameha ho sebelisa mefuta e 2 ea thibelo ea bokhachane pele ba qala sethethefatsi le ho ingolisa lenaneong la iPledge.
• Banna le bona ba hloka ho ngolisoa lenaneong la iPledge.
• Mofani oa hau o tla u latela sehlareng sena mme o tla etsa liteko tsa mali khafetsa.

Boholo ba nako, makhopho a tsoa kamora lilemo tsa bocha, empa a kanna a ba lilemo tse bohareng. Boemo bona hangata bo arabela hantle kalafong, empa likarabo li ka nka libeke tse 6 ho isa ho tse 8, 'me makhopho a ka hlaha khafetsa nako le nako.

Ho ka hlaha makhopho haeba makhopho a sa phekoleheng. Batho ba bang ba tepella haholo maikutlong ha makhopho a sa alafuoe.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba:

• Mehato ea ho itlhokomela le meriana e rekisoang ha li u thuse kamora likhoeli tse 'maloa.
• Makhopho a hao a mabe haholo (ka mohlala, u na le bofubelu bo bongata ho pota lihloba, kapa u na le li-cysts).
• Makhopho a hao a ntse a mpefala.
• U ba le mabali ha makhopho a hao a hlaka.
• Makhopho a sefahleho a baka khatello ea maikutlo.

Haeba lesea la hao le na le makhopho, letsetsa mofani oa lesea haeba makhopho a sa itlhahise ka bohona nakong ea likhoeli tse tharo.

Makhopho a makhopho; Maqoqomete cystic; Lihloba; Linoko

• Makhopho a masea
• Makhopho - ho koala liso tsa pustular
• Li-blackheads (li-comedones)
• Makhopho - cystic sefubeng
• Makhopho - cystic sefahlehong
• Makhopho - vulgaris ka morao
• Makhopho a sefahleho ka morao
• Makhopho

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Habif TP. Makhopho, roacea le mathata a amanang le ona. Ka: Habif TP, e hlophisitsoeng. Kalafi ea Dermatology. La 6th. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 7.

James WD, Elston DM, Tšoara JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Makhopho. Ka: James WD, Elston DM, Tšoara JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Andrews ’Maloetse a Letlalo: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 13.

Kim WE. Makhopho. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM ,, eds. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 689.