Melasma

Melasma ke boemo ba letlalo bo bakang matlalo a letlalo le lefifi libakeng tsa sefahleho tse pepesitsoeng ke letsatsi.

Melasma ke lefu le tloaelehileng la letlalo. Hangata e hlaha ho basali ba banyane ba nang le molumo oa letlalo le sootho, empa e ka ama mang kapa mang.

Melasma hangata e amahanngoa le li-hormone tsa basali estrogen le progesterone. Ho tloaelehile ho:

• Bakhachane
• Basali ba noang lipilisi tsa thibelo ea bokhachane
• Basali ba noang kalafo ea li-hormone (HRT) nakong ea ho ilela khoeli.

Ho ba letsatsing ho etsa hore melasma e be teng haholo. Bothata bo atile haholo libakeng tsa tropike.

Letšoao feela la melasma ke phetoho ea 'mala oa letlalo. Leha ho le joalo, phetoho ena ea 'mala e ka baka khatello ea maikutlo ka chebahalo ea hau.

Hangata liphetoho tsa 'mala oa letlalo ke tse sootho le ho feta. Hangata li hlaha marameng, phatleng, nkong, kapa molomong o kaholimo. Matheba a lefifi hangata a tsamaellana.

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla sheba letlalo la hau ho fumana bothata. Ho hlahloba haufi-ufi ho sebelisa sesebelisoa se bitsoang lebone la Wood (se sebelisang khanya ea mahlaseli a kotsi) ho ka thusa ho tataisa kalafo ea hau.

Kalafo e ka kenyelletsa:

• Litlolo tse nang le lintho tse ling ho ntlafatsa ponahalo ea melasma
• Likokoana-hloko tsa lik'hemik'hale kapa litlolo tsa lihlooho tsa steroid
• Litlhare tsa laser ho tlosa pigment e lefifi haeba melasma e le matla
• Ho emisa meriana ea lihormone e kanna ea baka bothata
• Meriana e nooang ka molomo

Melasma hangata e fela ka likhoeli tse 'maloa ka mor'a hore u khaotse ho noa meriana ea li-hormone kapa bokhachane bo fela. Bothata bo ka khutla nakong ea bokhachane bo tlang kapa haeba o sebelisa meriana ena hape. E kanna ea khutla ho tsoa letsatsing.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u fifala sefahleho se sa tloheng.

Tsela e molemohali ea ho theola kotsi ea hau bakeng sa melasma ka lebaka la ho pepeseha ha letsatsi ke ho sireletsa letlalo la hau letsatsing le khanya ea UV (UV).

Lintho tseo u ka li etsang ho fokotsa khanya ea hau ea letsatsi li kenyeletsa:

• Apara liaparo tse kang likatiba, lihempe tse matsoho a malelele, mese e melelele kapa borikhoe.
• Leka ho qoba ho ba letsatsing motšehare, ha khanya ea ultraviolet e le matla haholo.
• Sebelisa li-sunscreen tsa boleng bo holimo, haholo-holo ka lintlha tsa sun protection factor (SPF) bonyane 30. Khetha setlolo se sireletsang letsatsi se pharaletseng se thibelang khanya ea UVA le UVB.
• Tlotsa setlolo se sireletsang letlalo pele u ea letsatsing, 'me u se kope hangata - bonyane lihora tse ling le tse ling tse peli ha u le letsatsing.
• Sebelisa setlolo se sireletsang letlalo letsatsing selemo ho pota, ho kenyeletsoa le mariha.
• Qoba mabone a letsatsi, libethe tsa letlalo, le libaka tsa ho hloekisa letlalo.

Lintho tse ling tseo u lokelang ho li tseba ka ho pepeseha ha letsatsi:

• Ho pepeseha ha letsatsi ho matla lipakeng kapa haufi le tsona tse bontšang leseli, joalo ka metsi, lehlabathe, konkreite le libaka tse pentiloeng bosoeu.
• Khanya ea letsatsi e matla haholo qalong ea lehlabula.
• Letlalo le chesa kapele libakeng tse phahameng.

Chloasma; Mask ea bokhachane; Mask ea bokhachane

Dinulos JGH.Maloetse a amanang le leseli le mathata a 'mala. Ka: Dinulos JGH, e hlophisitsoeng. Habit's Clinical Dermatology. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021: khaolo ea 19.

James WD, Elston DM, Tšoara JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM. Litšitiso tsa 'mala. Ka: James WD, Elston DM, Tšoara JR, Rosenbach MA, Neuhaus IM, eds. Andrews ’Maloetse a Letlalo: Clinical Dermatology. 13th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 36.