Mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung

Bothata ba ho itšireletsa mafung bo hlaha ha sesole sa 'mele se hlasela le ho senya lisele tsa' mele tse phetseng hantle ka phoso. Ho na le mefuta e fetang 80 ea mathata a ikemetseng.

Lisele tsa mali tse itšireletsang mafung li thusa ho itšireletsa linthong tse kotsi. Mehlala e kenyelletsa libaktheria, livaerase, chefo, lisele tsa mofetše le mali le lisele tse tsoang kantle ho mmele. Lintho tsena li na le li-antigen. Masole a mmele a hlahisa masole a mmele a lwantshang di-antigen tsena tse a kgontshang ho senya dintho tsena tse kotsi.

Ha o e-na le bothata ba ho itšireletsa mafung, sesole sa hau sa 'mele ha se khetholle lipakeng tsa lisele tse phetseng hantle le li-antigen tse ka bang kotsi. Ka lebaka leo, 'mele o hlahisa karabelo e senyang lisele tse tloaelehileng.

Lebaka le tobileng la mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung ha le tsejoe. Khopolo e 'ngoe ke hore likokoana-hloko tse ling (joalo ka libaktheria kapa livaerase) kapa lithethefatsi li ka baka liphetoho tse ferekanyang sesole sa' mele. Sena se ka etsahala khafetsa ho batho ba nang le liphatsa tsa lefutso tse ba etsang hore ba tloaelane haholo le mathata a boits'oaro.

Bothata ba ho itšireletsa mafung bo ka baka:

• Ho senyeha ha lisele tsa 'mele
• Khōlo e sa tloaelehang ea setho
• Liphetoho ts'ebetsong ea setho

Bothata ba ho itšireletsa mafung bo ka ama mofuta o le mong kapa ho feta kapa mefuta ea lisele. Libaka tse atisang ho angoa ke mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung li kenyelletsa:

• Methapo ea mali
• Lisele tse kopaneng
• Litšoelesa tsa endocrine tse kang qoqotho kapa manyeme
• Manonyeletso
• Mesifa
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali
• Letlalo

Motho a ka ba le mathata a fetang a le mong a ho itšireletsa mafung ka nako e le 'ngoe. Mathata a tloaelehileng a ho itšireletsa mafung a kenyeletsa:

• Lefu la Addison
• Lefu la Celiac - sprue (enteropathy e nang le bothata ba gluten)
• Dermatomyositis
• Lefu la mabitla
• Hashimoto thyroiditis
• Multiple sclerosis
• Myasthenia gravis
• Phokolo ea mali e tšabehang
• Ho itšireletsa mafung
• Ramatiki ea ramatiki
• Sjögren lefu
• Sesebelisoa sa lupus erythematosus
• Mofuta oa I lefu la tsoekere

Matšoao a tla fapana, ho ipapisitsoe le mofuta le sebaka sa karabelo e fosahetseng ea boits'ireletso ba mmele. Matšoao a tloaelehileng a kenyelletsa:

• Mokhathala
• Feberu
• Boikutlo bo tloaelehileng ba ho kula (malaise)
• Bohloko bo kopaneng
• Moferefere

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Matšoao a ipapisitse le mofuta oa lefu.

Liteko tse ka etsoang ho fumana lefu la autoimmune li kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa antinuclear antibody
• Liteko tsa Autoantibody
• CBC
• Phanele e akaretsang ea metabolic
• Protheine ea C-reactive (CRP)
• Sekhahla sa sedimentation sa Erythrocyte (ESR)
• Ho hlahloba urinal

Morero oa kalafo ke ho:

• Laola ts'ebetso ea boits'oaro
• Boloka bokhoni ba 'mele ba ho loantša mafu
• Fokotsa matšoao

Kalafo e tla itšetleha ka lefu le matšoao a hau. Mefuta ea kalafo e kenyelletsa:

• Lisebelisoa bakeng sa ho nkela ntho eo 'mele o se nang eona, e kang hormone ea qoqotho, vithamine B12, kapa insulin, ka lebaka la lefu la ho itšireletsa mafung
• Litšelo tsa mali haeba mali a amehile
• Phekolo ea 'mele ho thusa ka ho sisinyeha haeba masapo, manonyeletso kapa mesifa e amehile

Batho ba bangata ba noa meriana ho fokotsa karabelo e sa tloaelehang ea boits'ireletso ba mmele. Hangata tsena li bitsoa litlhare tse itšireletsang mafung. Mehlala e kenyelletsa li-corticosteroids (joalo ka prednisone) le lithethefatsi tse seng tsa steroid tse kang azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate, sirolimus, kapa tacrolimus. Lithethefatsi tse lebisitsoeng joalo ka li-block block tsa tumor necrosis factor (TNF) le Interleukin inhibitors li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa mafu a mang.

Sephetho se ipapisitse le lefu lena. Maloetse a mangata a ikemetseng a sa foleng, empa a mangata a ka laoloa ka kalafo.

Matšoao a mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung a ka itlela feela. Ha matšoao a mpefala, e bitsoa flare-up.

Mathata a ipapisitse le lefu lena. Meriana e sebelisetsoang ho hatella sesole sa 'mele e ka baka litla-morao tse matla, joalo ka kotsi e kholo ea tšoaetso.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u ba le matšoao a lefu le ikemetseng.

Ha ho na thibelo e tsebahalang bakeng sa mathata a mangata a mmele.

• Lefu la mabitla
• Lefu la Hashimoto (chronic thyroiditis)
• Multiple sclerosis
• Ramatiki ea ramatiki
• Ramatiki ea ramatiki
• Sesebelisoa sa lupus erythematosus
• Mokelikeli oa synovial
• Ramatiki ea ramatiki
• Masole a mmele

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Mofumahali Peakman M, Buckland MS. Masole a mmele le malwetse. Ka: Kumar P, Clark M, bahlophisi. Bongaka ba Bongaka ba Kumar le Clarke. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 8.

Mariha WE, Harris NS, Merkel KL, Collinsworth AL, Clapp WL. Maloetse a ikhethileng a mmele. Ka: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, bahlophisi. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis le Tsamaiso ka Mekhoa ea Laboraro. La bo23 la ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 54.