Leqeba

Leqeba le hlaha ha phallo ea mali e ea karolong e itseng ea boko e emisa. Ka linako tse ling stroke se bitsoa "hlaselo ea boko."

Haeba phallo ea mali e khaotsoe nako e telele ho feta metsotsoana e seng mekae, boko bo ke ke ba fumana limatlafatsi le oksijene. Lisele tsa boko li ka shoa, tsa baka tšenyo e tšoarellang.

Leqeba le ka hlaha ha methapo ea mali e ka hare bokong e phatloha, e lebisang ho tsoa mali ka hare ho hlooho.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea stroke:

• Leqeba la Ischemic
• Leqeba la ho tsoa mali

Leqeba la Ischemic le hlaha ha methapo ea mali e fanang ka mali bokong e koetsoe ke leqhubu la mali.Sena se ka etsahala ka mekhoa e 'meli:

• Lera le ka hlaha ka mothapong o seng o le mosesane haholo. Sena se bitsoa stroke e nyarosang.
• Lera le ka 'na la tsoa sebakeng se seng methapong ea mali ea boko, kapa karolong e' ngoe ea 'mele,' me la nyolohela bokong. Hona ho bitsoa "cerebral embolism", kapa "stroke" se emelang.

Leqeba la Ischemic le lona le ka bakoa ke ntho e khomarelang e bitsoang plaque e ka koalang methapo.

Leqeba le tsoang mali le hlaha ha methapo ea mali karolong e itseng ea boko e fokola ebe e phatloha. Sena se etsa hore mali a lutle bokong. Batho ba bang ba na le liphoso methapong ea mali ea boko e etsang hore sena se be bonolo. Liphoso tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

• Aneurysm (sebaka se fokolang leboteng la methapo ea mali e etsang hore methapo ea mali e thunye kapa balune e tsoe)
• Matšoao a arteriovenous (AVM; khokahano e sa tloaelehang lipakeng tsa methapo le methapo)
• Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA; boemo boo liprotheine tse bitsoang amyloid li hahang maboteng a methapo bokong)

Ho otloa ke mali ho ka boela ha etsahala ha motho e mong a nka li-thinner tsa mali, tse kang warfarin (Coumadin). Khatello ea mali e phahameng haholo e ka etsa hore methapo ea mali e phatlohe, e lebisang ho stroke e tsoang mali.

Leqeba la ischemic le ka tsoa mali mme la fetoha leqeba le tsoang mali.

Khatello ea mali e phahameng ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong e bakang lipolao. Lisosa tse ling tse kholo tsa kotsi ke:

• Ho otla ha pelo ho sa tloaelehang, ho bitsoang atrial fibrillation
• Lefu la tsoekere
• Nalane ea lelapa ea stroke
• Ho ba monna
• Cholesterol e phahameng
• Ho eketsa lilemo, haholoholo kamora lilemo tse 55
• Morabe (Maafrika a Amerika a na le monyetla oa ho bolaoa ke seterouku)
• Botenya
• Nalane ea tlhaselo ea pejana kapa tlhaselo ea nakoana ea tlhaho (e etsahala ha phallo ea mali e ea karolong e itseng ea boko e emisa nakoana)

Kotsi ea stroke e boetse e phahame ka:

• Batho ba nang le lefu la pelo kapa phallo e mpe ea mali maotong a bona a bakoang ke methapo e menyenyane
• Batho ba nang le mekhoa e metle ea bophelo bo joalo ka ho tsuba, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea joala, ba sebelisang lithethefatsi tsa boithabiso, lijo tse mafura a mangata, le ho hloka boikoetliso
• Basali ba noang lipilisi tsa thibelo ea bokhachane (haholo-holo ba tsubang le ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 35)
• Basali ba nang le bakhachane ba na le kotsi e kholo ha ba le moimana
• Basali ba sebelisang kalafo ea li-hormone
• Patent foramen ovale (PFO), lesoba lipakeng tsa atria le letšehali le le letona (likamore tse holimo) tsa pelo

Matšoao a stroke a latela hore na ke karolo efe ea boko e senyehileng. Maemong a mang, motho a kanna a se tsebe hore stroke se hlahile.

Boholo ba nako, matšoao a hlaha hanghang ntle le temoso. Empa matšoao a ka hlaha le ho tima letsatsi la pele kapa a mabeli. Matšoao a lula a le matla haholo ha stroke se qala ho etsahala, empa se ka mpefala butle butle.

Ho ka ba le hlooho e bohloko haeba seterouku se bakoa ke ho tsoa mali bokong. Hlooho:

• E qala ka tšohanyetso mme e kanna ea ba matla
• E kanna ea ba mpe le ho feta ha o rapaletse
• E u tsosa borokong
• Hoa mpefala ha u fetola maemo kapa ha u koba, u imeloa kapa u khohlela

Matšoao a mang a latela hore na setorouku se matla hakae, mme ke karolo efe ea boko e amehang. Matšoao a ka kenyelletsa:

• Fetola tlhokomeliso (ho kenyelletsa boroko, ho akheha le ho akheha)
• Liphetoho kutlo kapa tatso
• Liphetoho tse amang ho ama le bokhoni ba ho utloa bohloko, khatello, kapa mocheso o fapaneng
• Pherekano kapa tahlehelo ea mohopolo
• Mathata a ho metsa
• Mathata a ho ngola kapa ho bala
• Botsoa kapa maikutlo a sa tloaelehang a ho sisinyeha (vertigo)
• Mathata a mahlo, a kang ho fokotseha ha pono, pono e habeli, kapa ho felloa ke pono ka botlalo
• Ho hloka taolo holim'a senya kapa mala
• Ho lahleheloa ke botsitso kapa khokahano, kapa bothata ba ho tsamaea
• Bofokoli ba mesifa sefahlehong, letsohong kapa leotong (hangata ka lehlakoreng le leng)
• Ho ba lerootho kapa ho hlohlona ka lehlakoreng le leng la 'mele
• Botho, maikutlo, kapa liphetoho tsa maikutlo
• Ho ba le bothata ba ho bua kapa ho utloisisa ba bang ba buang

Ngaka e tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele ho:

• Lekola mathata ka pono, motsamao, maikutlo, maikutlo, kutloisiso le ho bua. Ngaka le baoki ba hau ba tla pheta tlhahlobo ena ha nako e ntse e feta ho bona hore na stroke sa hao se ntse se mpefala kapa sea ntlafala.
• Mamela methapo ea carotid e molaleng ka stethoscope bakeng sa molumo o sa tloaelehang, o bitsoang bruit, o bakoang ke phallo e sa tloaelehang ea mali.
• Hlahloba khatello e phahameng ea mali.

U kanna oa ba le liteko tse latelang ho thusa ho fumana mofuta, sebaka, le sesosa sa seterouku le ho felisa mathata a mang:

• Tlhatlhobo ea CT ea boko ho bona hore na ha ho na mali
• MRI ea boko ho tseba hore na stroke se hokae
• Angiogram ea hlooho ho batla methapo ea mali e thibetsoeng kapa e tsoang mali
• Carotid duplex (ultrasound) ho bona hore na methapo ea carotid e molaleng oa hau e fokotsehile
• Echocardiogram ho bona hore na stroke se ka ba se bakiloe ke mali a tsoang pelong
• Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) kapa CT angiography ho lekola methapo e sa tloaelehang ea mali bokong

Liteko tse ling li kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa mali
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) ho fumana hore na ho na le ho oa
• Electrocardiogram (ECG) le ho lekola morethetho oa pelo

Leqeba ke tšohanyetso ea bongaka. Kalafo e potlakileng ea hlokahala. Letsetsa 911 kapa nomoro ea ts'ohanyetso ea lehae hanghang kapa o batle tlhokomelo ea bongaka e potlakileng matšoao a pele a stroke.

Batho ba nang le matšoao a stroke ba hloka ho ea sepetlele kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.

• Haeba setorouku se bakoa ke leqhubu la mali, ho ka fanoa ka moriana o qhekellang ho qhala lekhalo.
• E le hore e sebetse, kalafo ena e tlameha ho qalisoa nakong ea lihora tse 3 ho isa ho tse 4 ho isa ho tse 2 ho tloha ha matšoao a qala. Hang ha kalafo ena e qala, ho ba le monyetla o motle oa ho ba le litholoana tse ntle.

Mefuta e meng ea kalafo e fuoang sepetlele e ipapisitse le sesosa sa stroke. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

• Li-thinner tsa mali tse kang heparin, warfarin (Coumadin), aspirin, kapa clopidogrel (Plavix)
• Meriana ea ho laola maemo a kotsi, joalo ka khatello e phahameng ea mali, lefu la tsoekere le cholesterol e phahameng
• Mekhoa e ikhethileng kapa ho buuoa ho fokotsa matšoao kapa ho thibela stroke
• Metsoako le maro

Phekolo ea 'mele, kalafo ea mosebetsing, kalafo ea ho bua le kalafo ea ho metsa kaofela li tla qala sepetlele. Haeba motho a e-na le mathata a matla a ho koenya, ho tla hlokahala phala ea ho fepa ka mpeng (gastrostomy tube).

Morero oa kalafo kamora ho otloa ke seterouku ke ho u thusa ho hlaphoheloa tšebetsong e ngata kamoo ho ka khonehang le ho thibela likotlo tse tlang.

Ho hlaphoheloa ke stroke ho tla qala ha u ntse u le sepetlele kapa setsing sa tlhabollo. E tla tsoelapele ha o khutlela hae ho tsoa sepetlele kapa setsing. Etsa bonnete ba hore o tla latela mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba hau ha u se u ea hae.

Ts'ehetso le lisebelisoa li teng ho tsoa ho American Stroke Association - www.stroke.org/en/help-and-support.

Hore na motho o etsa hantle hakae kamora stroke o ipapisitse le:

• Mofuta oa stroke
• Ke lisele tse kae tsa boko tse senyehileng
• Ke mesebetsi efe ea 'mele e amehileng
• Kalafo e fanoa kapele hakae

Mathata a ho tsamaea, ho nahana le ho bua hangata a ntlafala libekeng ho isa ho likhoeli kamora ho hlaseloa ke stroke.

Batho ba bangata ba nang le stroke ba tla lula ba ntlafala likhoeling kapa lilemo kamora ho otloa ke pelo.

Batho ba fetang halofo ea batho ba nang le stroke ba khona ho sebetsa le ho lula hae. Ba bang ha ba khone ho itlhokomela.

Haeba kalafo ea lithethefatsi tse koalang seaparo se atlehile, matšoao a stroke a ka fela. Leha ho le joalo, hangata batho ha ba fihle sepetlele kapele ho fumana meriana ena, kapa ba sitoa ho noa meriana ena ka lebaka la boemo bo botle ba bophelo.

Batho ba nang le stroke ho tsoa maling a mali (ischemic stroke) ba na le monyetla o motle oa ho phela ho feta ba nang le stroke ho tsoa mali bokong (stroke se hemorrhagic).

Kotsi ea ho hlaseloa ke lefu la bobeli e phahame ka ho fetisisa libeke kapa likhoeli ka mor'a lefu la pele. Kotsi e qala ho fokotseha kamora nako ena.

Stroke ke tšohanyetso ea bongaka e hlokang ho phekoloa hang-hang. Khutsufatso F.A.S.T. ke tsela e bonolo ea ho hopola matšoao a stroke le seo u lokelang ho se etsa haeba u nahana hore setorouku se etsahetse. Khato ea bohlokoahali eo u lokelang ho e nka ke ho letsetsa 911 kapa nomoro ea lehae ea maemo a tšohanyetso hang hang bakeng sa thuso ea maemo a tšohanyetso.

Mokhukhu e emetse:

• SEFAHLEHO. Kopa motho eo hore a bososele. Lekola hore na lehlakore le leng la sefahleho le theohile.
• MAHLOMOLA. Kopa motho eo hore a phahamise matsoho ka bobeli. Bona hore na letsoho le leng le ruruhela tlase.
• PUO. Kopa motho eo hore a phete polelo e bonolo. Hlahloba hore na mantsoe a khutsisitsoe le hore na polelo e phetoa ka nepo.
• NAKO. Haeba motho a bontša leha e le lefe la matšoao ana, nako ea hlokahala. Ho bohlokoa ho fihla sepetlele kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Letsetsa 911 kapa nomoro ea lehae ea tšohanyetso. Molao F.A.S.T.

Ho fokotsa lisosa tsa ts'oaetso ea hau ho fokotsa menyetla ea hau ea ho ba le stroke.

Lefu la methapo; CVA; Infarction ea boko; Ho tsoa mali bokong; Leqeba la Ischemic; Leqeba - ischemic; Kotsi ea methapo ea pelo; Leqeba - hemorrhagic; Mothapo oa Carotid - stroke

• Ho beoa ha Angioplasty le stent - mothapo oa carotid - ho tsoa
• Ho ba mafolofolo ha o na le lefu la pelo
• Ho lokisa aneurysm ea boko - ho tsoa
• Botoro, majarine le oli ea ho pheha
• Ho hlokomela mesifa ea ho hahaba kapa ho kobeha
• Ho buuoa ka methapo ea Carotid - ho tsoa
• Ho buisana le motho ea nang le aphasia
• Ho buisana le motho ea nang le dysarthria
• Ho patoa - ho itlhokomela
• Dementia le ho khanna
• Dementia - boitšoaro le mathata a boroko
• Dementia - tlhokomelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi
• Dementia - ho ipoloka o bolokehile ka lapeng
• Dementia - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Ho ja likhalori tse eketsehileng ha u kula - batho ba baholo
• Hlooho - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Khatello ea mali e phahameng - seo u lokelang ho se botsa ngaka ea hau
• Ho thibela ho oa
• Stroke - ho tsoa
• Ho metsa mathata

• Boko
• Carotid stenosis - X-ray ea methapo ea letsohong le letšehali
• Carotid stenosis - X-ray ea mothapo o nepahetseng
• Leqeba
• Ts'ebetso ea Brainstem
• Cerebellum - mosebetsi
• Selikalikoe sa Willis
• Left cerebral hemisphere - mosebetsi
• Karolo e nepahetseng ea boko - sebetsa
• Endarterectomy
• Letlapa le hahang ka methapo
• Stroke - letoto la lihlooho tse
• Ho qhaloa ha Carotid

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