Phokolo ea mali ea aplastic

Phokolo ea mali ea aplastic ke boemo boo mokong oa masapo o sa etseng lisele tse lekaneng tsa mali. Moko oa masapo ke lisele tse bonolo tse bohareng ba masapo tse ikarabellang ho hlahiseng lisele tsa mali le liplatelete.

Phokolo ea mali e ka bakoang ke tšenyo ea lisele tsa methapo ea mali. Lisele tsa stem ke lisele tse sa butsoang mokong oa masapo tse hlahisang mefuta eohle ea lisele tsa mali (lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali le liplatelete). Kotsi ea lisele tsa bakoang e lebisa ho fokotseheng ha palo ea mefuta ena ea lisele tsa mali.

Phokolo ea mali e ka bakoa ke:

• Ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse itseng kapa ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale tse chefo (joalo ka chloramphenicol, benzene)
• Ho hlahisa radiation kapa chemotherapy
• Mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung
• Boimana
• Livaerase

Ka linako tse ling, sesosa ha se tsejoe. Tabeng ena, lefu lena le bitsoa idiopathic aplastic anemia.

Matšoao a bakoa ke tlhahiso e tlase ea lisele tse khubelu, lisele tse tšoeu le liplatelete. Matšoao a ka ba matla ho tloha qalong kapa butle-butle a mpefala ha nako e ntse e ea ha lefu lena le ntse le tsoela pele.

Palo ea sele e khubelu e tlase (phokolo ea mali) e ka baka:

• Mokhathala
• Pallor (botlolo)
• Ho otla ha pelo ka potlako
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane ka boikoetliso
• Bofokoli
• Hlooho e bobebe ha e eme

Palo e tlaase ea lisele tse tšoeu (leukopenia) e baka kotsi e eketsehileng ea tšoaetso.

Palo e tlase ea platelet (thrombocytopenia) e ka baka tšollo ea mali. Matšoao a kenyelletsa:

• Marenene a tsoang mali
• Ho loma habonolo
• Nko e tsoa mali
• Lekhopho, matheba a manyane a bofubelu letlalong (petechiae)
• Ho tšoaetsoa khafetsa kapa ho matla (ho sa tloaelehang)

Liteko tsa mali li tla bontša:

• Palo e khubelu ea lisele tsa mali (phokolo ea mali)
• Palo e tlaase ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali (leukopenia)
• Palo e tlase ea li-reticulocyte (li-reticulocyte ke lisele tse khubelu tsa mali tse nyane ka ho fetisisa)
• Palo e tlase ea platelet (thrombocytopenia)

Biopsy ea moko oa masapo e bonts'a lisele tse fokolang ho feta tse tloaelehileng tsa mali le mafura a mangata.

Maemo a bonolo a aplastic anemia a se nang matšoao a kanna a se hloke kalafo.

Ha lipalo tsa lisele tsa mali li ntse li fokotseha 'me matšoao a hlaha, mali le liplatelete li fanoa ka litšelo tsa mali. Ha nako e ntse e ea, tšelo ea mali e ka emisa ho sebetsa, ea fella ka lipalo tse tlase haholo tsa lisele tsa mali. Ena ke boemo bo sokelang bophelo.

Mokokotlo oa masapo, kapa ho fetisetsa sele ea stem ho ka khothaletsoa bacha. Ho na le monyetla oa ho khothaletsoa bakeng sa lilemo tse 50 le ho feta, empa batho ba kaholimo ho lilemo tse 50 ba ka amohela transplant haeba ba phetse hantle. Kalafo ena e sebetsa hantle haholo ha mofani e le moena kapa khaitseli ea tšoanang ka botlalo. Sena se bitsoa mofani oa bana ba motho ..

Batho ba baholo le ba se nang mofani oa bana ba motho ba tšoanang ba fuoa meriana ho hatella sesole sa 'mele. Meriana ena e ka lumella mokoko ho etsa lisele tse phetseng hantle tsa mali. Empa lefu lena le ka khutla (la khutlela morao). Ho kenyelletsa 'moko oa masapo le mofani ea sa amaneng le ona ho ka lekoa haeba meriana ena e sa thuse kapa haeba lefu le khutla kamora ho fola.

Phokolo ea mali e sa phekoleheng, e matla ea aplastic e lebisa lefung le potlakileng. Ho kenyelletsa masapo a masapo ho ka atleha haholo ho bacha. Phetisetso e boetse e sebelisoa ho batho ba baholo kapa ha lefu le khutla kamora hore meriana e emise ho sebetsa.

Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:

• Tšoaetso e matla kapa ho tsoa mali
• Mathata a ho fetisoa ha moko oa masapo
• Liketso tsa meriana
• Hemochromatosis (tšepe e ngata haholo 'meleng oa motho ho tsoa tšelo e ngata ea lisele tse khubelu)

Bitsa mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo kapa u ee kamoreng ea maemo a tšohanyetso haeba mali a hlaha ntle ho lebaka, kapa haeba ho tsoa mali ho le thata ho emisa. Letsa haeba u hlokomela tšoaetso khafetsa kapa mokhathala o sa tloaelehang.

Phokolo ea mali; Ho senyeha ha moko oa masapo - aplastic anemia

• Ho kenyelletsa 'mele oa masapo - ho tsoa

• Takatso ea moko oa masapo

GC ea Bagby. Phokolo ea mali e bakoang ke mali le mathata a amanang le moko oa masapo. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 156.

Culligan D, Watson HG. Mali le moko oa masapo. Ka: Cross SS, e hlophisitsoeng. Phatoloji ea Underwood. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 23.

NS e monyane, Maciejewski JP. Phokolo ea mali ea aplastic. Ka: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Melao-motheo le Tloaelo ea Motheo. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 30.