Lefu la mali le bohloko la myeloid - motho e moholo

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) ke mofetše o qalang ka har'a moko oa masapo. Ena ke lisele tse bonolo tse bohareng ba masapo tse thusang ho theha lisele tsohle tsa mali. Kankere e hola ho tloha liseleng tseo ka tloaelo li neng li ka fetoha lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali.

Ho hlohlelletsa ho bolela hore lefu lena le hola kapele mme hangata le na le pefo.

AML ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e tloaelehileng haholo ea kankere ea mali har'a batho ba baholo.

AML e atile haholo ho banna ho feta basali.

Moko oa masapo o thusa 'mele ho loants'a mafu ebile o etsa likarolo tse ling tsa mali. Batho ba nang le AML ba na le lisele tse ngata tse sa tloaelehang tse sa tsoaloang ka har'a moko oa masapo. Lisele li hola kapele haholo, ebe li nkela lisele tsa mali tse phetseng hantle. Ka lebaka leo, batho ba nang le AML ba na le menyetla ea ho ba le tšoaetso. Ba boetse ba na le kotsi e kholo ea ho tsoa mali ha lipalo tsa lisele tse phetseng hantle tsa mali li fokotseha.

Boholo ba nako, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ke ke au joetsa hore na AML e bakiloe ke eng. Leha ho le joalo, lintho tse latelang li ka lebisa mefuteng e meng ea kankere ea mali, ho kenyeletsoa AML:

• Mathata a mali, ho kenyeletsoa polycythemia vera, thrombocythemia ea bohlokoa le myelodysplasia
• Lik'hemik'hale tse itseng (mohlala, benzene)
• Lithethefatsi tse ling tsa chemotherapy, ho kenyeletsoa etoposide le lithethefatsi tse tsejoang e le mahlahana a alkylating
• Ho pepesehela lik'hemik'hale tse itseng le lintho tse kotsi
• Mahlaseli a kotsi
• Masole a mmele a fokolang ka lebaka la ho kenya setho sa mmele

Mathata a liphatsa tsa hau tsa lefutso a ka baka nts'etsopele ea AML.

AML ha e na matšoao a itseng. Matšoao a bonoang a bakoa haholo-holo ke maemo a amanang. Matšoao a AML a ka kenyelletsa tse latelang:

• Ho tsoa mali nko
• Ho tsoa mali le ho ruruha (ka seoelo) mareneneng
• Ho rohakana
• Ho opeloa ke masapo kapa bonolo
• Feberu le mokhathala
• Linako tse matla tsa ho ilela khoeli
• Letlalo le putswa
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane (e mpefala le ho ikoetlisa)
• Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele

Mofani oa thepa o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Ho kanna ha ba le matšoao a ho ruruha ha spleen, sebete kapa lymph node. Liteko tse entsoeng li kenyelletsa:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC) e ka bonts'a khaello ea mali le palo e tlase ea liplatelete. Palo e tšoeu ea lisele tsa mali (WBC) e ka ba e phahameng, e tlase kapa e tloaelehileng.
• Takatso ea moko oa masapo le biopsy li tla bonts'a haeba ho na le lisele tsa kankere ea mali.

Haeba mofani oa hau a tseba hore o na le mofuta ona oa kankere ea mali, ho tla etsoa liteko tse ling ho fumana mofuta oa AML. Subtypes li ipapisitse le liphetoho tse ikhethileng liphatseng tsa lefutso (liphetoho tse bang teng liphatseng tsa lefutso) le kamoo lisele tsa kankere ea mali li hlahang ka tlas'a microscope.

Kalafo e kenyelletsa ho sebelisa meriana (chemotherapy) ho bolaea lisele tsa mofetše. Mefuta e mengata ea AML e phekoloa ka meriana e fetang e le 'ngoe ea chemotherapy.

Chemotherapy e bolaea lisele tse tloaelehileng hape. Sena se ka baka litla-morao tse kang:

• Kotsi e kholo ea ho tsoa mali
• Kotsi e eketsehileng ea tšoaetso (ngaka ea hau e kanna ea batla ho u boloka hole le batho ba bang ho thibela tšoaetso)
• Ho theola boima ba 'mele (o tla hloka ho ja likhalori tse eketsehileng)
• Liso tsa molomo

Mefuta e meng ea kalafo e tšehetsang AML e ka kenyelletsa:

• Lithibela-mafu ho phekola tšoaetso
• Ho tšeloa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali ho loantša phokolo ea mali
• Litšelo tsa Platelet ho laola ho tsoa mali

Ho ka lekoa ho kenyelletsa 'mele oa masapo. Qeto ena e khethoa ke lintlha tse 'maloa, ho kenyelletsa:

• Lilemo tsa hau le bophelo bo botle ka kakaretso
• Liphetoho tse itseng tsa lefutso liseleng tsa kankere ea mali
• Ho fumaneha ha bafani

U ka fokotsa khatello ea maikutlo ea bokuli ka ho kenela sehlopha sa ts'ehetso ea mofets'e. Ho arolelana le ba bang ba nang le liphihlelo tse tšoanang le mathata ho ka u thusa hore u se ke ua ikutloa u le mong.

Ha biopsy ea moko oa masapo e sa bontše bopaki ba AML, ho thoe u tla tšoareloa. Hore na o sebetsa hantle hakae ho latela bophelo ba hau ka kakaretso le liphatsa tsa lefutso tsa lisele tsa AML.

Phoso ha e tšoane le pheko. Hangata ho hlokahala kalafo e ngata, ekaba mofuta oa chemotherapy e eketsehileng kapa ho kenyelletsa 'moko oa masapo.

Ka kalafo, bacha ba nang le AML ba tloaetse ho etsa betere ho feta ba hlahisang lefu lena ba tsofetse. Sekhahla sa pholoho sa lilemo tse 5 se tlase haholo ho batho ba baholo ho feta ho batho ba bacha. Litsebi li re sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore bacha ba khona ho mamella meriana e matla ea chemotherapy. Hape, kankere ea mali ho batho ba baholo e tloaetse ho hanyetsa kalafo ea hajoale.

Haeba mofets'e o sa khutle (o khutlela morao) nakong ea lilemo tse 5 o fumanoe, o kanna oa fola.

Bitsa kopano le mofani oa hau haeba u:

• Hlahisa matšoao a AML
• E-ba le AML 'me u be le feberu e ke keng ea fela kapa matšoao a mang a tšoaetso

Haeba u sebetsa haufi le mahlaseli a kotsi kapa lik'hemik'hale tse amanang le kankere ea mali, lula u roala lisebelisoa tsa tšireletso.

Leukemia e bohloko ea myelogenous; AML; Hlobaetsang le granulocytic kankere ea mali; Lefu la mali le matla la nonlymphocytic (ANLL); Kankere ea mali - myeloid e matla (AML); Kankere ea mali - a hlobaetsang le granulocytic; Lefuemia - nonlymphocytic (ANLL)

• Ho kenyelletsa 'mele oa masapo - ho tsoa

• Auer melamu
• A hlobaetsang le monocytic leukemia - letlalo
• Lisele tsa mali

Appelbaum FR. Leukemias e matla ho batho ba baholo. Ka: Niederhuber JE, Armitage JO, Kastan MB, Doroshow JH, Tepper JE, bahlophisi. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 95.

Faderl S, Kantarjian HM (Khatisitsoeng) Pontšo ea bongaka le kalafo ea leukemia e matla ea myeloid. Ka: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE, et al, eds. Hematology: Melao-motheo le Tloaelo ea Motheo. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 59.

Webosaete ea National Cancer Institute. Kalafo ea batho ba baholo ea myeloid leukemia (PDQ) - mofuta oa litsebi tsa bophelo bo botle. kankere.gov/types/leukemia/hp/ultult-aml-treatment-pdq. E ntlafalitsoe ka Phato 11, 2020. E fihlile ka la 9 Mphalane 2020.