Bronchiectasis

Bronchiectasis ke lefu leo ​​ho lona methapo e meholo ea moea matšoafong e senyehileng. Sena se etsa hore lifofane li pharalle ruri.

Bronchiectasis e ka ba teng ha motho a hlaha kapa a sa le monyane kapa ea hola hamorao bophelong.

Bronchiectasis hangata e bakoa ke ho ruruha kapa tšoaetso ea moea o lulang o khutla.

Ka linako tse ling e qala bongoaneng kamora ho ba le tšoaetso e matla ea matšoafo kapa ho hema ntho e 'ngoe. Ho phefumoloha likaroloana tsa lijo le hona ho ka lebisa boemong bona.

Lisosa tse ling tsa bronchiectasis li ka kenyelletsa:

• Cystic fibrosis, lefu le bakang mamina a teteaneng, a khomarelang ho aha matšoafong
• Mathata a ho itšireletsa mafung, a kang ramatiki ea ramatiki kapa lefu la Sjögren
• Matšoao a matšoafo a matšoafo
• Lefuemia le kankere e amanang le eona
• Li-syndromes tsa khaello ea 'mele
• Cilia dyskinesia ea mantlha (lefu le leng la tlhaho)
• Ho tšoaetsoa ke mycobacteria e se nang lefuba

Matšoao a hlaha ha nako e ntse e tsamaea. Li kanna tsa hlaha likhoeli kapa lilemo kamora ketsahalo e bakang bronchiectasis.

Sefuba se seholo sa bronchiectasis ke ho khohlela ha nako e telele (ho sa foleng) ka bongata ba sekhohlela se nkhang hampe. Matšoao a mang a kenyeletsa:

• Monko oa phefumoloho
• Ho khohlela mali (ho sa tloaelehang ho bana)
• Mokhathala
• Paletso
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane e mpefalang le boikoetliso
• Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele
• Ho honotha
• Ho ba le feberu e tlaase le ho fufuleloa bosiu
• Ho koaloa ha menoana (ka seoelo, ho latela sesosa)

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Ha a mametse sefuba ka stethoscope, mofani oa hae a ka utloa ho penya ho nyane, ho phatloha, ho honotha, ho honotha, kapa melumo e meng, hangata matšoafong a tlase.

Liteko tse ka etsoang li kenyelletsa:

• Teko ea Aspergillosis precipitin (ho lekola matšoao a tšoaetso ea fungus)
• Alpha-1 tlhahlobo ea mali ea antitrypsin
• X-ray sefubeng
• Sefuba CT
• Tloaelo ea sekhohlela
• Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC)
• Ho hlahlojoa ha liphatsa tsa lefutso, ho kenyeletsoa le teko ea mofufutso bakeng sa cystic fibrosis le liteko tsa mafu a mang (joalo ka ciliary dyskinesia)
• Teko ea letlalo la PPD ho hlahloba tšoaetso ea lefuba e fetileng
• Serum immunoglobulin electrophoresis ho lekanya liprotheine tse bitsoang immunoglobulins maling
• Lung function liteko ho lekanya phefumoloho le hore na matšoafo a sebetsa hantle hakae
• Ho haelloa ke matla a 'mele

Kalafo e reretsoe ho:

• Ho laola tšoaetso le sekhohlela
• Ho imolla tsela e thibang lifofane
• Ho thibela bothata ho mpefala

Metsi a letsatsi le letsatsi a ho ntša sekhohlela ke karolo ea kalafo. Setsebi sa ho hema se ka bonts'a motho mekhoa ea ho khohlela e ka thusang.

Hangata ho fanoa ka meriana. Tsena li kenyelletsa:

• Lithibela-mafu ho phekola tšoaetso
• Bronchodilators ho bula lifofane
• Ba lebeletseng ho thusa ho lokolla le ho khohlela sekhohlela se teteaneng

Ho buuoa ho tlosa (resect) matšoafo ho ka hlokahala haeba moriana o sa sebetse 'me lefu le le sebakeng se senyane, kapa haeba motho a e-na le tšollo ea mali e ngata matšoafong. Ho nahanoa hangata haeba ho se liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa boiphihlelo ba bronchiectasis (mohlala, ho na le monyetla oa ho nahana hore na ho na le bronchiectasis karolong e le 'ngoe ea matšoafo feela ka lebaka la tšitiso ea pele).

Ponahalo e latela sesosa se itseng sa lefu lena. Ka kalafo, batho ba bangata ba phela ntle le bokooa bo boholo mme lefu lena le tsoela pele butle.

Mathata a bronchiectasis a ka kenyelletsa:

• Cor pulmonale
• Ho kgohlela madi
• Maemo a tlaase a oksijene (maemong a boima)
• Pneumonia e iphetang
• Ho sithabela maikutlo (maemong a sa tloaelehang)

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba:

• Ho opeloa ke sefuba kapa ho hema ka nakoana hoa mpefala
• Ho na le phetoho ea 'mala kapa palo ea phlegm eo u khohlela, kapa haeba e na le mali
• Matšoao a mang a ea mpefala kapa ha a ntlafale ka kalafo

O ka fokotsa kotsi ea hau ka ho phekola tšoaetso ea matšoafo hanghang.

Meento ea bongoana le vaksine ea ntaramane ea selemo le selemo e thusa ho fokotsa menyetla ea mafu a mang. Ho qoba tšoaetso e phahameng ea ho hema, ho tsuba le tšilafalo ho ka fokotsa menyetla ea ho fumana tšoaetso ena.

Bronchiectasis e fumanoeng; Bronchiectasis ea tlhaho; Lefu le sa foleng la matšoafo - bronchiectasis

• Ho buuoa ka mapafu - ho tsoa

• Matšoafo
• Tsamaiso ea phefumoloho

Chan ED, Iseman MD. Bronchiectasis. Ka: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, li-eds. Buka ea Bongaka ea Phefumoloho ea Murray le Nadel. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 48.

Chang AB, Redding GJ. Bronchiectasis le lefu le sa foleng la lefu la matšoafo. Ho: Wilmott RW, Ho fokotsa R, Li A, et al, eds. Mathata a Kendig a Tsela ea Phefumoloho ho Bana. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 26.

O'Donnell AE. Bronchiectasis, atelectasis, cysts le mathata a lehae a matšoafo. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 84.