Boloetse bo bohloko ba lithabeng

Boloetse bo matla ba lithabeng ke bokuli bo ka amang batho ba hloang lithaba, ba hloang lithaba, ba thellisang lehloeng, kapa baeti libakeng tse phahameng, hangata tse kaholimo ho limithara tse 2400.

Boloetse bo matla ba lithabeng bo bakoa ke khatello ea moea e fokotsehileng le maemo a tlase a oksijene libakeng tse phahameng.

Ha u hloella ka lebelo bophahamong bo phahameng, ho ka etsahala hore u tšoaroe ke mafu a hlobaetsang a lithabeng.

Tsela e molemohali ea ho thibela bokuli bo holimo ke ho nyoloha butle butle. Ke mohopolo o motle ho qeta matsatsi a 'maloa u nyolohela ho maoto a 9850 (3000). Kaholimo ho ntlha ena nyolohela butle haholo hore bophahamo boo u robalang ho bona bo se ke ba nyoloha ho feta maoto a 990 ho fihla ho 1640 feet (300m to 500m) bosiu bo bong le bo bong.

U kotsing e kholo ea ho kula haholo lithabeng haeba:

• U lula sebakeng se haufi le leoatle kapa haufi le sona 'me u ea libakeng tse phahameng.
• U kile ua kula pele.
• O nyoloha kapele.
• Ha o so tloaelane le bophahamo.
• Joala kapa lintho tse ling li sitisitse tloaelo.
• U na le mathata a bongaka a amang pelo, tsamaiso ea methapo kapa matšoafo.

Matšoao a hau a tla itšetleha ka lebelo la ho hloa le hore na o ikitlaetsa ka matla hakae. Matšoao a qala ho tloha bobeng ho isa ho ho beha bophelo kotsing. Li ka ama tsamaiso ea methapo, matšoafo, mesifa le pelo.

Maemong a mangata, matšoao a bonolo. Matšoao a ho kula ho matla ho isa bohlankeng ba lithaba a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho thata ho robala
• Botsoa kapa hlooho e khanyang
• Mokhathala
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho
• Ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo
• Ho nyekeloa kapa ho hlatsa
• Ho otla ka potlako (lebelo la pelo)
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane ka boiteko

Matšoao a ka bang teng ka bokuli bo matla ba lithaba a kenyelletsa:

• 'Mala o moputsoa letlalong (cyanosis)
• Ho thatafala ha sefubeng kapa ho ferekana
• Pherekano
• Khohlela
• Ho kgohlela madi
• Ho fokotsa tsebo kapa ho tlohela ho sebelisana le sechaba
• Botšo bo bosootho kapa bo phatsimang
• Ho se khone ho tsamaea moleng o otlolohileng, kapa ho tsamaea ho hang
• Phefumoloho e khutšoanyane ha u phomotse

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla u hlahloba le ho mamela sefuba sa hau ka stethoscope. Sena se ka senola melumo e bitsoang mapatso. Rales e kanna ea ba sesupo sa mokelikeli matšoafong.

Liteko tse ka etsoang li kenyelletsa:

• Liteko tsa mali
• Sesepa sa Brain CT
• X-ray sefubeng
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Ho hlahlojoa kapele ho bohlokoa. Ho kula ho matla ha lithaba ho bonolo ho e phekola qalong.

Kalafo ea mantlha ea mefuta eohle ea bokuli ba lithabeng ke ho theohela tlase (theohela) ho ea tlaase ka potlako le ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ha ua lokela ho tsoelapele ho hloa haeba u ba le matšoao.

Oksijene e eketsehileng e lokela ho fuoa, haeba e le teng.

Batho ba nang le bokuli bo matla ba lithabeng ba ka hloka ho kenngoa sepetlele.

Ho ka fanoa ka moriana o bitsoang acetazolamide (Diamox) ho u thusa ho hema hamolemo. E ka thusa ho fokotsa matšoao. Meriana ena e ka etsa hore u ntše metsi khafetsa. Etsa bonnete ba hore o noa maro a mangata mme o qoba joala ha o noa sethethefatsi sena. Meriana ena e sebetsa hantle ha e nooa pele e fihla bophahamong bo phahameng.

Haeba u na le mokelikeli matšoafong a hao (edema ea pulmonary), kalafo e ka kenyelletsa:

• Oxyjene
• Moriana oa khatello e phahameng ea mali o bitsoang nifedipine
• Beta agonist inhalers ho bula lifofane
• Mochini oa ho hema maemong a boima
• Meriana ea ho eketsa phallo ea mali matšoafong a bitsoang phosphodiesterase inhibitor (joalo ka sildenafil)

Dexamethasone (Decadron) e ka thusa ho fokotsa matšoao a hlobaetsang a ho kula thabeng le ho ruruha bokong (cerebral edema).

Likamore tse nkehang habonolo tsa hyperbaric li lumella baeti ho etsisa maemo bophahamong bo tlase ntle le ho tloha moo ba leng teng thabeng. Lisebelisoa tsena li thusa haholo haeba maemo a leholimo a mabe kapa lintho tse ling li etsa hore ho hloa thaba ho se khonehe.

Maemong a mangata a bonolo. Matšoao a ntlafala kapele ha u nyolohela thabeng ho leba bophahamong bo tlase.

Maemo a matla a ka baka lefu ka lebaka la mathata a matšoafo (pulmonary edema) kapa ho ruruha ha boko (cerebral edema).

Libakeng tse hole, phallo ea maemo a tšohanyetso e kanna ea se khonehe, kapa kalafo e kanna ea lieha. Sena se ka ba le phello e mpe sephethong.

Ponahalo e latela sekhahla sa ho theoha hang ha matšoao a qala. Batho ba bang ba tloaetse ho ba le bokuli bo amanang le bophahamo mme ba kanna ba se arabele le bona.

Mathata a ka kenyelletsa:

• Coma (ho se arabele)
• Mokelikeli matšoafong (edema ea pulmonary)
• Ho ruruha ha boko (cerebral edema), ho ka lebisang ho oeng, ho fetoha kelellong kapa ho senya tsamaiso ea methapo ka ho sa feleng.
• Lefu

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba u kile ua ba le matšoao a bokuli bo matla ba lithabeng, leha o ne o ikutloa o le betere ha o khutlela bophahamong bo tlase.

Letsetsa 911 kapa nomoro ea hau ea tšohanyetso ea lehae haeba uena kapa motho e mong ea hloang lithaba a na le matšoao a latelang:

• Boemo bo fetotsoeng ba tlhokomeliso
• Ho kgohlela madi
• Mathata a matla a ho hema

Theohela thabeng hang-hang 'me u bolokehe ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.

Litsela tsa ho thibela bokuli bo matla ba lithabeng li kenyelletsa:

• Hloa thaba butle-butle. Ho nyoloha butle-butle ke eona ntho ea bohlokoahali ho thibela maloetse a hlobaetsang a lithabeng.
• Emisa letsatsi kapa a mabeli a phomolo bakeng sa ho hloa bophahamo ba limithara tse 600 kaholimo ho limithara tse 2400.
• Robala sebakeng se tlaase ha ho khoneha.
• Etsa bonnete ba hore o na le bokhoni ba ho theoha ka potlako ha ho hlokahala.
• Ithute ho tseba matšoao a pele a bokuli ba lithabeng.

Haeba u tsamaea ka maoto a 9840 (3000 metres), u lokela ho nka oksijene e lekaneng matsatsi a 'maloa.

Haeba u rera ho hloa ka potlako, kapa ho hloella sebakeng se phahameng, botsa mofani oa hau ka meriana e ka thusang.

Haeba u le kotsing ea ho ba le sele e khubelu ea mali (mali), botsa mofani oa hau hore na leeto la hau le reriloeng le bolokehile. Hape botsa hore na tlatsetso ea tšepe e u loketse. Phokolo ea mali e theola palo ea oksijene maling a hau. Sena se etsa hore o be le monyetla oa ho ba le bokuli ba lithabeng.

Ha u ntse u hloa:

• Se ke oa noa joala
• Noa maro a mangata
• Ja lijo tse tloaelehileng tse nang le lik'habohaedreite tse ngata

U lokela ho qoba bophahamo bo phahameng haeba u na le lefu la pelo kapa la matšoafo.

Bophahamo bo phahameng ba edema ea boko; Bophahamo ba anoxia; Boloetse ba bophahamo; Boloetse ba lithabeng; Edema e phahameng ea pulmonary edema

• Tsamaiso ea phefumoloho

Basnyat B, Paterson RD. Meriana ea ho tsamaea. Ka: Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, eds. Meriana ea Lefeelleng ea Auerbach. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 79.

Harris NS. Meriana e phahameng. Ka: Marako RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Likhopolo le Tloaelo ea Kliniki. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 136.

Luks AM, Hackett PH. Bophahamo bo phahameng le maemo a bongaka a seng a ntse a le teng. Ka: Auerbach PS, Cushing TA, Harris NS, eds. Meriana ea Lefeelleng ea Auerbach. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2017: khaolo ea 3.

Luks AM, Schoene RB, Swenson ER. Bophahamo bo phahameng. Ka: Broaddus VC, Mason RJ, Ernst JD, et al, li-eds. Buka ea Bongaka ea Phefumoloho ea Murray le Nadel. La 6th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2016: khaolo ea 77.