Pneumonia ea vaerase

Pneumonia e ruruhile kapa e ruruhile lisele tsa matšoafo ka lebaka la tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko.

Pneumonia ea vaerase e bakoa ke vaerase.

Pneumonia ea vaerase e ka etsahala haholo ho bana ba banyenyane le ho batho ba baholo. Lebaka ke hobane 'mele ea bona e na le nako e thata ho loantša vaerase ho feta batho ba nang le sesole sa' mele se matla.

Pneumonia ea vaerase hangata e bakoa ke e 'ngoe ea livaerase tse' maloa:

• Phefumoloho ea syncytial virus (RSV)
• Lefu la sefuba
• Kokoana-hloko ea Parainfluenza
• Adenovirus (e sa tloaelehang haholo)
• Measles virus
• Li-Coronaviruses tse kang SARS-CoV-2, e bakang pneumonia ea COVID-19

Pneumonia e matla ea vaerase e ka etsahala ho ba nang le boits'ireletso ba mmele bo fokolang, joalo ka:

• Masea a hlahang kapele haholo.
• Bana ba nang le mathata a pelo le matšoafo.
• Batho ba nang le HIV / AIDS.
• Batho ba fumanang chemotherapy bakeng sa mofetše, kapa meriana e meng e fokolisang sesole sa 'mele.
• Batho ba kileng ba kenyetsoa setho.
• Likokoana-hloko tse ling tse kang feberu le SARS-CoV2 li ka lebisa ho pneumonia e matla ho bakuli ba banyane le ba phetseng hantle.

Matšoao a pneumonia ea vaerase hangata a qala butle mme a kanna a se be matla qalong.

Matšoao a tloaelehileng a pneumonia ke:

• Khohlela (ka li-pneumonia tse ling u ka khohlela mamina, kapa mamina a nang le mali)
• Feberu
• Ho tsitsinya maqhubu
• Phefumoloho e khutšoane (e ka etsahala ha o ikitlaetsa)

Matšoao a mang a kenyelletsa:

• Pherekano, hangata ho batho ba baholo
• Ho fufuleloa ho feteletseng le letlalo la clammy
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho
• Ho felloa ke takatso ea lijo, matla a tlase le mokhathala
• Ho opeloa kapa ho hlaba sefubeng ho mpefala ha o hema haholo kapa o khohlela
• Mokhathala

Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele mme a botse ka matšoao.

Haeba mofani oa thepa a nahana hore u na le pneumonia, u tla ba le x-ray ea sefuba. Lebaka ke hobane tlhahlobo ea 'mele e kanna ea se ke ea tseba ho tšoaea pneumonia ho tsoa ho mafu a mang a phefumolohang.

Ho latela hore na matšoao a hau a matla hakae, ho ka etsoa liteko tse ling ho kenyelletsa:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC)
• Tlhatlhobo ea sefuba ea CT
• Litsong tsa mali ho hlahloba livaerase maling (kapa libaktheria tse ka bakang tšoaetso ea bobeli)
• Bronchoscopy (ha e hlokehe hangata)
• 'Moko le nko li etsa liteko ho hlahloba likokoana-hloko tse kang feberu
• Bula biopsy ea matšoafo (e etsoa feela maloetseng a tebileng haholo ha tlhahlobo e ke ke ea etsoa ho tsoa mehloling e meng)
• Tloaelo ea sekhohlela (ho felisa lisosa tse ling)
• Ho lekanya maemo a oksijene le carbon dioxide maling

Lithibela-mafu ha li phekole mofuta ona oa ts'oaetso ea matšoafo. Meriana e phekolang livaerase e ka sebetsana le pneumonia e meng e bakoang ke ntaramane le lelapa la herpes la livaerase. Meriana ena e kanna ea lekoa haeba tšoaetso e ka ts'oaroa kapele.

Kalafo e ka kenyelletsa:

• Meriana ea Corticosteroid
• Metsi a eketsehileng
• Oxyjene
• Tšebeliso ea moea o nang le mongobo

Ho lula sepetlele ho ka hlokahala haeba o sa khone ho noa joala le ho thusa ka ho hema haeba maemo a oksijene a le tlase haholo.

Batho ba na le monyetla oa ho amoheloa sepetlele haeba ba:

• Ba baholo ho feta lilemo tse 65 kapa ke bana
• Ha ba khone ho itlhokomela lapeng, ho ja kapa ho noa
• E-ba le bothata bo bong bo tebileng ba bongaka, bo kang ba pelo kapa ba liphio
• Ke nkile lithibela-mafu hae 'me ha li ntlafale
• E-ba le matšoao a matla

Leha ho le joalo, batho ba bangata ba ka phekoloa malapeng. U ka nka mehato ena lapeng:

• Laola feberu ea hau ka aspirin, lithethefatsi tse seng khahlanong le ho ruruha (li-NSAID, tse kang ibuprofen kapa naproxen), kapa acetaminophen. O SE KE wa fa bana aspirin hobane e ka baka bokuli bo kotsi bo bitsoang Reye syndrome.
• U SE KE ua noa meriana ea sefuba u sa bua le mofani oa hau pele. Meriana ea khohlela e ka thatafalletsa 'mele oa hau ho khohlela sekhohlela.
• Noa maro a mangata ho thusa ho lokolla liphiri le ho hlahisa phlegm.
• Fumana phomolo e ngata. E-re motho e mong a etse mesebetsi ea lapeng.

Maemo a mangata a pneumonia ea vaerase a bobebe mme a ba betere ntle le kalafo nakong ea libeke tse 1 ho isa ho tse tharo. Maemong a mang a tebile haholo mme a hloka ho lula sepetlele.

Ts'oaetso e mpe haholo e ka baka ho hloleha ho hema, ho hloleha ha sebete le ho hloleha ha pelo. Ka linako tse ling, tšoaetso ea baktheria e etsahala nakong ea kapa hang feela kamora pneumonia ea vaerase, e ka lebisang mefuteng e matla ea pneumonia.

Bitsa mofani oa hau haeba matšoao a pneumonia ea vaerase a hlaha kapa boemo ba hau bo mpefala kamora ho qala ho ntlafala.

Hlapa matsoho khafetsa, kamora ho phunya nko, ho ea ka kamoreng ea ho hlapela, ho daela ngoana le pele o ja kapa o pheha lijo.

Qoba ho kopana le bakuli ba bang ba kulang.

U SE KE UA tsuba. Koae e senya matla a matšoafo a hao ho thibela tšoaetso.

Moriana o bitsoang palivizumab (Synagis) o ka fuoa bana ba ka tlase ho likhoeli tse 24 ho thibela RSV.

Vaksine ea ntaramane, e fuoa selemo se seng le se seng ho thibela pneumonia e bakoang ke vaerase ea ntaramane. Ba tsofetseng le ba nang le lefu la tsoekere, asma, lefu le sa foleng la pulmonary (COPD), mofetše, kapa boits'ireletso ba mmele bo fokolang ba lokela ho netefatsa hore ba fumana ente ea feberu.

Haeba sesole sa hau sa 'mele se fokola, lula hole le bongata. Kopa baeti ba nang le sefuba ho apara mask le ho hlatsoa matsoho.

Pneumonia - kokoana-hloko; Pneumonia ea ho tsamaea - vaerase

• Pneumonia ho batho ba baholo - ho tsoa
• Pneumonia ho bana - ho tsoa

• Matšoafo
• Tsamaiso ea phefumoloho

Daly JS, Ellison RT. Pneumonia e bohloko. Ka: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, bahlophisi. Mandell, Douglas, le Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 67.

McCullers JA. Likokoana-hloko tsa ntaramane. Ka: Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, Steinbach WJ, Hotez PJ, bahlophisi. Buka ea Feigin le Cherry ea Pediatric Infectious Diseases. La 8th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 178.

Musher DM. Kakaretso ea pneumonia. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020; khaolo ea 91.

Roosevelt GE. Likotsi tsa phefumoloho ea bana: mafu a matšoafo. Ka: Marako RM, Hockberger RS, Gausche-Hill M, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Likhopolo le Tloaelo ea Kliniki. La 9th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: khaolo ea 169.