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Tlhatlhobo ea lefuba (TB) ke eng?

Teko ena e hlahloba ho bona hore na o tšoaelitsoe ke lefuba, le tsejoang ka hore ke lefuba. TB ke tšoaetso e tebileng ea baktheria e amang haholo matšoafo. E ka ama le likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele, ho kenyelletsa bokong, mokokotlo le liphio. Lefuba le fetisoa ho tloha ho motho e mong ho ea ho le leng ka ho khohlela kapa ho thimola.

Ha se motho e mong le e mong ea tšoaelitsoeng ke lefuba ea kulang. Batho ba bang ba na le mofuta o sa sebetseng oa tšoaetso e bitsoang Lefuba le ipatileng. Ha u e-na le lefuba le ipatileng, ha u ikutloe u kula 'me u sitoa ho fetisetsa lefu lena ho ba bang.

Batho ba bangata ba nang le lefuba le ipatileng ba ke ke ba utloa matšoao a lefu lena. Empa ho ba bang, haholo-holo ba nang le kapa ba hlahisang sesole sa 'mele se fokolang, lefuba le ipatileng le ka fetoha tšoaetso e kotsi le ho feta e bitsoang TB e mahlahahlaha. Haeba u na le lefuba le iponahatsang, u ka utloa u kula haholo. U ka fetisetsa lefu lena ho batho ba bang. Ntle le kalafo, lefuba le ipatileng le ka baka mafu a tebileng kapa lefu.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea liteko tsa lefuba tse sebelisetsoang ho hlahloba: tlhahlobo ea letlalo ea lefuba le teko ea mali ea lefuba. Diteko tsena di ka bontsha haeba o kile wa tshwaetswa ke TB. Ha li bontše haeba u na le tšoaetso ea TB e ipatileng kapa e sebetsang. Ho tla hlokahala liteko tse ling ho netefatsa kapa ho thibela tlhahlobo.


Mabitso a mang: Teko ea lefuba, tlhahlobo ea letlalo ea lefuba, tlhahlobo ea PPD, tlhahlobo ea IGRA

E sebelisetsoa eng?

Ho hlahloba lefuba ho sebelisoa ho sheba tšoaetso ea lefuba letlalong kapa sampong ea mali. Ho hlahlojoa ho ka bontša hore na u tšoaelitsoe ke lefuba. Ha e bontše hore na TB e patiloe kapa ea sebetsa.

Hobaneng ke hloka tlhahlobo ea lefuba?

U kanna oa hloka tlhahlobo ea letlalo ea lefuba kapa teko ea mali ea lefuba haeba u na le matšoao a tšoaetso ea lefuba kapa u na le lintlha tse u behang kotsing e kholo ea ho tšoaroa ke lefuba.

Matšoao a tšoaetso e sebetsang ea lefuba a kenyelletsa:

  • Khohlela e tšoarellang libeke tse tharo kapa ho feta
  • Ho kgohlela madi
  • Bohloko ba sefuba
  • Feberu
  • Mokhathala
  • Mofufutso oa bosiu
  • Ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele bo sa hlaloseheng

Ntle le moo, litsi tse ling tsa tlhokomelo ea bana le lits'ebeletso tse ling li hloka tlhahlobo ea lefuba bakeng sa mosebetsi.

U kanna oa ba kotsing e kholo ea ho tšoaroa ke lefuba haeba u:

  • Ke mosebeletsi oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ea hlokomelang bakuli ba nang le kapa ba kotsing e kholo ea ho tšoaroa ke lefuba
  • Lula kapa u sebetse sebakeng se nang le tšoaetso e phahameng ea lefuba. Tsena li kenyelletsa matlo a bolulo a se nang bolulo, mahae a maqheku le lichankana.
  • O pepeselitsoe motho ea nang le ts'oaetso e matla ea lefuba
  • E-ba le HIV kapa lefu le leng le fokolisang sesole sa hau sa 'mele
  • Sebelisa lithethefatsi tse seng molaong
  • Ho etela kapa ho lula sebakeng seo lefuba le atileng haholo.Tsena li kenyelletsa linaha tsa Asia, Afrika, Europe Bochabela, Latin America le Caribbean le Russia.

Ho etsahalang nakong ea tlhahlobo ea lefuba?

Ho hlahlojoa ha lefuba e tla ba tlhahlobo ea letlalo ea lefuba kapa tlhahlobo ea mali ea lefuba. Liteko tsa letlalo tsa lefuba li sebelisoa khafetsa, empa liteko tsa mali bakeng sa lefuba li se li atile haholo. Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla u khothaletsa hore na ke mofuta ofe oa teko ea lefuba o u loketseng.


Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea letlalo ea lefuba (eo hape e bitsoang tlhahlobo ea PPD), o tla hloka maeto a mabeli ofising ea mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Leetong la pele, mofani oa hau o tla:

  • Sula letsoho la hao le ka hare ka tharollo ea likokoana-hloko
  • Sebelisa nale e nyane ho kenya PPD e nyane tlasa letlalo la pele. PPD ke protheine e tsoang ho baktheria ea lefuba. Ha se libaktheria tse phelang, 'me li ke ke tsa u kulisa.
  • Ho tla hlaha bump e nyane phatleng ea hao. E lokela ho tloha ka lihora tse 'maloa.

Etsa bonnete ba hore u siea sebaka seo se sa koaheloa ebile se sa khathatsoe.

Kamora lihora tse 48-72, o tla khutlela ofising ea mofani oa thepa ea hau. Nakong ea ketelo ena, mofani oa hau o tla sheba sebaka sa ente bakeng sa karabelo e ka bonts'ang tšoaetso ea lefuba. Sena se kenyelletsa ho ruruha, bofubelu le keketseho ea boholo.

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lefuba maling (eo hape e bitsoang tlhahlobo ea IGRA), setsebi sa tlhokomelo ea bophelo se tla nka sampole ea mali mothapong o letsohong la hao, a sebelisa nale e nyane. Kamora hore nalete e kenngoe, ho tla bokelloa mali a manyane ka har'a pompo ea liteko. U ka ikutloa u hlaba hanyane ha nale e kena kapa e tsoa. Hangata hona ho nka nako e ka tlase ho metsotso e mehlano.


Na ke tla hloka ho etsa eng kapa eng ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo?

Ha u na litokisetso tse khethehileng tsa tlhahlobo ea letlalo ea lefuba kapa tlhahlobo ea mali ea lefuba.

Na ho na le likotsi tsa tlhahlobo?

Ho na le kotsi e nyane haholo ea ho etsa tlhahlobo ea letlalo ea lefuba kapa tlhahlobo ea mali. Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea letlalo la lefuba, u ka 'na ua utloa pini ha u fumana ente.

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mali, o ka ba le mahlaba a fokolang kapa ho longoa moo nale e kentsoeng teng, empa matšoao a mangata a fela kapele.

Liphetho li bolelang?

Haeba tlhahlobo ea letlalo ea hau ea lefuba kapa tlhahlobo ea mali e bontša tšoaetso e ka bang teng ea lefuba, mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla odara liteko tse ling ho thusa ho etsa tlhahlobo. U kanna oa hloka liteko tse ling haeba liphetho tsa hau li ne li le mpe, empa u na le matšoao a lefuba le / kapa u na le lisosa tse itseng tsa kotsi tsa lefuba. Liteko tse tšoaeang lefuba li kenyelletsa x-ray ea sefuba le liteko tsa sampole ea sekhohlela. Sekgohlola ke sefuba se teteaneng se kgohlang ho tswa matshwafong. E fapane le mathe kapa mathe.

Haeba e sa phekoloe, lefuba le ka bolaea. Empa maemong a mangata a lefuba a ka phekoloa haeba o noa lithibela-mafu joalokaha a laetsoe ke mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo. Lefuba le ipatileng le lokela ho phekoloa, hobane lefuba le ipatileng le ka fetoha TB e mahlahahlaha 'me ea ba kotsi.

Haeba u na le lipotso mabapi le liphetho tsa hau, bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Ithute haholoanyane ka liteko tsa laboratori, libaka tsa litšupiso, le liphetho tsa kutloisiso.

Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka tlhahlobo ea lefuba?

Ho phekola lefuba ho nka nako e telele ho feta ho alafa mefuta e meng ea tšoaetso ea baktheria. Kamora libeke tse 'maloa ka lithibela-mafu, ha o sa tla hlola o tšoaetsana, empa o ntse o tla ba le lefuba. Ho folisa lefuba, o hloka ho noa lithibela-mafu bonyane likhoeli tse tšeletseng ho isa ho tse robong. Bolelele ba nako bo ipapisitse le bophelo ba hau ka kakaretso, lilemo, le lintlha tse ling. Ho bohlokoa ho nka lithibela-mafu ha feela mofani oa hau au joetsa, leha o ikutloa o le betere. Ho emisa kapele ho ka baka tšoaetso ho khutla.

Litšupiso

  1. Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Lung [Inthanete]. Chicago: Mokhatlo oa Lung oa Amerika; c2018. Ho Hlahloba le ho Phekola Lefuba [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Apr 2; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/tuberculosis/diagnosing-and-treating-tuberculosis.html
  2. Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Lung [Inthanete]. Chicago: Mokhatlo oa Lung oa Amerika; c2018. Lefuba (TB) [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-and-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/tuberculosis
  3. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Linnete tsa Sheet: Lefuba: Tlhahisoleseling e akaretsang [e ntlafalitsoeng ka la 2011 Oct 28; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/general/tb.htm
  4. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Lintlha tsa Lefuba: Ho etsa liteko tsa lefuba [ho ntlafalitsoe 2016 ka la 11 Mots'eanong; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factseries/skintest_eng.htm
  5. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Lefuba: Matšoao le Matšoao [a ntlafalitsoeng 2016 Mar 17; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/signsandsymptoms.htm
  6. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Lefuba: Ke Mang ea Lokelang ho Lekoa [e ntlafalitsoeng 2016 Sep 8; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/testing/whobetested.htm
  7. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2018. Teko ea IGRA TB [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Sep 13; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/igra-tb-test
  8. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2018. Sputum [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Jul 10; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/glossary/sputum
  9. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2018. Teko ea Letlalo la TB [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Sep 13; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/tb-skin-test
  10. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2018. Lefuba [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Sep 14; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/conditions/tuberculosis
  11. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2018. Lefuba: Ho lemoha le ho phekola; 2018 Jan 4 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Oct 12]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351256
  12. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2018. Lefuba: Matšoao le lisosa; 2018 Jan 4 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250
  13. Phetolelo ea Merck Manual Consumer [Inthanete]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2018. Lefuba (TB) [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/tuberculosis-and-related-infections/tuberculosis-tb
  14. National Heart, Lung, le Setsi sa Mali [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Liteko tsa Mali [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
  15. Bophelo ba UF: Univesithi ea Florida Health [Marang-rang]. Gainesville (FL): Univesithi ea Florida; c2018. Teko ea letlalo la PPD: Kakaretso [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Oct 12; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Oct 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://ufhealth.org/ppd-skin-test
  16. Setsi sa Bongaka sa Rochester [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Setsi sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Rochester; c2018. Health Encyclopedia: TB Screening (Skin) [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Mphalane 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=tb_screen_skin
  17. Setsi sa Bongaka sa Rochester [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Setsi sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Rochester; c2018. Health Encyclopedia: Tlhahlobo ea lefuba (mali kaofela) [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2018 Mphalane 12]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=tb_screen_blood

Tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang sebakeng sena sa marang-rang ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho nka sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea bongaka le likeletso. Ikopanye le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le lipotso ka bophelo ba hau.

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