Kankere

Litaba

• Phekolo ea Hormone
• Lithethefatsi tse lebisitsoeng
• Chemotherapy
• Mahlaseli a kotsi
• Phekolo
• Meriana ea bohloko
• Phekolo e tlatsanang
• Ntlha ea bohlokoa

Ho ba le mofuta o tsoetseng pele oa mofetše ho ka utloahala eka ha u na mekhoa ea kalafo kapa ha u na eona. Empa ha ho joalo. Fumana hore na u ka khetha mekhoa efe, 'me u qale ho fumana mofuta o nepahetseng oa kalafo.

Phekolo ea Hormone

Ho na le liphekolo tse 'maloa tsa kalafo ea lihormone tse alafang kankere ea matsoele e tsoetseng pele ea li-hormone receptor-positive (estrogen receptor-positive kapa progesterone receptor-positive)

Tamoxifen ke meriana ea molomo ea letsatsi le letsatsi bakeng sa basali ba premenopausal.

Aromatase inhibitors ke meriana ea molomo bakeng sa basali ba postmenopausal. Tsena li ka kopantsoe le lithethefatsi tse lebisitsoeng joalo ka palbociclib (Ibrance) kapa everolimus (Afinitor). Li-inhibitors tsa aromatase li kenyelletsa:

• anastrozole (Arimidex)
• exemestane (Aromasin)
• letrozole (Femara)

Litla-morao tsa kalafo ea lihormone li ka kenyelletsa:

• ho chesa le ho fufuleloa bosiu
• ho oma hoa botshehadi
• theola thobalano
• maikutlo a fetoha
• ho senyeha ha nako ea ho ilela khoeli ho basali ba pele ho nako
• lera la mahlo
• kotsi e eketsehileng ea maqeba a mali, stroke le tlhaselo ea pelo
• ho tsoa masapo

Phekolo ea li-hormone ha e sebetse ho phekoleng kankere ea matsoele e amohelang li-hormone receptor.

Lithethefatsi tse lebisitsoeng

Lithethefatsi tse 'maloa li shebile mofetše oa matsoele o tsoetseng pele oa HER2. Hlokomela hore liphekolo tsena ha se kalafo e sebetsang bakeng sa mofetše oa matsoele oa HER2-negative.

Trastuzumab (Herceptin) e tsamaisoa ka methapo mme hangata e laeloa hammoho le chemotherapy. Tekanyo ea pele hangata e nka metsotso e 90. Kamora moo, litekanyetso li nyane mme li nka halofo ea hora. Har'a litla-morao tse ka bang teng ke tsena:

• infusion reaction
• feberu
• ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• letšollo
• tšoaetso
• hlooho e opang
• mokgathala
• lekhopho

Pertuzumab (Perjeta) e boetse e tsamaisoa ka methapo. Mokhahlelo oa pele o nka hoo e ka bang hora. E kanna ea phetoa libeke tse ling le tse ling tse tharo ka tekanyetso e nyane. Hangata e sebelisoa hammoho le chemotherapy. Litla-morao tse tsoang ho pertuzumab le chemotherapy li ka kenyelletsa:

• ho nyekeloa ke pelo
• letšollo
• ho lahleheloa ke moriri
• mokgathala
• lekhopho
• ho senyeha le ho sisinyeha (peripheral neuropathy)

Moriana o mong o nooang ka methapo, ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla) o fuoa matsatsi a mang le a mang a 21. Har'a litla-morao tse ka bang teng ke tsena:

• infusion reaction
• mokgathala
• ho nyekeloa ke pelo
• hlooho le bohloko ba mesifa
• pipitlelano
• nko e tsoa mali le ho tsoa mali

Lapatinib (Tykerb) ke meriana ea molomo. E ka sebelisoa e le mong kapa e kopantsoe le chemotherapy kapa lithethefatsi tse ling tse reretsoeng. Ho ipapisitse le meriana eo e kopantsoeng le eona, lapatinib e ka baka:

• letšollo
• ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• lekhopho
• mokgathala

Litlhare tse latelang tse reretsoeng li sebelisoa ho alafa kankere ea matsoele e tsoetseng pele ea li-hormone receptor-positive / HER2:

Palbociclib (Ibrance) ke meriana ea anoral e sebelisitsoeng ka aromatase inhibitor. Litla-morao li ka kenyelletsa:

• ho nyekeloa ke pelo
• liso tsa molomo
• ho lahleheloa ke moriri
• mokgathala
• letšollo
• kotsi e eketsehileng ea tšoaetso

Moriana oa molomo oa everolimus (Afinitor) o nooa ka molomo mme o sebelisoa hammoho le exemestane (Aromasin). Hangata ha e sebelisoe ho fihlela kamora ho lekoa ha letrozole kapa anastrozole. Litla-morao tse ka bang teng li kenyelletsa:

• phefumoloho e kgutshoane
• khohlela
• bofokoli
• kotsi e kholo ea tšoaetso, lipids tse phahameng tsa mali le tsoekere e phahameng maling

Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa mofetše oa matsoele. Boholo ba nako, sena se tla kenyelletsa motsoako oa litlhare tse 'maloa tsa chemotherapy.

Ha ho na kalafo ea li-hormone kapa e reretsoeng kankere ea matsoele eo ka bobeli e amohelang li-hormone receptor-negative le HER2-negative (eo hape e tsejoang e le mofets'e oa matsoele o nang le makhetlo a mararo, kapa TNBC). Chemotherapy ke kalafo ea mohala oa pele maemong ana.

Chemotherapy ke kalafo e hlophisehileng. E ka fihlela le ho senya lisele tsa mofets'e kae kapa kae 'meleng oa hau. Maemong a mang, litlhare tsa chemotherapy li ka fetisetsoa ka kotlolloho sebakeng se itseng sa metastasis, joalo ka sebete sa hau kapa mokelikeli o potileng boko ba hau.

Lithethefatsi li fanoa ka methapo. Nako ka 'ngoe ea kalafo e ka nka lihora tse' maloa. E fanoa khafetsa ho fihlela libeke tse 'maloa. Sena ke ho lumella 'mele oa hau hore o hlaphoheloe lipakeng tsa kalafo.

Lithethefatsi tsa chemotherapy lia sebetsa hobane li bolaea lisele tsa mofetše tse hōlang kapele. Ka bomalimabe, li ka bolaea lisele tse holang ka potlako tse phetseng hantle. Seo se ka baka litlamorao tse ngata tse ka bang teng, ho kenyelletsa:

• ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• ho lahleheloa ke moriri
• ho felloa ke takatso ya dijo
• pipitlelano kapa letshollo
• mokgathala
• liphetoho letlalo le manala
• liso tsa molomo le marenene a tsoang mali
• maikutlo a fetoha
• ho theola boima ba 'mele
• tahlehelo ea thobalano
• mathata a kemolo

Mahlaseli a kotsi

Maemong a mang, kalafo ea radiation e ka thusa ho phekola mofetše oa matsoele o tsoetseng pele. Mehlala e meng ke ena:

• ho lebisa metastasis sebakeng se itseng, joalo ka boko ba hau kapa mokokotlo oa mokokotlo
• ho thusa ho thibela ho robeha hoa masapo a fokolang
• e shebileng hlahala e bakang leqeba le bulehileng
• ho phekola ho koaloa ha methapo ea mali sebeteng sa hau
• ho fana ka phomolo ea bohloko

Kalafo ya radiation ga e na bohloko. Empa e ka baka ho teneha ha letlalo nakoana le mokhathala oa nako e telele. Hangata e tsamaisoa letsatsi ka leng ho fihlela libeke tse supileng, ka hona ho na le boitlamo ba nako ea letsatsi le letsatsi.

Phekolo

Phekolo e kanna ea ba karolo ea kalafo ea hau ea kankere ea matsoele e tsoetseng pele ka mabaka a 'maloa. Mohlala o mong ke ho buuoa ho tlosa hlahala e hatellang bokong ba hau kapa mokokotlong.

Phekolo e ka sebelisoa hammoho le kalafo ea radiation.

Meriana ea bohloko

Ho ka sebelisoa lithethefatsi tse fapaneng ho alafa bohloko bo amanang le mofets'e oa matsoele o tsoetseng pele.

U ka qala ka ho kokobetsa bohloko bo holimo-le-thekeng. Tse ling tsa tsona ke:

• acetaminophen (Tylenol)
• ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
• naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn)

Bua le ngaka ea hau pele u sebelisa meriana e rekisoang. Tse ling li ka kena-kenana le mekhoa ea hau ea kalafo.

Bakeng sa bohloko bo tebileng, ngaka ea hau e ka u fa opioid ea molomo e kang:

• morphine (MS Tsoela Pele)
• oxycodone (Roxicodone)
• hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
• fentanyl (Duragesic)
• methadone (Dolophine)
• oxymorphone (Opana)
• buprenorphine (Buprenex)

Litla-morao li ka kenyelletsa ho otsela, ho patoa le ho nyekeloa ke pelo. Meriana ena e matla e lokela ho nooa hantle feela joalokaha e laetsoe.

Hangata tsena li sebelisoa bakeng sa bohloko ka lebaka la metastasis ea masapo:

• bisphosphonates: zoledronic acid (Zometa) kapa pamidronate (Aredia), e fanoang ka intravenously
• RANK ligand inhibitor: denosumab (Xgeva kapa Prolia), e fanoeng ka ente

Lithethefatsi tsena li ka thusa ho theola menyetla ea ho robeha ha masapo. Bohloko ba mesifa le masapo ke litlamorao tse ka bang teng.

Mefuta e meng ea meriana ea bohloko ba kankere ea matsoele e tsoetseng pele ke:

• ho imeloa kelellong
• li-anticonvulsants
• li-steroids
• meriana e thethefatsang kutlo ea lehae

Batho ba bang ba na le bothata ba ho koenya lipilisi. Maemong a joalo, meriana e meng ea bohloko e fumaneha ka mokelikeli kapa letlalo. Tse ling li ka fanoa ka methapo kapa ka port chemotherapy kapa catheter.

Phekolo e tlatsanang

Mefuta e meng ea tlatsetso ea kalafo e ka thusang ho laola bohloko ke:

• pheko
• mocheso le mocheso oa ho bata
• kalafo ea ho silila
• boikoetliso bo bonolo kapa kalafo ea mmele
• mekhoa ea boikhathollo e kang ho thuisa le litšoantšo tse tataisitsoeng

Ntlha ea bohlokoa

Kalafo ea kankere ea matsoele e tsoetseng pele e tla etsetsoa litlhoko tsa hau ka bomong le boemo ba hau ba lefu. E kanna ea kenyelletsa kalafo tse ngata ka nako e le ngoe. E lokela ho fetoha le maemo, e fetohe ha litlhoko tsa hau li fetoha.

Ngaka ea hau e tla hlokomela bophelo ba hau le matšoao a hau. Ha ua tlameha ho tsoelapele ka liphekolo tse sa sebetseng.

Puisano e ntle le ngaka ea hau e bohlokoa ho fihlela bophelo bo botle ka ho fetisisa.