Bothata ba ho hanyetsa bo phephetsang ke bofe (TOD)

Litaba

• Matšoao ke afe
• Lisosa tse ka bang teng
• Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba o etsoa joang
• Kalafo ke eng

Boloetse bo hanyetsang bo hanyetsang, bo tsejoang hape e le TOD, hangata bo hlaha nakong ea bongoana, mme bo tšoauoa ka boits'oaro khafetsa ba khalefo, bohale, boiphetetso, phephetso, ho qholotsa, ho se mamele kapa maikutlo a ho hlonama, mohlala.

Kalafo hangata e na le linako tsa kalafo ea kelello le koetliso ea motsoali e le hore ba tsebe ho sebetsana ka katleho le lefu lena. Ho phaella moo, maemong a mang, tšebeliso ea meriana e ka lokafatsoa, ​​e lokelang ho laeloa ke ngaka ea mafu a kelello.

Matšoao ke afe

Boitšoaro le matšoao a ka hlahang ho bana ba nang le bothata bo phephetsang bo khahlanong le ona ke:

• Ho ba mabifi;
• Ho teneha;
• Ho se mamele batho ba baholo;
• Ho ferekana le ho lahleheloa ke khutso;
• Phephetso ea melao;
• Tenehela batho ba bang;
• Ho beha batho ba bang molato ka liphoso tsa bona;
• Khalefo,
• Ho hlonama le ho ferekana habonolo,
• Eba sehlōhō 'me u iphetetse.

E le hore ngoana a fumanoe a na le bothata bo phephetsang bo loantšanang, a ka hlahisa matšoao a 'maloa feela.

Lisosa tse ka bang teng

DSM-5 e arola lisosa tsa kotsi tsa ho holisa bothata bo hanyetsanang le bohale e le bohale, tikoloho, lefutso le mmele.

Mabaka a amanang le mocheso a amana le mathata a taolo ea maikutlo le ho thusa ho noha ketsahalo ea lefu lena. Ntle le moo, mabaka a tikoloho, joalo ka tikoloho eo ngoana a kenngoang ho eona, a amanang le boitšoaro bo mabifi, bo sa lumellaneng kapa bo sa tsotelleng ba batsoali ba bana, le tsona li kenya letsoho kholisong ea lefu lena.

Mokhoa oa ho hlahloba o etsoa joang

Ho latela DSM-5, TOD e ka fumanoa ho bana ba atisang ho bonahatsa matšoao a fetang a mane lenaneng le latelang, ba nkileng bonyane likhoeli tse tšeletseng mme bonyane ho na le motho a le mong eo eseng ngoan'eno:

• Felloa ke moea;
• E nahanela kapa e koata habonolo;
• O koatile ebile o koatile;
• Lipalo tsa ba boholong lipotsong kapa, tabeng ea bana le bacha, batho ba baholo;
• O phephetsa ka matla kapa o hana ho mamela melao kapa likopo tsa ba boholong;
• E tena batho ba bang ka boomo;
• Sola ba bang ka liphoso tsa hau kapa boitšoaro bo bobe;
• O bile khopo kapa a iphetetsa bonyane habeli likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse fetileng.

Hoa hlokahala ho hopola hore phephetso ea bothata bo hanyetsanang e ka ba ho feta ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o phephetsang kapa ho halefa, e leng ntho e tloaelehileng ho bana, hobane boits'oaro ba nakoana ba ho hanyetsa e ka ba karolo ea kholo ea botho bo tloaelehileng. Kahoo, ho bohlokoa hore batsoali, bahlokomeli le matichere ba tsebe ho khetholla boits'oaro bo tloaelehileng ba khanyetso molemong oa kholo ea ngoana, kaha e fumana boikemelo, ho tloha moahong oa bothata ba boits'oaro, moo boitšoaro bo mabifi bo fetelletseng, bokhopo ho batho bo atileng. , ho senngoa ha thepa, mashano, ho teneha le ho se mamele kamehla.

Kalafo ke eng

Kalafo ea phephetso ea bothata bo hanyetsanang e ka fapana haholo mme e kenyelletsa ho khothaletsa koetliso ea batsoali, ka sepheo sa ho sebelisana hantle le ngoana le ho fumana kalafo ea lelapa ho fana ka ts'ehetso le tšehetso ho lelapa.

Ntle le moo, ngoana a ka hloka linako tsa kalafo ea kelello 'me, haeba a khetha, ngaka ea mafu a kelello e ka fana ka litlhare tsa antipsychotic kapa neuroleptic, joalo ka risperidone, quetiapine kapa aripiprazole, li-stabilizers tsa maikutlo, joalo ka lithium carbonate, sodium divalproate, carbamazepine kapa topiramate, lithibela-mafu , joalo ka fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram kapa venlafaxine le / kapa psychostimulants bakeng sa kalafo ea ADHD, ka lebaka la ho kopana khafetsa le TOD, joalo ka methylphenidate.

Ithute haholoanyane mabapi le Attribution Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).