Liteko tsa Osmolality

Litaba

• Liteko tsa osmolality ke life?
• Li sebelisetsoa eng?
• Hobaneng ha ke hloka tlhahlobo ea osmolality?
• Ho etsahalang nakong ea teko ea osmolality?
• Na ke tla hloka ho etsa eng kapa eng ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo?
• Na ho na le likotsi tsa liteko tsa osmolality?
• Liphetho li bolelang?
• Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka liteko tsa osmolality?
• Litšupiso

Liteko tsa osmolality ke life?

Liteko tsa Osmolality li lekanya boholo ba lintho tse itseng maling, morong kapa setuloaneng. Tsena li kenyelletsa tsoekere (tsoekere), urea (litšila tse entsoeng sebeteng), le li-electrolyte tse 'maloa, tse kang sodium, potasiamo le chloride. Li-electrolyte ke lirafshoa tse nang le motlakase. Li thusa ho laola bongata ba maro 'meleng oa hau. Teko e ka bonts'a hore na o na le mokelikeli o sa pheleng hantle oa maro 'meleng oa hau. Tekanyo e sa pheleng ea mokelikeli e ka bakoa ke maemo a fapaneng a fapaneng. Tsena li kenyelletsa ho noa letsoai le feteletseng, lefu la liphio, lefu la pelo le mefuta e meng ea chefo.

Mabitso a mang: osmolality ea serum, osmolality ea plasma osmolality, osmolality ea setulo, lekhalo la osmotic

Li sebelisetsoa eng?

Liteko tsa Osmolality li ka sebelisoa ka mabaka a fapaneng. Teko ea osmolality ea mali, e tsejoang hape e le serum osmolality test, hangata e sebelisoa ho:

• Lekola ho leka-lekana lipakeng tsa metsi le lik'hemik'hale tse itseng maling.
• Fumana hore na o koentse chefo e kang antifreeze kapa ho tšela joala
• Thusa ho fumana ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng, boemo boo' mele oa hao o lahleheloang ke mokelikeli o mongata haholo
• Thusa ho fumana hore na ho na le metsi a mangata ho feta 'mele, boemo boo' mele oa hau o bolokang mokelikeli o mongata haholo
• Thusa ho fumana lefu la tsoekere insipidus, boemo bo amang liphio mme bo ka lebisa ho felloa ke metsi

Ka linako tse ling plasma ea mali le eona e hlahlojoa bakeng sa osmolality. Serum le plasma ka bobeli ke likarolo tsa mali. Lero la mali le na le lintho tse kenyeletsang lisele tsa mali le liprotheine tse itseng. Serum ke mokelikeli o hlakileng o se nang lintho tsena.

Teko ea osmolality ea moroto e sebelisoa khafetsa hammoho le serum osmolality test ho lekola mokelikeli oa 'mele oa mmele. Teko ea moroto e kanna ea sebelisoa ho fumana lebaka la ho ntša metsi ka bongata kapa ho fokotseha.

Teko ea osmolality ea setulo e sebedisoa khafetsa ho fumana lebaka la letšollo le sa foleng le sa bakoang ke tšoaetso ea baktheria kapa ea parasite.

Hobaneng ha ke hloka tlhahlobo ea osmolality?

U kanna ua hloka serum osmolality kapa teko ea osmolality ea moroto haeba u na le matšoao a ho se leka-lekane ha mokelikeli, lefu la tsoekere insipidus, kapa mefuta e meng ea chefo.

Matšoao a ho se leka-lekane ha mokelikeli le lefu la tsoekere insipidus lia tšoana ebile li ka kenyelletsa:

• Lenyora le feteletseng (haeba le omisitsoe)
• Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• Ho opeloa ke hlooho
• Pherekano
• Mokhathala
• Ho oa

Matšoao a chefo a tla fapana ho latela mofuta oa ntho e metsitsoeng, empa a ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho nyekeloa le ho hlatsa
• Ho tsitsipana, boemo bo bakang ho tsitsinyeha ho sa laoleheng ha mesifa ea hau
• Ho phefumoloha ho thata
• Puo e sa hlakang

U kanna ua hloka ho rota metsi ha u na le bothata ba ho ntša metsi kapa u ntša metsi haholo.

U kanna oa hloka teko ea osmolality ea setulo haeba u na le lets'ollo le sa foleng le ke keng la hlalosoa ke tšoaetso ea baktheria kapa likokoana-hloko kapa sesosa se seng se joalo ka ts'enyo ea mala.

Ho etsahalang nakong ea teko ea osmolality?

Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea mali (serum osmolality kapa plasma osmolality):

Ngaka ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo e tla nka sampole ea mali mothapong o letsohong la hao, e sebelisa nale e nyane. Kamora hore nalete e kenngoe, ho tla bokelloa mali a manyane ka har'a pompo ea liteko. U ka ikutloa u hlaba hanyane ha nale e kena kapa e tsoa. Hangata hona ho nka nako e ka tlase ho metsotso e mehlano.

Nakong ea teko ea osmolality ea moroto:

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla hloka ho bokella sampole ea moroto oa hau. O tla fumana setshelo ho bokella moroto le ditaelo tse ikgethang ho etsa bonnete ba hore sampole e nyopa. Litaelo tsena hangata li bitsoa "mokhoa o hloekileng oa ho ts'oasa." Mokhoa o hloekileng oa ho ts'oasa o kenyelletsa mehato e latelang:

• Hlapa matsoho a hao.
• Hloekisa sebaka sa hau sa botona le botšehali ka pampiri ea tlhoekiso eo u e filoeng ke mofani oa hau. Banna ba lokela ho hlakola ntlha ea botona ba bona. Basali ba lokela ho bula libia tsa bona le ho hloekisa ho tloha pele ho ea morao.
• Qala ho ntša metsi ka ntloaneng.
• Tsamaisa setshelo sa pokello tlasa molapo oa hau oa moroto.
• Bokella bonyane hora e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tsa moroto ka har'a setshelo, se lokelang ho ba le matšoao ho bonts'a chelete.
• Qeta ho rota ka ntlwaneng.
• Khutlisetsa setshelo sa mohlala ho mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Nakong ea teko ea osmolality ea setuloana:

U tla hloka ho fana ka sampole ea setuloana. Mofani oa hau o tla u fa litaelo tse tobileng tsa hore na u ka bokella joang le ho romella sampole ea hau. Litaelo tsa hau li ka kenyelletsa tse latelang:

• Apara para ea litlelafo kapa latex.
• Bokella le ho boloka setuloana ka setshelong se khethehileng seo u se filoeng ke mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo kapa laboraka. U ka fumana sesebelisoa kapa sesebelisoa ho u thusa ho bokella sampole.
• Etsa bonnete ba hore ha ho na moroto, metsi a ntloaneng, kapa pampiri ea ntloaneng e sa kopaneng le sampole.
• Tšoaea 'me u tšoaee setshelo.
• Tlosa liatlana 'me u hlatsoe matsoho.
• Khutlisetsa setshelo ho mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo kapa laboraka kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang. Haeba u nahana hore u ka ba le bothata ba ho isa sampole ea hau ka nako, bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Na ke tla hloka ho etsa eng kapa eng ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo?

U kanna ua hloka ho itima lijo (u se ke ua ja kapa ua noa) lihora tse 6 pele ho tlhahlobo kapa u fokotsa maro a lihora tse 12 ho isa ho tse 14 pele ho tlhahlobo. Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla u tsebisa haeba ho na le litaelo tse khethehileng tseo u lokelang ho li latela.

Na ho na le likotsi tsa liteko tsa osmolality?

Ho na le kotsi e nyane haholo ea ho etsa tlhahlobo ea mali. U kanna oa ba le mahlaba a fokolang kapa ho longoa moo nale e kentsoeng teng, empa matšoao a mangata a fela kapele.

Ha ho na kotsi ea ho etsa tlhahlobo ea moroto kapa setuloana.

Liphetho li bolelang?

Haeba sephetho sa hau sa serum osmolality se ne se sa tloaeleha, ho kanna ha bolela hore o na le a mang a maemo a latelang:

• Antifreeze kapa mofuta o mong oa chefo
• Ho felloa ke metsi kapa metsi
• Letsoai le lengata haholo kapa le lenyane haholo maling
• Lefu la tsoekere insipidus
• Leqeba

Haeba sephetho sa hau sa moroto se sa tloaelehang se ka bolela hore o na le a mang a maemo a latelang:

• Ho felloa ke metsi kapa metsi
• Ho hloleha ha pelo
• Lefu la sebete
• Lefu la liphio

Haeba sephetho sa hau sa setuloana sa setuloana se ne se sa tloaeleha, ho ka bolela hore u na le e 'ngoe ea maemo a latelang:

• Letšollo le nang le 'nete, boemo bo bakoang ke tšebeliso e feteletseng ea litlhare
• Malabsorption, boemo bo amang bokhoni ba hau ba ho cheka le ho nka limatlafatsi lijong

Haeba u na le lipotso mabapi le liphetho tsa hau, bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Ithute haholoanyane ka liteko tsa laboratori, libaka tsa litšupiso, le liphetho tsa kutloisiso.

Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka liteko tsa osmolality?

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka odara liteko tse ling hammoho kapa kamora 'tlhahlobo ea hau ea osmolality. Tsena li ka kenyelletsa:

• Palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC)
• Teko ea mali urea nitrogen (BUN)
• Teko ea tsoekere ea mali
• Phanele ea Electrolyte
• Teko ea mali ea albin
• Teko ea mali a boloi ba Fecal (FOBT)

Litšupiso

1. Clinical Lab Manger [Inthaneteng]. Motsamaisi oa Clinical Lab; c2020. Osmolality; [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: http://www.clinlabnavigator.com/osmolality.html
2. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001--2020. Nitrojene ea mali ea Urea (BUN); [e ntlafalitsoeng ka la 2020 Phato 31; e qotsitsoeng ka 2020 Jun 4]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/blood-urea-nitrogen-bun
3. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001--2020. Malabsorption; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Nov 11; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2020 Mphalane 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/conditions/malabsorption
4. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001--2020. Osmolality le Lekhalo la Osmolal; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Nov 20; e qotsitsoeng 2020 ka la 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/osmolality-and-osmolal-gap
5. LOINC [Marang-rang]. Setsi sa Regenstrief, Inc .; c1994-2020. Osmolality ea Serum kapa Plasma; [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho: https://loinc.org/2692-2
6. Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Inthanete]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1995-2020. ID ea Teko: CPAVP: Copeptin proAVP, Plasma: Clinical and Interpretive; [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/603599
7. Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Inthanete]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1995-2020. ID ea Teko: CPAVP: Copeptin proAVP, Plasma: Specimen; [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayocliniclabs.com/test-catalog/Specimen/603599
8. Phetolelo ea Merck Manual Consumer [Inthanete]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2020. Ho haelloa ke metsi 'meleng; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Jan; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2020 Mphalane 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/hormonal-and-metabolic-disorders/water-balance/overhydration
9. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Kankere [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Bukana ea Kankere ea Kankere ea Kankere ea NCI: ho tsitsipana; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2020 Mots'eanong 4]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/convulsion
10. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Kankere [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Bukana ea Tlhatlhobo ea Kankere ea NCI: plasma; [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/search?contains=false&q=plasma
11. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Kankere [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Bukantswe ya NCI ya Dipehelo tsa Kankere: serum; [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/search?contains=false&q=serum
12. National Heart, Lung, le Setsi sa Mali [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Liteko tsa Mali; [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
13. Bophelo ba UF: Univesithi ea Florida Health [Marang-rang]. Gainesville (FL): Univesithi ea Florida Health; c2020. Chefo ea Ethanol: Kakaretso; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2020 ka la 30 Mmesa; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2020 Mphalane 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://ufhealth.org/ethanol-poisoning
14. Bophelo ba UF: Univesithi ea Florida Health [Marang-rang]. Gainesville (FL): Univesithi ea Florida Health; c2020. Chefo ea Ethylene glycol: Kakaretso; [e nchafalitsoeng 2020 ka la 30 Mar. e qotsitsoeng ka la 2020 Mphalane 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://ufhealth.org/ethylene-glycol-poisoning
15. Bophelo ba UF: Univesithi ea Florida Health [Marang-rang]. Gainesville (FL): Univesithi ea Florida Health; c2020. Chefo ea Methanol: Kakaretso; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2020 ka la 30 Mmesa; e qotsitsoeng 2020 ka la 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://ufhealth.org/methanol-poisoning
16. Bophelo ba UF: Univesithi ea Florida Health [Marang-rang]. Gainesville (FL): Univesithi ea Florida Health; c2020. Teko ea mali ea Osmolality: Kakaretso; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2020 ka la 30 Mmesa; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2020 Mphalane 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://ufhealth.org/osmolality-blood-test
17. Bophelo ba UF: Univesithi ea Florida Health [Marang-rang]. Gainesville (FL): Univesithi ea Florida Health; c2020. Teko ea moroto oa Osmolality: Kakaretso; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2020 ka la 30 Mmesa; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2020 Mphalane 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://ufhealth.org/osmolality-urine-test
18. Setsi sa Bongaka sa Rochester [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Setsi sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Rochester; c2020. Health Encyclopedia: Electrolyte [e qotsitsoeng ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=electrolytes
19. Setsi sa Bongaka sa Rochester [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Setsi sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Rochester; c2020. Health Encyclopedia: Osmolality (Mali); [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=osmolality_blood
20. Setsi sa Bongaka sa Rochester [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Setsi sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Rochester; c2020. Health Encyclopedia: Osmolality (Setuloana); [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=osmolality_stool
21. Setsi sa Bongaka sa Rochester [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Setsi sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Rochester; c2020. Health Encyclopedia: Osmolality (Urine); [e qotsitsoe ka la 30 Mmesa 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=osmolality_urine
22. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2020. Tlhahisoleseling ea Bophelo: Serum Osmolality: Liphetho [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Jul 28; e qotsitsoeng 2020 ka la 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 8]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/serum-osmolality/hw203418.html#hw203430
23. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2020. Tlhahisoleseling ea Bophelo: Serum Osmolality: Kakaretso ea Teko; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Jul 28; e qotsitsoeng 2020 ka la 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/serum-osmolality/hw203418.html
24. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2020. Tlhahisoleseling ea bophelo bo botle: Serum Osmolality: Hobaneng e etsoa; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Jul 28; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2020 Mphalane 30]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/serum-osmolality/hw203418.html#hw203425
25. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2020. Tlhahisoleseling ea Bophelo: Tlhatlhobo ea Stool: Kamoo E Etsoang Kateng; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Dec 8; e qotsitsoeng ka la 2020 Mphalane 30]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/stool-analysis/aa80714.html#tp16701
26. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2020. Tlhahisoleseling ea Bophelo: Teko ea Moroto: Kamoo E Etsoang Kateng; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2019 Dec 8; e qotsitsoeng 2020 ka la 30]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/urine-test/hw6580.html#hw6624

Tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang sebakeng sena sa marang-rang ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho nka sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea bongaka le likeletso. Ikopanye le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le lipotso ka bophelo ba hau.