Phepo ea batsoali: ke eng, e etsetsoa eng le hore na u ka e tsamaisa joang

Litaba

• Ha e bonts'oa
• Mokhoa oa ho laola phepo ea botsoali
• Seo u lokelang ho se hlokomela nakong ea tsamaiso
• Mofuta oa phepo ea malapa
• Mathata a ka bang teng
• 1. Nako e khuts'oane
• 2. Nako e telele

Phepo ea parenteral, kapa parenteral (PN), ke mokhoa oa ho tsamaisa limatlafatsi tse etsoang ka kotlolloho mothapong, ha ho sa khonehe ho fumana limatlafatsi ka lijo tse tloaelehileng. Kahoo, mofuta ona oa phepo e sebelisoa ha motho a se a sena tšebetso ea meno, e atisang ho etsahala ho batho ba maemong a boima haholo, joalo ka mofetše oa mala kapa mala ka nako e tsoetseng pele haholo, mohlala.

Ho na le mefuta e 'meli e meholo ea phepo ea malapa:

• Phepo e nepahetseng ea botsoali: ho fanoa ka mefuta e fokolang feela ea limatlafatsi le livithamini ka mothapo;
• Kakaretso ea phepo ea malapa (TPN): mefuta eohle ea limatlafatsi le livithamini e tsamaisoa ka mothapo.

Ka kakaretso, batho ba etsang mofuta ona oa lijo le bona ba amoheloa sepetlele ho boloka tlhahlobo e tsoelang pele ea boemo ba bona ba bophelo bo botle, leha ho le joalo, ho ka etsahala hore, maemong a mang, phepo ea botsoali e etsoa malapeng mme, maemong ana, ngaka kapa mooki o tlameha ho hlalosa hore na a ka tsamaisa lijo joang ka nepo.

Ha e bonts'oa

Phepo ea motsoali e sebelisetsoa ho thibela khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng, haholo-holo ho batho bao, ka mabaka a itseng, ba se nang tšebetso ea mala kapa ba hlokang ho fa mpa kapa mala phomolo.

Ka lebaka lena, phepo ea botsoali le eona e bonts'oa ha phepo ea molomo, leha e na le tube, e ke ke ea etsoa tlasa maemo a matle ho feta matsatsi a 5 kapa a 7.

Pontšo ea mofuta ona oa phepo e ka etsoa ka nako e khuts'oane, ha e etsoa ho fihlela khoeli e le 'ngoe, kapa nako e telele, ho latela maemo a motho ka mong:

Mokhoa oa ho laola phepo ea botsoali

Boholo ba nako, phepo ea botsoali e etsoa ke baoki sepetlele, leha ho le joalo, ha ho hlokahala ho etsa tsamaiso lapeng, ho bohlokoa ho qala ho lekola mokotla oa lijo, ho netefatsa hore o nakong ea ho felloa ke nako, hore mokotla o lula o tiile mme o boloka litšobotsi tsa ona tse tloaelehileng.

Ha ho le joalo, maemong a tsamaiso ka catheter ea pheriferale, motho o tlameha ho latela mohato ka mohato:

1. Hlapa matsoho ka sesepa le metsi;
2. Emisa ho tšeloa ha serum kapa moriana o tsamaisoang ka catheter;
3. Sebelisa likokoana-hloko ka khokahano ea serum, u sebelisa sesepa sa joala se sa hlonepheng
4. Tlosa tsamaiso ea serum e neng e le teng;
5. Butle-butle o kenya 20 mL ea letsoai;
6. Kopanya sistimi ea phepo ea malapa.

Ts'ebetso ena kaofela e tlameha ho etsoa ho sebelisoa thepa e bontšitsoeng ke ngaka kapa mooki, hammoho le pompo ea phepelo e lekantsoeng e netefatsang hore lijo li fanoa ka lebelo le nepahetseng le ka nako e bontšitsoeng ke ngaka.

Mohato ka mohato le ona o lokela ho rutoa le ho koetlisoa le mooki sepetlele, ho tlosa lipelaelo le ho netefatsa hore mathata ha a hlahe.

Seo u lokelang ho se hlokomela nakong ea tsamaiso

Ha o fana ka phepo ea botsoali, ho bohlokoa ho lekola sebaka sa ho kenya catheter, ho lekola boteng ba ho ruruha, bofubelu kapa bohloko. Haeba efe kapa efe ea matšoao ana a hlaha, ho bohlokoa hore o emise ho fepa motsoali ebe o ea sepetlele.

Mofuta oa phepo ea malapa

Mofuta oa phepo ea malapa o ka aroloa ho latela tsela ea tsamaiso:

• Phepo e nepahetseng ea malapa: e entsoe ka catheter e nang le venous e bohareng, e leng tube e nyane e kentsoeng kahare ho mothapo o moholo oa caliber, joalo ka vena cava, mme e lumellang tsamaiso ea limatlafatsi nako e fetang matsatsi a 7;
• Phepo ea pheliso ea malapa (NPP): e etsoa ka catheter ea venous ea methapo, e kenngoang mothapong o monyane oa 'mele, hangata letsohong kapa letsohong. Mofuta ona o bontšoa hantle ha phepo e bolokiloe ho fihlela matsatsi a 7 kapa a 10, kapa ha ho sa khonehe ho beha catheter e bohareng ea venous.

Sebopeho sa mekotla e sebelisitsoeng phepong ea malapa se ka fapana ho latela maemo ka 'ngoe, empa hangata se kenyelletsa mafura, tsoekere le amino acid, hammoho le metsi le liminerale tse fapaneng le livithamini.

Mathata a ka bang teng

Mathata a ka hlahang ka phepo ea motsoali a fapane haholo, ka hona, ho bohlokoa kamehla ho latela tataiso eohle e entsoeng ke ngaka le litsebi tse ling tsa bophelo bo botle.

Mefuta ea mantlha ea mathata e ka hlophisoa ho latela nako ea PN:

1. Nako e khuts'oane

Ka nako e khuts'oane, mathata a atileng khafetsa a kenyelletsa a amanang le ho beoa ha catheter e bohareng ea venous, joalo ka pneumothorax, hydrothorax, hemorrhage ka hare, tšenyo ea methapo letsohong kapa tšenyo ea methapo ea mali.

Ntle le moo, ts'oaetso ea leqeba la catheter, ho ruruha ha methapo ea mali, tšitiso ea catheter, thrombosis kapa tšoaetso e akaretsang ke livaerase, libaktheria kapa li-fungus.

Boemong ba metabolism, mathata a mangata a kenyelletsa liphetoho maemong a tsoekere ea mali, metabolism ea metabolism kapa alkalosis, ho fokotsa mafura a mafura a bohlokoa, liphetoho ho li-electrolyte (sodium, potasiamo, calcium) le keketseho ea urea kapa creatinine.

2. Nako e telele

Ha phepo ea motsoali e sebelisoa nako e telele, mathata a mantlha a kenyelletsa liphetoho sebeteng le seaparo, joalo ka sebete sa mafura, cholecystitis le portal fibrosis. Ka lebaka lena, ho tloaelehile hore motho a hlahise keketseho ea li-enzyme tsa sebete litekong tsa mali (transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-GT le kakaretso ea bilirubin).

Ntle le moo, ho ka ba le khaello ea mafura le mafura a 'mele, phetoho ea limela tsa mala le ho felloa ke matla ha matšoafo le mesifa.