Kalafo e ncha le ea hajoale ea COPD

Litaba

• Li-bronchodilator tse sebetsang nako e telele
• Ba bronchodilator ba nakoana
• Likokoana-hloko tsa Anticholinergic
• Li-inhalers tsa motsoako
• Meriana ea molomo
• Phekolo
• Bullectomy
• Ho buuoa ka phokotso ea bophahamo ba modumo
• Ho buuoa ka valve ea Endobronchial
• Litlhare tsa nakong e tlang bakeng sa COPD
• Tsa Tsau-tsau

Lefu le sa foleng la pulmonary pulmonary (COPD) ke lefu le sa foleng la ho ruruha la matšoafo le bakang matšoao a kang ho phefumoloha ka thata, ho hlahisa tlhahiso ea mamina, ho thatafala ha sefuba, ho hema le ho khohlela.

Ha ho na pheko bakeng sa COPD, empa kalafo ea boemo bo ka u thusa ho e laola le ho phela bophelo bo bolelele. Pele, o tla hloka ho tlohela ho tsuba haeba o tsuba. Ngaka ea hau e kanna ea u fa bronchodilator, e kanna ea nka nako e khuts'oane kapa ea nka nako e telele. Meriana ena e kokobetsa mesifa e potileng meea ea hau ea moea ho imolla matšoao.

U kanna oa bona ntlafatso ka litlatsetso tsa kalafo tse kang li-inhaled steroids, li-steroids tsa molomo, le lithibela-mafu, hammoho le kalafo tse ling tsa hajoale le tse ncha tsa COPD.

Li-inhalers

Li-bronchodilator tse sebetsang nako e telele

Li-bronchodilator tsa nako e telele li sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea tlhokomelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi ho laola matšoao. Meriana ena e kokobetsa matšoao ka ho phomotsa mesifa moeeng le ho tlosa mameno matšoafong.

Li-bronchodilator tse sebetsang nako e telele li kenyelletsa salmeterol, formoterol, vilanterol le olodaterol.

Indacaterol (Arcapta) ke bronchodilator e ncha e sebetsang nako e telele. Tsamaiso ea Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi (FDA) e amohetse sethethefatsi ka 2011. E sebetsana le tšitiso ea moea o kenang e bakoang ke COPD.

Indacaterol e nkoa hanngoe ka letsatsi. E sebetsa ka ho hlasimolla enzyme e thusang lisele tsa mesifa matšoafong a hao hore li phomole. E qala ho sebetsa ka potlako, 'me litlamorao tsa eona li ka nka nako e telele.

Meriana ena ke khetho haeba u phefumoloha ha nakoana kapa u hema le li-bronchodilator tse ling tse telele. Litla-morao tse ka bang teng li kenyelletsa ho khohlela, ho tsoa nko, ho tšoaroa ke hlooho, ho nyekeloa ke pelo le ho tšoha.

Ngaka ea hau e ka khothaletsa bronchodilator ea nako e telele haeba u na le COPD le asthma.

Ba bronchodilator ba nakoana

Li-bronchodilator tsa nakoana, tseo ka linako tse ling li bitsoang pholoso inhalers, ha se hakaalo hore li sebelisoa letsatsi le leng le le leng. Li-inhalers tsena li sebelisoa ha ho hlokahala mme li fana ka phomolo e potlakileng ha o na le mathata a ho hema.

Mefuta ena ea li-bronchodilator e kenyelletsa albuterol (Ventolin HFA), metaproterenol (Alupent) le levalbuterol (Xopenex).

Likokoana-hloko tsa Anticholinergic

Anticholinergic inhaler ke mofuta o mong oa bronchodilator bakeng sa kalafo ea COPD. E thusa ho thibela mesifa e tiise ho potoloha le moea, hape.

E fumaneha joalo ka inhaler ea metered-dose inhaler, le ka sebopeho sa mokelikeli bakeng sa li-nebulizers. Li-inhalers tsena li ka nka nako e khuts'oane kapa tsa nka nako e telele. Ngaka ea hau e ka khothaletsa anticholinergic haeba u na le COPD le asthma ka bobeli.

Anticholinergic inhalers e kenyelletsa tiotropium (Spiriva), ipratropium, aclidinium (Tudorza), le umeclidinium (e fumanehang ka kopanelo).

Li-inhalers tsa motsoako

Li-steroids li ka fokotsa ho ruruha ha moea. Ka lebaka lena, batho ba bang ba nang le COPD ba sebelisa bronchodilator inhaler hammoho le steroid e inhaled. Empa ho tsamaisana le li-inhalers tse peli e ka ba tšitiso.

Li-inhaler tse ling tse ncha li kopanya meriana ea bronchodilator le steroid. Tsena li bitsoa li-inhalers tse kopaneng.

Mefuta e meng ea li-inhalers tse kopaneng e teng hape. Ka mohlala, ba bang ba kopanya meriana ea li-bronchodilator tse sebetsang nakoana le anticholinergic inhalers kapa li-bronchodilator tse sebetsang nako e telele tse nang le li-inhaler tsa anticholinergic.

Ho boetse ho na le kalafo e hemeloang hararo ea COPD e bitsoang fluticasone / umeclidinium / vilanterol (Trelegy Ellipta). Meriana ena e kopanya meriana e meraro ea nako e telele ea COPD.

Meriana ea molomo

Roflumilast (Daliresp) e thusa ho fokotsa ho ruruha ha moea ho batho ba nang le COPD e matla. Meriana ena e ka loants'a tšenyo ea lisele, butle-butle e ntlafatsa tšebetso ea matšoafo.

Roflumilast e etselitsoe batho ba nang le nalane ea ho mpefala ho matla ha COPD. Ha e etsetsoe motho e mong le e mong.

Litla-morao tse ka hlahang ka roflumilast li kenyelletsa letšollo, ho nyekeloa ke pelo, bohloko ba mokokotlo, ho ba le botsoa, ​​ho fokotsa takatso ea lijo le hlooho.

Phekolo

Batho ba bang ba nang le COPD e matla qetellong ba hloka ho fetisoa ha matšoafo. Tsamaiso ena ea hlokahala ha mathata a ho hema a beha bophelo kotsing.

Ho kenyelletsa matšoafo ho tlosa matšoafo a senyehileng ebe ho nkeloa sebaka ke mofani ea phetseng hantle. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mefuta e meng ea lits'ebetso tse etsoang ho alafa COPD. U kanna ua ba moemeli oa mofuta o mong oa ho buuoa.

Bullectomy

COPD e ka senya mekotla ea moea matšoafong a hau, e leng se hlahisang nts'etsopele ea libaka tsa moea tse bitsoang bullae. Ha libaka tsena tsa moea li hola kapa li hola, ho hema ho ba tlase ebile ho ba thata.

Bullectomy ke ts'ebetso ea ho buoa e tlosang mekotla ea moea e senyehileng. E ka fokotsa ho hema le ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea matšoafo.

Ho buuoa ka phokotso ea bophahamo ba modumo

COPD e baka tšenyo ea matšoafo, e nang le seabo ho mathata a ho hema. Ho ea ka American Lung Association, opereishene ena e tlosa liperesente tse 30 tsa lisele tsa matšoafo tse senyehileng kapa tse kulang.

Ha likarolo tse senyehileng li tlositsoe, diaphragm ea hau e ka sebetsa hantle, ea u lumella ho hema habonolo.

Ho buuoa ka valve ea Endobronchial

Mokhoa ona o sebelisetsoa ho phekola batho ba nang le emphysema e matla, mofuta oa COPD.

Ka ho etsa opereishene ea endobronchial valve, li-valve tse nyane tsa Zephyr li beoa moeeng oa moea ho thibela likarolo tse senyehileng tsa matšoafo. Sena se fokotsa hyperinflation, e lumellang likarolo tse phetseng hantle tsa matšoafo a hao hore li sebetse hantle.

Ho buuoa ka li-valve ho boetse ho fokotsa khatello ea sefahleho mme ho fokotsa ho hema.

Litlhare tsa nakong e tlang bakeng sa COPD

COPD ke boemo bo amang batho lefatšeng ka bophara. Lingaka le bafuputsi ba ntse ba sebeletsa ho etsa meriana le mekhoa e mecha ea ho ntlafatsa phefumoloho bakeng sa ba nang le boemo bona.

Liteko tsa bongaka li hlahloba katleho ea lithethefatsi tsa biologic bakeng sa kalafo ea COPD. Biologics ke mofuta oa kalafo o shebileng mohloli oa ho ruruha.

Liteko tse ling li hlahlobile sethethefatsi se bitsoang anti-interleukin 5 (IL-5). Moriana ona o shebile ho ruruha ha sefofane. Ho hlokometsoe hore batho ba bang ba nang le COPD ba na le palo e kholo ea li-eosinophil, mofuta o khethehileng oa sele e tšoeu ea mali. Meriana ena ea biologic e ka fokotsa kapa ea fokotsa palo ea li-eosinophil tsa mali, ea fana ka phomolo ho COPD.

Lipatlisiso tse ling lia hlokahala, leha ho le joalo. Hajoale, ha ho na lithethefatsi tsa biologic tse amoheloang kalafo ea COPD.

Liteko tsa bongaka li ntse li lekola ts'ebeliso ea kalafo ea stem cell bakeng sa kalafo ea COPD. Haeba e amoheloa nakong e tlang, mofuta ona oa kalafo o ka sebelisoa ho nchafatsa lisele tsa matšoafo le ho khutlisa tšenyo ea matšoafo.

Tsa Tsau-tsau

COPD e ka tloha ho tloha boemong bo bonolo ho ea ho bo matla. Kalafo ea hau e tla itšetleha ka ho tiea ha matšoao a hau. Haeba kalafo ea moetlo kapa ea mohala oa pele e sa ntlafatse COPD ea hau, bua le ngaka ea hau. U kanna oa ba moemeli oa kalafo ea tlatsetso kapa kalafo e ncha.