Ente ea COVID-19 e Sebetsa Hakae?

Litaba

• Ente ea COVID-19 e sebetsa joang?
• Ente ea COVID-19 e sebetsa hakae?
• See se bolela'ng ho uena?
• Tlhahlobo bakeng sa

Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi (FDA) e se e lumelletse liente tse peli tsa COVID-19 ho la US hore li sebelisoe ke sechaba ka kakaretso. Bakhethoa ba ente ho tsoa ho Pfizer le Moderna ba bonts'itse litholoana tse ts'episang litekong tse kholo tsa bongaka, mme lits'ebetso tsa bophelo bo botle naheng ka bophara li se li fetisetsa liente tsena ho batho ba bangata.

Litaba tsohle ke litaba tse monate - haholoholo kamora ho qeta selemo se le seng sa bophelo ba #pandemiclife - empa ke ha tlhaho ho ba le lipotso mabapi le katleho ea ente ea COVID-19 le hore na, hantle-ntle, sena se bolela eng ho uena.

Ente ea COVID-19 e sebetsa joang?

Ho na le liente tse peli tse kholo tse hapang tlhokomelo US hajoale: E 'ngoe e entsoe ke Pfizer,' me e 'ngoe ke Moderna. Likhamphani ka bobeli li sebelisa mofuta o mocha oa ente e bitsoang messenger RNA (mRNA).

Liente tsena tsa mRNA li sebetsa ka ho kenyelletsa karolo ea protheine ea spike e fumanehang holim'a SARS-CoV-2, kokoana-hloko e bakang COVID-19, ho latela Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sebakeng sa ho kenya vaerase e sa sebetseng 'meleng oa hau (joalo ka ha ho etsoa ka ente ea ntaramane), liente tsa mRNA li sebelisa likotoana tsa protheine e kentsoeng ho tsoa ho SARs-CoV-2 ho tsosa karabelo ea 'mele ea hau ea ho itšireletsa mafung le ho hlahisa li-antibodies, ho hlalosa setsebi sa mafu a tšoaetsanoang Amesh A. Adalja, MD, setsebi se phahameng Setsing sa Johns Hopkins sa Ts'ireletso ea Bophelo.

'Mele oa hau qetellong o tlosa protheine le mRNA, empa li-antibodies li na le matla a ho lula. CDC e tlaleha hore ho hlokahala tlhaiso-leseling e ngata ho netefatsa hore na li-antibodies tse hahiloeng ka ente e tla nka nako e kae. (Related: Sephetho sa Positive Coronavirus Antibody Test Ha e le Hantle se Bolela'ng?)

Vaksine e 'ngoe e theosa le phaephe ke ea Johnson & Johnson. Khampani e sa tsoa phatlalatsa kopo ea eona ho FDA bakeng sa tumello ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ebeliso ea ts'ohanyetso ea ente ea eona ea COVID, e sebetsang ka tsela e fapaneng hanyane ho feta ea ente e entsoeng ke Pfizer le Moderna. Taba ea pele, ha se ente ea mRNA. Ho e-na le hoo, vaksine ea Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 ke vaksine ea adenovector, e bolelang hore e sebelisa vaerase e sa sebetseng (adenovirus, e bakang sefuba se tloaelehileng) joalo ka sesebelisoa sa ho tsamaisa liprotheine (ntlheng ena, protheine ea spike e kaholimo ho SARS -CoV-2) eo 'mele oa hau o ka e bonang e le tšokelo mme oa theha li-antibodies khahlanong le tsona. (Ho feta mona: Ntho e ngoe le e ngoe eo u hlokang ho e tseba ka vaksine ea Johnson & Johnson ea COVID-19)

Ente ea COVID-19 e sebetsa hakae?

Pfizer e arolelane mathoasong a Pulungoana hore vaksine ea eona e "sebetsa ho feta liperesente tse 90" ho sireletsa 'mele ho tsoa tšoaetsong ea COVID-19. Moderna e boetse e senotse hore ente ea eona e sebetsa hantle ka liperesente tse 94.5 ho sireletsa batho ho COVID-19.

Bakeng sa maemo, ha ho so be le ente ea mRNA e amohetsoeng ke FDA pejana. Jill Weatherhead, MD, motlatsi oa moprofesa oa bongaka ba tropike le mafu a tšoaetsanoang Baylor College of Medicine o re: "Ha ho na liente tsa mRNA tse nang le laesense ho fihlela joale kaha ena ke theknoloji e ncha ea ente." Ka lebaka leo, ha ho na data e fumanehang, mabapi le katleho kapa ho seng joalo, e phaella ka Dr. Weatherhead.

Ho boletse joalo, liente tsena le mahlale a morao-rao "li lekile ka matla," Sarah Kreps, Ph.D., moprofesa lefapheng la mmuso ebile e le moprofesa oa molao oa univesithi ea Cornell, ea sa tsoa phatlalatsa pampiri ea mahlale mabapi le lintlha tse ka susumetsang boikemisetso ba batho ba baholo ba US ho fumana ente ea COVID-19, e re Sebopeho.

Ebile, CDC e tlaleha hore bafuputsi ba ntse ba ithuta liente tsa mRNA bakeng sa "mashome a lilemo" litekong tsa kalafo tsa mafu a feberu, Zika, rabies le cytomegalovirus (mofuta oa herpesvirus). Liente tsena ha li e-so fete methati ea pele ka mabaka a 'maloa, ho kenyelletsa "liphetho tse sa reroang tsa ho ruruha" le "likarabelo tse itekanetseng tsa 'mele oa ho itšireletsa mafung," ho latela CDC. Leha ho le joalo, tsoelo-pele ea morao-rao ea mahlale "e fokolitse liphephetso tsena mme e ntlafalitse botsitso, polokeho le ts'ebetso ea bona," ka hona ho betla tsela bakeng sa liente tsa COVID-19, ho latela lefapha. (Related: Na Flu Shot e ka U Sireletsa ho Coronavirus?)

Ha e le vaksine ea adenovector ea Johnson & Johnson, k'hamphani e boletse phatlalatsong ea boralitaba hore teko ea eona e kholo ea bongaka ea batho ba ka bang 44,000 e fumane hore, ka kakaretso, ente ea eona ea COVID-19 e ne e sebetsa hantle ka liperesente tsa 85 ho thibela COVID-19 e matla, ka "e felletseng" tshireletso kgahlanong le kokelo le lefu la amanang le COVID "matsatsi a 28 kamora ho entwa.

Ho fapana le liente tsa mRNA, liente tsa adenovector tse kang Johnson & Johnson's ha se mohopolo o mocha. Ente ea Oxford le AstraZeneca ea COVID-19 - e ileng ea amoheloa hore e ka sebelisoa EU le UK ka Pherekhong (hajoale FDA e emetse lintlha tse tsoang tekong ea bongaka ea AstraZeneca pele e nahana ka tumello ea U.S.New York Times litlaleho) - e sebelisa theknoloji e tšoanang ea adenovirus. Johnson & Johnson le bona ba sebelisitse theknoloji ena ho theha ente ea eona ea Ebola, e bonts'itsoeng e bolokehile ebile e sebetsa hantle ho hlahiseng karabelo ea boits'ireletso 'meleng.

See se bolela'ng ho uena?

Ho re ente ke karolo ea 90 lekholong (kapa ho feta) ho utloahala ho le monate. Empa na see se bolela liente thibela COVID-19 kapa sireletsa uena ho kula haholo haeba u tšoaelitsoe - kapa ka bobeli? Hoa ferekanya hanyenyane.

"Liteko tsa [Moderna le Pfizer] li ne li hlile li etselitsoe ho bonts'a matla khahlanong le lefu la matšoao, ho sa tsotelehe matšoao ao," ho bolela Thomas Russo, M.D., moprofesa le hlooho ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang Univesithing ea Buffalo New York. Ha e le hantle, liperesente tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso li fana ka maikutlo a hore u ka lebella ho se be le matšoao a COVID-19 kamora hore u entoe ka botlalo (liente tsa Pfizer le tsa Moderna li hloka litekanyetso tse peli - libeke tse tharo lipakeng tsa lithunya tsa Pfizer, libeke tse 'ne lipakeng tsa lithunya tsa Moderna) , ho hlalosa Ngaka Russo. 'Me haeba u etsa o ntse o nts'etsapele tšoaetso ea COVID-19 kamora ho enta, mohlomong o ke ke oa ba le mofuta o matla oa vaerase, oa eketsa. (E amanang: Na Coronavirus e ka baka Letšollo?)

Le ha liente li bonahala li "sebetsa hantle" ho sirelletsa 'mele ho COVID-19, "joale re ntse re leka ho tseba hore na li thibela ho hasana ho sa bonahaleng," ho bolela Dr. Adalja. Ho bolelang, datha hajoale e bontša hore liente li ka fokotsa haholo menyetla eo u ka bang le matšoao a COVID-19 (kapa, bonyane, matšoao a matla) haeba u ka kopana le vaerase. Empa lipatlisiso ha joale ha li bontše hore na u ntse u ka tšoaetsoa COVID-19, u sa hlokomele hore u na le vaerase, ebe u e fetisetsa ho ba bang ka mor'a ho entoa.

Ka sena kelellong, "ha ho hlake hona joale" hore na ente e tla thibela batho ho jala vaerase, ho bolela Lewis Nelson, MD, moprofesa le molulasetulo oa bongaka ba tšohanyetso Rutgers New Jersey Medical School le mookameli oa ts'ebeletso lefapheng la tšohanyetso. Sepetlele sa Univesithi.

Ntlha ea bohlokoa: "Na ente ee e ka etsa hore kokoana-hloko e felisoe ka ho feletseng, kapa e re sireletse ho mafu a matšoao? Ha re tsebe, "ho bolela Dr. Russo.

Hape, liente ha lia ithutoa ka bongata ba bana, leha e le ho bakhachane kapa basali ba anyesang, ho thatafalletsa lingaka ho khothaletsa ente ea COVID-19 ho batho bao hajoale. Empa seo sea fetoha, kaha "Pfizer le Moderna ba ngolisa bana ba lilemo li 12 ho ea holimo," ho bolela Dr. Weatherhead. Le hoja "boitsebiso bo sebetsang ba bana bo ntse bo sa tsejoe," "ha ho na lebaka la ho nahana hore [phello] e tla fapana haholo le seo liphuputso tsa [hona joale] li se bontšang," ho phaella Dr. Nelson.

Ka kakaretso, litsebi li khothaletsa batho ho mamella le ho entoa ha ho khoneha. Dr. Adalja o re: "Liente tsena e tla ba karolo ea tharollo ea seoa sena. "Empa ho tla nka nako hore ba tsoelepele le ho bona melemo eohle eo ba fanang ka eona."

Litaba tse paleng ena li nepahetse ho tloha nakong ea khatiso. Ha lintlafatso mabapi le coronavirus COVID-19 li ntse li tsoela pele ho fetoha, ho ka etsahala hore tlhaiso-leseling le likhothaletso tse ling paleng ena li fetohile haesale e phatlalatsoa. Re u khothaletsa ho etela khafetsa ka lisebelisoa tse kang CDC, WHO, le lefapha la hau la bophelo bo botle ba sechaba bakeng sa lintlha le likhothaletso tsa morao-rao.

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