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Letsatsi La Creation: 2 Phupu 2021
Ntlafatsa Letsatsi: 1 Phupu 2024
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New words with many example sentences - Day 127 A2 level - Learn Swedish with Marie
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Litaba

Teko ea HIV ke eng?

Teko ea HIV e bontša hore na u tšoaelitsoe ke HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV ke vaerase e hlaselang le ho senya lisele tsa sesole sa 'mele. Lisele tsena li sireletsa 'mele oa hau khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse bakang maloetse, joalo ka libaktheria le livaerase. Haeba u lahleheloa ke lisele tse ngata tsa 'mele,' mele oa hau o tla ba le bothata ba ho loants'a mafu le mafu a mang.

Ho na le mefuta e meraro ea mantlha ea liteko tsa HIV:

  • Teko ea Antibody. Teko ena e sheba masole a mmele a HIV kapa madi a hao. Sistimi ea hau ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung e etsa lithibela-mafu ha u pepesehetse libaktheria kapa livaerase, joalo ka HIV. Teko ea lesole la 'mele ea HIV e ka supa hore na o na le HIV ho tloha libekeng tse 3 ho isa ho tse 12 ka mor'a ts'oaetso. Ke hobane ho ka nka libeke tse 'maloa kapa ho feta hore sesole sa hau sa' mele se etse li-antibodies tsa HIV. U ka khona ho etsa tlhahlobo ea lesole la 'mele u le mong lapeng la hao. Botsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ka lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea HIV lapeng.
  • Teko ea Antibody / Antigen ea HIV. Teko ena e sheba masole a mmele a HIV le li-antigen maling. Antigen ke karolo ea vaerase e bakang karabelo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung. Haeba u pepeselitsoe tšoaetso ea HIV, li-antigen li tla hlaha maling a hau pele li-antibodies tsa HIV li etsoa. Teko ena hangata e ka fumana HIV nakong ea libeke tse 2-6 tsa ts'oaetso. Teko ea lesole la 'mele ea HIV / antigen ke e' ngoe ea mefuta e tloaelehileng ea liteko tsa HIV.
  • Mojaro oa vaerase ea HIV. Teko ena e lekanya boholo ba vaerase ea HIV e maling. E ka fumana HIV kapele ho feta liteko tsa lesole la mmele le antibody / antigen, empa e theko e boima haholo. E sebelisoa haholo ho lekola tšoaetso ea HIV.

Mabitso a mang: Liteko tsa lesole la 'mele la HIV / antigen, liteko tsa lesole la HIV-1 le HIV-2 le tlhahlobo ea antigen, tlhahlobo ea HIV, teko ea lesole la' mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, mofuta oa 1, teko ea antigen ea HIV p24


E sebelisetsoa eng?

Ho hlahlojoa HIV ho sebelisoa ho fumana hore na o tšoaelitsoe ke HIV. HIV ke vaerase e bakang AIDS (anapeza immunodeficiency syndrome). Batho ba bangata ba nang le HIV ha ba na AIDS. Batho ba nang le AIDS ba na le palo e tlase haholo ea lisele tsa 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung' me ba kotsing ea mafu a sokelang bophelo, ho kenyeletsoa tšoaetso e kotsi, mofuta o matla oa pneumonia le mofetše o itseng, ho kenyeletsoa le Kaposi sarcoma.

Haeba HIV e fumanoa kapele, u ka fumana meriana ho sireletsa sesole sa hau sa 'mele. Meriana ea HIV e ka u thibela ho fumana AIDS.

Hobaneng ke hloka tlhahlobo ea HIV?

Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Mafu (CDC) li khothaletsa hore e mong le e mong ea lilemo li 13 ho isa ho 64 a etse tlhahlobo ea HIV bonyane hanngoe e le karolo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle. U kanna ua hloka tlhahlobo ea HIV haeba u le kotsing e kholo ea tšoaetso. HIV e fetisoa haholo ka thobalano le mali, ka hona o ka ba kotsing e kholo ea HIV haeba u:

  • Na ke monna ea kileng a robala le monna e mong?
  • O kile oa etsa thobalano le molekane ea nang le tšoaetso ea HIV
  • O bile le balekane ba bangata ba thobalano
  • U entile lithethefatsi tse kang heroine, kapa lisebelisoa tse arolelanoeng tsa lithethefatsi le motho e mong

HIV e ka hasana ho tloha ho 'm'a ho ea ho ngoana nakong ea pelehi le ka lebese la' m'a, kahoo haeba u imme ngaka ea hau e ka odara tlhahlobo ea HIV. Ho na le meriana eo u ka e sebelisang nakong ea bokhachane le pelehi ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho fetisetsa lefu lena ho ngoana oa hau.


Ho etsahalang nakong ea teko ea HIV?

U tla etsa tlhahlobo ea mali ka laborateng, kapa u etse teko ea hau lapeng.

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mali labong:

  • Ngaka ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo e tla nka sampole ea mali mothapong o letsohong la hao, e sebelisa nale e nyane. Kamora hore nalete e kenngoe, ho tla bokelloa mali a manyane ka har'a pompo ea liteko. U ka ikutloa u hlaba hanyane ha nale e kena kapa e tsoa. Hangata hona ho nka nako e ka tlase ho metsotso e mehlano.

Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea lapeng, o tla hloka ho fumana mohlala oa mathe molomong oa hao kapa lerotholi la mali letsohong la hao.

  • Teko ea liteko e tla fana ka litaelo tsa hore na u ka fumana sampole ea hau joang, u e pakete, ebe u e romella lab.
    • Bakeng sa teko ea mathe, o tla sebelisa sesebelisoa se khethehileng se kang spatula ho nka swab molomong oa hau.
    • Bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea mali ea 'mele ea menoana ea menoana, o tla sebelisa sesebelisoa se ikhethang ho phunya monoana oa hau le ho bokella sampole ea mali.

Bakeng sa tlhaiso-leseling e batsi ka tlhahlobo ea lapeng, buisana le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.


Na ke tla hloka ho etsa eng kapa eng ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo?

Ha o hloke litokisetso tse khethehileng bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea HIV. Empa o lokela ho bua le moeletsi pele le / kapa kamora 'tlhahlobo ea hau e le hore o tle o utloisise hantle hore na sephetho se bolelang le mekhoa ea kalafo ea hau haeba o ka fumanoa o na le HIV.

Na ho na le likotsi tsa tlhahlobo?

Ho na le kotsi e nyane haholo ea ho ba le tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ea HIV. Haeba o etsa tlhahlobo ea mali ho tsoa labong, o kanna oa ba le mahlaba a fokolang kapa ho longoa moo nale e kentsoeng teng, empa matšoao a mangata a fela kapele.

Liphetho li bolelang?

Haeba sephetho sa hau se se na tšoaetso, ho ka bolela hore ha u na tšoaetso ea HIV. Sephetho se fosahetseng se kanna sa bolela hore o na le HIV empa ho se ho le haufi haholo hore o ka se tseba. Ho ka nka libeke tse 'maloa hore lisireletsi tsa HIV le li-antigen li hlahe' meleng oa hau. Haeba sephetho sa hau se se na tšoaetso, mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka odara liteko tse ling tsa HIV hamorao.

Haeba sephetho sa hau se le hantle, o tla fumana tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo ho netefatsa hore na o fumane eng. Haeba liteko ka bobeli li le teng, ho bolela hore o na le HIV. Ha ho bolele hore o na le AIDS. Le ha ho se na pheko ea HIV, ho na le liphekolo tse betere tse fumanehang hona joale ho feta nakong e fetileng. Kajeno, batho ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV ba phela halelele ho feta, ba phela hamolemo ho feta neng kapa neng. Haeba u phela le tšoaetso ea HIV, ho bohlokoa ho bona mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo ba hau khafetsa.

Ithute haholoanyane ka liteko tsa laboratori, libaka tsa litšupiso, le liphetho tsa kutloisiso.

Litšupiso

  1. AIDSinfo [Inthanete]. Rockville (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Kakaretso ea HIV: Teko ea HIV [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Dec 7; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Phato 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/19/47/hiv-testing
  2. AIDSinfo [Inthanete]. Rockville (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Thibelo ea HIV: Metheo ea Thibelo ea HIV [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Dec 7; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Phato 7]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/fact-sheets/20/48/the-basics-of-hiv-prevention
  3. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Mabapi le HIV / AIDS [e ntlafalitsoeng ka la 30 Mphalane 30; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Phato 4]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html
  4. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Ho phela le HIV [ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Aug 22; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Phato 7]; [likhalase tse ka bang 10]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/index.html
  5. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Tlhahlobo [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Sep 14; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Dec 7]; [tse ka bang li-skrini tse 7]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/testing.html
  6. HIV.gov [Inthanete]. Washington D.C .: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Ho utloisisa Liphetho tsa Teko ea HIV [e ntlafalitsoeng ka la 15 Mots'eanong 17; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Phato 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/hiv-testing/learn-about-hiv-testing/understanding-hiv-test-results
  7. Johns Hopkins Medicine [Inthanete]. Bongaka ba Johns Hopkins; Laeborari ya Bophelo bo Botle: HIV le AIDS [e qotsitswe ka 2017 Tlhakubele 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/adult/infectious_diseases/hiv_and_aids_85,P00617
  8. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2018. Antibody ya HIV le Antigen ya HIV (ts. 24); [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Jan 15; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Feb 8]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/hiv-antibody-and-hiv-antigen-p24
  9. Liteko tsa Lab Marang-rang [Inthaneteng]. Washington DC: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Clinical Chemistry; c2001–2018. Tšoaetso ea HIV le AIDS; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2018 Jan 4; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Feb 8]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/hiv
  10. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2017. Tlhahlobo ea HIV: Kakaretso; 2017 Aug 3 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Dec 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hiv-testing/home/ovc-20305981
  11. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2017. Ho etsa liteko tsa HIV: Liphetho; 2017 Aug 3 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Dec 7]; [tse ka bang li-skrini tse 7]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hiv-testing/details/results/rsc-20306035
  12. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2017. Ho etsa liteko tsa HIV: Seo u ka se lebellang; 2017 Aug 3 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Dec 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 6]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hiv-testing/details/what-you-can-expect/rec-20306002
  13. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2017. Tlhahlobo ea HIV: Hobaneng e etsoa; 2017 Aug 3 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Dec 7]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hiv-testing/details/why-its-done/icc-20305986
  14. Phetolelo ea Merck Manual Consumer [Inthanete]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc .; c2017. Tšoaetso ea tšoaetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung [e boletsoeng ka la 2017 Phato 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection/human-immunodeficiency-virus-hiv-infection
  15. National Heart, Lung, le Setsi sa Mali [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Liteko tsa Mali; [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2018 Feb 8]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
  16. Setsi sa Bongaka sa Rochester [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Setsi sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Rochester; c2017. Health Encyclopedia: HIV-1Antibody [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2017 Phato 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid;=hiv_1_antibody
  17. Setsi sa Bongaka sa Rochester [Internet]. Rochester (NY): Setsi sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Rochester; c2017. Health Encyclopedia: HIV-1 / HIV-2 Rapid Screen [e qotsitsoeng ka la 2017 Phato 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid;=hiv_hiv2_rapid_screen
  18. Lefapha la Veterans Affairs la U.S. [Marang-rang]. Washington DC: Lefapha la Litaba tsa Veterans la U.S. AIDS ke eng? [e ntlafalitsoeng 2016 Aug 9; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Phato 7]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/basics/what-is-AIDS.asp
  19. Lefapha la Veterans Affairs la U.S. [Marang-rang]. Washington DC: Lefapha la Litaba tsa Veterans la U.S. HIV ke eng? [e ntlafalitsoeng 2016 Aug 9; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Dec 7]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/basics/what-is-HIV.asp
  20. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2017. Teko ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung (HIV): Liphetho [e nchafalitsoe 2017 Mar 3; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Phato 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 8]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hiv-test/hw4961.html#hw5004
  21. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2017. Teko ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung (HIV): Tlhahlobo ea tlhahlobo [e ntlafalitsoeng ka 2017 Mar 3; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Dec 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hiv-test/hw4961.html
  22. Bophelo ba UW [Marang-rang]. Madison (WI): Univesithi ea Wisconsin Lipetlele le Bolaoli ba Litleliniki; c2017. Teko ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung (HIV): Hobaneng e etsoa [e ntlafalitsoe ka la 2017 Mar 3; e qotsitsoeng ka 2017 Dec 7]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uwhealth.org/health/topic/medicaltest/hiv-test/hw4961.html#hw4979

Tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang sebakeng sena sa marang-rang ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho nka sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea bongaka le likeletso. Ikopanye le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le lipotso ka bophelo ba hau.

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