Linnete tse 11 tse monate ka Sistimi ea methapo

Litaba

• 1. 'Mele o na le lisele tsa methapo tse libilione
• 2. Neurons e entsoe ka likarolo tse tharo
• 3. Neurons e ka shebahala e fapane
• 4. Neurons e etselitsoe ho etsa lintho tse fapaneng
• 5. Ho na le likarolo tse peli tsa tsamaiso ea methapo
• 6. Hona le mefuta e 'meli ea litsamaiso tsa methapo
• 7. Tsamaiso e sa ithaopeleng e arotsoe likarolo tse tharo
• 8. 'Mele o na le sistimi ea methapo bakeng sa ho lokisetsa' mele ho nka khato
• 9. Ho na le tsamaiso ea methapo ea ho laola 'mele ha u phomotse
• 10. Hona le tsamaiso ea methapo e laolang mala
• 11. Tsamaiso ea hau ea methapo e ka senyeha

Sisteme ea methapo ke sistimi ea puisano e kahare ea 'mele. E entsoe ka lisele tse ngata tsa methapo ea 'mele. Lisele tsa methapo li kenya boitsebiso ka kutlo ea 'mele: ho ama, ho latsoa, ​​ho fofonela, ho bona le ho utloa molumo. Boko bo fetolela lintlha tsena tsa kutlo ho utloisisa se etsahalang kantle le kahare 'meleng. Sena se lumella motho ho sebelisa 'mele ea hae ho sebelisana le tikoloho ea bona e ba potileng le ho laola mesebetsi ea' mele ea bona.

Tsamaiso ea methapo e rarahane haholo. Re itšetleha ka eona letsatsi le leng le le leng ho re thusa ho lula re phetse hantle re bile re sireletsehile. Ke hobane'ng ha re lokela ho ananela tsamaiso ea methapo? Bala lintlha tsena tse 11 tse monate 'me u tla tseba hore na hobaneng:

1. 'Mele o na le lisele tsa methapo tse libilione

'Mele oa motho e mong le e mong o na le lisele tsa methapo ea kutlo tse libilione. Ho na le tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 100 bokong le limilione tse 13,5 mokokotlong. Li-neurons tsa 'mele li nka le ho romella matšoao a motlakase le a lik'hemik'hale (matla a motlakase) ho li-neuron tse ling.

2. Neurons e entsoe ka likarolo tse tharo

Li-neuron li amohela lipontšo ka karolo e khuts'oane ea li-antenna e bitsoang dendrite, hape e romella matšoao ho li-neurone tse ling tse nang le karolo e telele e ts'oanang le thapo e bitsoang axon. Selepe se ka ba bolelele ba mithara.

Liseleng tse ling tsa methapo ea kutlo, li-axone li koahetsoe ke lera le lesesaane la mafura a bitsoang myelin, a sebetsang joalo ka insulator. E thusa ho fetisa matšoao a methapo, kapa litakatso, tlase axon e telele. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea neuron e bitsoa sele ea 'mele. E na le likarolo tsohle tsa bohlokoa tsa sele tse e lumellang ho sebetsa hantle.

3. Neurons e ka shebahala e fapane

Li-Neuron li na le libopeho le boholo bo fapaneng ho latela hore na li hokae 'meleng le hore na li etselitsoe eng. Lisele tsa kutlo li na le li-dendrites lipheletsong ka bobeli mme li hokahane le axon e telele e nang le 'mele oa sele bohareng. Li-motor neurons li na le 'mele oa sele ka lehlakoreng le leng le li-dendrites ka lehlakoreng le leng, ka axon e telele bohareng.

4. Neurons e etselitsoe ho etsa lintho tse fapaneng

Ho na le mefuta e mene ea li-neuron:

• Ho utloahala: Lisele tsa kutlo li isa matšoao a motlakase likarolong tse kantle tsa 'mele - {textend} litšoelesa, mesifa le letlalo - {textend} ho CNS.
• Likoloi: Li-neuron tsa makoloi li tsamaisa matšoao ho tloha CNS ho ea likarolong tse kantle tsa 'mele.
• Baamoheli: Receptor neurons e lemoha tikoloho (leseli, molumo, ho ama le lik'hemik'hale) tse u potileng ebe u e fetola matla a motlakase oa motlakase o romelloang ke methapo ea kutlo.
• Li-interneurons: Li-interneuron li romella melaetsa ho tloha ho neuron e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe.

5. Ho na le likarolo tse peli tsa tsamaiso ea methapo

Tsamaiso ea methapo ea motho e arotsoe likarolo tse peli. Li khetholloa ka sebaka sa tsona 'meleng' me li kenyelletsa tsamaiso ea methapo e bohareng (CNS) le sistimi ea methapo ea kutlo (PNS).

CNS e ka har'a lehata le kanareng ea mokokotlo ea mokokotlo. E kenyelletsa methapo ea kelello le lesapo la mokokotlo. Metsing eohle e setseng likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele ke karolo ea PNS.

6. Hona le mefuta e 'meli ea litsamaiso tsa methapo

'Mele oa motho e mong le e mong o na le CNS le PNS. Empa e boetse e na le litsamaiso tsa methapo tsa boithatelo le tse sa ithaopeng.Sisteme ea 'mele ea boithatelo (somatic) e laola lintho tseo motho a li tsebang ebile a ka li laolang ka hloko, joalo ka ho tsamaisa hlooho, matsoho, maoto kapa likarolo tse ling tsa' mele.

Tsamaiso ea methapo ea 'mele ea boithatelo (vegetative kapa automatic) e laolang lits'ebetso' meleng tseo motho a sa li laoleng ka hloko. E lula e le mafolofolo ebile e laola ho otla ha pelo ea motho, ho hema, metabolism, hara tse ling tsa lits'ebetso tse mahlonoko tsa mmele.

7. Tsamaiso e sa ithaopeleng e arotsoe likarolo tse tharo

CNS le PNS ka bobeli li kenyelletsa likarolo tsa boithatelo le tse sa ithaopeng. Likarolo tsena li hokahane le CNS, empa eseng PNS, moo hangata li hlahang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa 'mele. Karolo e sa ithaopeng ea PNS e kenyelletsa litsamaiso tse nang le kutloelo-bohloko, parasympathetic le enteric.

8. 'Mele o na le sistimi ea methapo bakeng sa ho lokisetsa' mele ho nka khato

Tsamaiso ea methapo e nang le kutloelo-bohloko e joetsa 'mele hore o itokisetse ts'ebetso ea' mele le kelello. E etsa hore pelo e otle ka matla le ka lebelo le ho bula meea ea moea bakeng sa ho hema habonolo. E boetse e emisa tšilo ea nakoana hore mmele o tsebe ho tsepamisa mohopolo ketsong e potlakileng.

9. Ho na le tsamaiso ea methapo ea ho laola 'mele ha u phomotse

Tsamaiso ea methapo ea kutlo ea maikutlo e laola mesebetsi ea 'mele ha motho a phomotse. E meng ea mesebetsi ea eona e kenyelletsa ho tsosa tšilo ea lijo, ho kenya ts'ebetso ea metabolism le ho thusa 'mele ho phomola.

10. Hona le tsamaiso ea methapo e laolang mala

'Mele o na le tsamaiso ea ona ea methapo e laolang mala feela. Sisteme ea methapo ea enteric e laola tsamaiso ea mala e le karolo ea tšilo ea lijo.

11. Tsamaiso ea hau ea methapo e ka senyeha

Hona joale ba ntse ba ntlafatsa litsela tsa ho "phunya" sesole sa 'mele, ba fumana bokhoni ba ho laola lisele tsa boko ka khanya ea lebone. Lisele li ka hlophisoa hore li itšoare ka leseli ka ho fetola liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Ho qhekella ho ka thusa bo-rasaense ho ithuta ka mesebetsi ea lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa li-neuron. Li ka kenya lisele tse ngata tsa boko ka nako e le 'ngoe' me tsa bona hore na li ama 'mele joang.