Phello ea Dunning-Kruger ea Hlalosoa

Litaba

• Phello ea Dunning-Kruger ke efe?
• Litlhaloso mabapi le tsebo
• Mehlala ea phello ea Dunning-Kruger
• Sebetsa
• Lipolotiki
• Ho fihla morao nakong
• Mabapi le lipatlisiso
• Lisosa tsa phello ea Dunning-Kruger
• Mokhoa oa ho e tseba
• Ho hlola phello ea Dunning-Kruger
• Tsela

E reheletsoe ka litsebi tsa kelello David Dunning le Justin Kruger, phello ea Dunning-Kruger ke mofuta oa khethollo e etsang hore batho ba fetelle tsebo ea bona kapa bokhoni ba bona, haholo-holo libakeng tseo ba se nang boiphihlelo.

Ho psychology, poleloana "khethollo ea kelello" e bolela litumelo tse se nang motheo tseo ba bangata ba rona re nang le tsona, hangata re sa elelloe. Khethollo ea kelello e joalo ka libaka tse sa boneng.

Tsoela pele ho bala ho tseba haholoanyane ka phello ea Dunning-Kruger, ho kenyelletsa le mehlala ea letsatsi le letsatsi le hore na o ka e tseba joang bophelong ba hau.

Phello ea Dunning-Kruger ke efe?

Phello ea Dunning-Kruger e fana ka maikutlo a hore ha re sa tsebe ho hong, ha re tsebe ho haelloa ke tsebo ea rona. Ka mantsoe a mang, ha re tsebe seo re sa se tsebeng.

Nahana ka sena. Haeba ha u e-so ithute chemistry kapa ho fofa ka sefofane kapa ho haha ​​ntlo, u ka tseba joang ka nepo seo u sa se tsebeng ka sehlooho seo?

Mohopolo ona o kanna oa utloahala o tsebahala, leha o so ka oa utloa mabitso a Dunning kapa Kruger. Ho joalo, mantsoe a latelang a qotsitsoeng a fana ka maikutlo a hore mohopolo ona esale o le teng ka nako e telele:

Litlhaloso mabapi le tsebo

• "Tsebo ea 'nete ke ho tseba hore na motho o hloka tsebo hakae." - Confucius
• Ho hloka tsebo hangata ho etsa hore motho a itšepe ho feta tsebo. ”
  - Charles Darwin
• "Ha u ntse u ithuta haholoanyane, u tla hlokomela hore ha u tsebe." - Ha e tsejoe
• Ho ithuta hanyane ke ntho e kotsi. ” - Alexander Pope
• "Sethoto se nahana hore se bohlale, empa motho ea bohlale o itseba hore o sethoto."
  - William Shakespeare

Ka mantsoe a bonolo feela, re hloka hore bonyane re be le tsebo e itseng ea sehlooho hore re tsebe ho tseba hantle seo re sa se tsebeng.

Empa Dunning le Kruger ba nka mehopolo ena mohato o mong ho ea pele, ba fana ka maikutlo a hore ha re na bokhoni bo lekaneng sebakeng se itseng, ho ka etsahala hore re fetelletse bokhoni ba rona re sa tsebe.

Mantsoe a sehlooho mona ke “a sa tsebe.” Ba amehileng ha ba tsebe hore ba imetsa bokhoni ba bona.

Mehlala ea phello ea Dunning-Kruger

Sebetsa

Mosebetsing, phello ea Dunning-Kruger e ka etsa hore ho be thata ho batho ho lemoha le ho lokisa ts'ebetso ea bona e mpe.

Ke ka hona bahiri ba etsang litlhahlobo tsa ts'ebetso, empa ha se basebetsi bohle ba amohelang nyatso e hahang.

Ho a hohela ho fihlela lebaka - mohlahlobi ha a u rate, mohlala - ho fapana le ho hlokomela le ho lokisa liphoso tseo u sa tsebeng hore u na le tsona.

Lipolotiki

Batšehetsi ba mekha e hanyetsanang ea lipolotiki hangata ba na le maikutlo a fapaneng haholo. Phuputso e entsoeng ka 2013 e ile ea kopa baitseki ba lipolotiki ho lekanya tsebo ea bona ea maano a fapaneng a sechaba. Bafuputsi ba fumane hore batho ba tloaetse ho bontša boits'epo ho boitseanape ba bona ba lipolotiki.

Litlhaloso tsa bona tsa maano a ikhethileng le mehopolo ena hamorao li senotse hore na ba tseba hanyane hakae, ho ka hlalosoang bonyane ka karolo e itseng ke phello ea Dunning-Kruger.

Ho fihla morao nakong

Na o lula o na le ts'epo e fetelletseng ha o rera letsatsi la hau? Bongata ba rona re etsa meralo ea ho holisa tlhahiso, ebe re fumana hore re sitoa ho phetha tsohle tseo re ikemiselitseng ho li etsa.

Sena se kanna sa ba ka lebaka la phello ea Dunning-Kruger, eo re lumelang hore re betere mesebetsing e itseng mme ka hona re ka e etsa kapele ho feta kamoo re ka khonang.

Mabapi le lipatlisiso

Patlisiso ea mantlha ea Dunning le Kruger e phatlalalitsoe ho Journal of Personality and Social Psychology ka 1999.

Patlisiso ea bona e kentse lithuto tse 'ne tse lekolang bokhoni ba barupeluoa le ho bo lemoha ho metlae, ho beha mabaka ka mokhoa o utloahalang le sebōpeho-puo sa Senyesemane.

Ka mohlala, thutong ea sebōpeho-puo, liithuti tse 84 tsa Cornell li ile tsa botsoa hore li qete teko ea ho hlahloba tsebo ea tsona ea American Standard Written English (ASWE). Eaba ba botsoa hore ba lekanyetse bokhoni ba bona ba sebōpeho-puo le ts'ebetso ea liteko.

Ba fumaneng lintlha tse tlase tekong (10th percentile) ba ne ba tloaetse ho lekanyetsa bokhoni ba bona ba puo (67th percentile) le lintlha tsa tlhahlobo (61st percentile).

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ba ileng ba fumana lintlha tse holimo tekong ba ne ba tloaetse ho nyenyefatsa bokhoni ba bona le lintlha tsa liteko.

Lilemong tse mashome ho tloha ha thuto ena e phatlalatsoa, ​​lithuto tse ling tse ngata li hlahisitse litholoana tse tšoanang.

Phello ea Dunning-Kruger e tlalehiloe libakeng tse tsoang ho bohlale ba maikutlo le ho fumana puo ea bobeli ho tsebo ea veine le mokhatlo o khahlanong le ente.

Lisosa tsa phello ea Dunning-Kruger

Hobaneng ha batho ba phahamisa bokhoni ba bona?

Khaolong ea 2011 e tsoang ho Advances in Social Experimental Psychology, Dunning o etsa tlhahiso ea "moroalo o habeli" o amanang le boiphihlelo bo tlase thutong e fanoeng.

Ntle le boitseanape, ho thata ho etsa hantle. Mme ho thata ho tseba ha o sebetse hantle ntle le haeba o na le boiphihlelo.

Nahana u etsa tlhahlobo ea likhetho tse ngata ka sehlooho seo u se tsebang haufi le letho. U bala lipotso ebe u khetha karabo e bonahalang e utloahala ho feta tsohle.

U ka tseba joang hore na karabo ea hau ke efe e nepahetseng? Ntle le tsebo e hlokoang ho khetha karabo e nepahetseng, u ke ke ua lekola hore na likarabo tsa hau li nepahetse hakae.

Litsebi tsa kelello li bitsa bokhoni ba ho lekola tsebo - le likheo tsebong - metacognition. Ka kakaretso, batho ba nang le tsebo sebakeng se fanoeng ba na le bokhoni bo botle ba ho tseba ho feta batho ba sa tsebeng letho ka domain eo.

Mokhoa oa ho e tseba

Boko ba rona bo thatafalloa ho batla lipaterone le ho nka liqeto, tse re thusang ho sebetsana le tlhaiso-leseling kapele le ho etsa liqeto. Khafetsa, mekhoa e tšoanang le mekhoa e khutšoanyane e lebisa ho khethollo.

Batho ba bangata ha ba na bothata ba ho lemoha leeme lena - ho kenyelletsa le phello ea Dunning-Kruger - ho metsoalle ea bona, litho tsa malapa le basebetsi-'moho.

Empa 'nete ke hore tšusumetso ea Dunning-Kruger e ama motho e mong le e mong, ho kenyeletsoa le uena. Ha ho na motho ea ka batlang boiphihlelo libakeng tsohle. O kanna oa ba setsebi libakeng tse ngata mme o ntse o na le likheo tsa bohlokoa tsa tsebo libakeng tse ling.

Ho feta moo, phello ea Dunning-Kruger ha se sesupo sa bohlale bo tlase. Batho ba bohlale le bona ba ba le ketsahalo ena e makatsang.

Mohato oa pele oa ho lemoha phello ena ke ntho eo u seng u ntse u e etsa. Ho ithuta haholoanyane ka phello ea Dunning-Kruger ho ka u thusa ho supa hore na e ka sebetsa neng bophelong ba hau.

Ho hlola phello ea Dunning-Kruger

Phuputsong ea bona ea 1999, Dunning le Kruger ba fumane hore koetliso e nolofalletsa barupeluoa ho tseba bokhoni ba bona le ts'ebetso ea bona hantle. Ka mantsoe a mang, ho ithuta haholoanyane ka sehlooho se itseng ho ka u thusa ho khetholla seo u sa se tsebeng.

Malebela ke ana ao u ka a sebelisang ha u nahana hore phello ea Dunning-Kruger e ntse e bapala:

• Nka nako ea hau. Batho ba tloaetse ho itšepa ha ba etsa liqeto kapele. Haeba u batla ho qoba phello ea Dunning-Kruger, ema 'me u iphe nako ea ho batlisisa liqeto tse potlakileng.
• Phephetsa lipolelo tsa hau. Na u na le likhopolo tseo u tloaetseng ho li nka habobebe? Se ke oa itšetleha ka mala a hau ho u joetsa se nepahetseng kapa se fosahetseng. Bapala le 'muelli oa diabolose: Na u ka tla le khang ea bohanyetsi kapa ua hana likhopolo tsa hau?
• Fetola mabaka. Na u sebelisa mohopolo o tšoanang potsong e ngoe le e ngoe kapa bothateng boo u kopanang le bona? Ho leka lintho tse ncha ho ka u thusa ho tsoa mefuteng e tla eketsa boits'epo ba hau empa e fokotse boits'oaro ba hau.
• Ithute ho tšoaea liphoso. Mosebetsing, nka ho tšoauoa liphoso ka botebo. Fuputsa liqoso tseo u sa lumellaneng le tsona ka ho kopa bopaki kapa mehlala ea hore na u ka ntlafatsa joang.
• Botsa maikutlo a nako e telele ka uena. Na esale u inka u le momameli ea hloahloa? Kapa o na le lipalo tse ntle? Phello ea Dunning-Kruger e fana ka maikutlo a hore o lokela ho nyatsa-nyatsa ha ho tluoa ho lekoleng seo u leng hantle ho sona.

Ikemisetse ho ithuta lintho tse ncha. Ho ba le tjantjello le ho tsoelapele ho ithuta e kanna ea ba litsela tse molemohali tsa ho atamela mosebetsi o fanoeng, sehlooho, kapa mohopolo le ho qoba leeme joalo ka phello ea Dunning-Kruger.

Tsela

Phello ea Dunning-Kruger ke mofuta oa khethollo e bontšang hore re bahlahlobi ba futsanehileng ba likheo tsebong ea rona.

Motho e mong le e mong o ba le eona ka nako e 'ngoe. Thahasello, ho buleha, le boitlamo ba bophelo bohle bo ka u thusa ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa Dunning-Kruger bophelong ba hau ba letsatsi le letsatsi.