Meriana ea khatello ea maikutlo le litlamorao

Litaba

• Khetho ea serotonin reuptake inhibitors
• Litla-morao tsa SSRI
• Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
• Litla-morao tsa SNRI
• Tricyclic ho imeloa kelellong
• Litla-morao tsa TCA
• Norepinephrine le dopamine reuptake inhibitors
• Litla-morao tsa NDRI
• Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
• Litla-morao tsa MAOI
• Eketsa kapa e eketsa meriana
• Lithethefatsi tse ling tsa ho imeloa kelellong

Kakaretso

Kalafo ea lefu le leholo la khatello ea maikutlo (e tsejoang hape e le ho tepella ho hoholo ha maikutlo, khatello ea maikutlo ea kliniki, khatello ea maikutlo ea unipolar, kapa MDD) e ipapisitse le motho le boima ba lefu. Leha ho le joalo, hangata lingaka li fumana litholoana tse ntle ha ho sebelisoa meriana e tlamang e fanoeng ke ngaka, joalo ka lithibela-mafu le psychotherapy.

Hajoale ho na le meriana e fetang makhetlo a mabeli a loantšang khatello ea maikutlo.

Ho imeloa kelellong ho atleha ho phekola khatello ea maikutlo, empa ha ho na moriana o le mong o bontšitsoeng o sebetsa ka ho fetesisa - o ipapisitse le mokuli ka botlalo le maemo a bona ka bo mong. U tla tlameha ho noa meriana khafetsa ka libeke tse 'maloa e le hore u bone sephetho le ho bona litlamorao.

Mona ke meriana e loantšang khatello ea maikutlo hangata le litla-morao tse atileng haholo.

Khetho ea serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa kalafo ea khatello ea maikutlo o qala ka lengolo la ngaka la serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) e khethiloeng.

Ha boko bo sa etse serotonin e lekaneng, kapa bo sa khone ho sebelisa serotonin e teng ka nepo, tekano ea lik'hemik'hale bokong e ka ba e sa lekalekaneng. SSRIs e sebetsa ho fetola boemo ba serotonin bokong.

Ka ho khetheha, li-SSRI li thibela ho ts'oaroa hape ha serotonin. Ka ho thibela ts'ebetsong hape, li-neurotransmitters li ka romella le ho amohela melaetsa ea lik'hemik'hale ka katleho. Sena ho nahanoa hore se eketsa litlamorao tse matlafatsang tsa serotonin le ho ntlafatsa matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo.

Li-SSRI tse tloaelehileng haholo li kenyelletsa:

• fluoxetine (Prozac)
• citalopram (Celexa)
• paroxetine (Paxil)
• sertraline (Zoloft)
• escitalopram (Lexapro)
• fluvoxamine (Luvox)

Litla-morao tsa SSRI

Litla-morao tse atileng haholo tse fumanoang ke batho ba sebelisang li-SSRI li kenyelletsa:

• Mathata a silang lijo, ho kenyelletsa le letshollo
• ho nyekeloa ke pelo
• molomo o omileng
• ho hloka botsitso
• ho tšoaroa ke hlooho
• ho hlobaela kapa ho otsela
• fokotseha takatso ea thobalano le bothata ba ho fihlela mokhelo
• ho se sebetse ha erectile
• ho tsitsipana (jitteriness)

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) ka linako tse ling e bitsoa dual reuptake inhibitors. Ba sebetsa ka ho thibela reuptake, kapa reabsorption, ea serotonin le norepinephrine.

Ha serotonin e eketsehileng le norepinephrine li ntse li potoloha bokong, tekanyo ea lik'hemik'hale ea boko e ka hlophisoa bocha, 'me ho nahanoa hore methapo ea kutlo e buisana hantle. Sena se ka ntlafatsa maikutlo mme sa thusa ho imolla matšoao a khatello ea maikutlo.

Li-SNRI tse atisang ho beoa li kenyelletsa:

• venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
• desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
• duloxetine (Cymbalta)

Litla-morao tsa SNRI

Litla-morao tse atileng haholo tse fumanoang ke batho ba sebelisang SNRI li kenyelletsa:

• ho fufuleloa ho eketsehileng
• khatello ea mali e eketsehileng
• ho otla ha pelo
• molomo o omileng
• lebelo le otlang pelo
• Mathata a silang lijo, hangata ho sokela
• diphetoho ho takatso ya dijo
• ho nyekeloa ke pelo
• ho tsekela
• ho hloka botsitso
• hlooho e opang
• ho hlobaela kapa ho otsela
• fokotseha libido le bothata ba ho fihlella orgasm
• pherekano (jitteriness)

Tricyclic ho imeloa kelellong

Li-anti-depressing tsa Tricyclic (TCAs) li qapiloe lilemong tsa bo-1950, 'me e ne e le tse ling tsa li-anti-depressing tsa pele-pele tse neng li sebelisoa ho sebetsana le khatello ea maikutlo.

Li-TCA li sebetsa ka ho thibela ho ts'oaroa hape ha noradrenaline le serotonin. Sena se ka thusa 'mele ho lelefatsa melemo e matlafatsang ea noradrenaline le serotonin eo e e hlahisang ka tlhaho, e ka ntlafatsang maikutlo le ho fokotsa litlamorao tsa khatello ea maikutlo.

Lingaka tse ngata li fana ka li-TCA hobane ho nahanoa hore li bolokehile joaloka meriana e mecha.

Li-TCA tse behiloeng hangata li kenyelletsa:

• amitriptyline (Elavil)
• imipramine (Tofranil)
• doxepin (Sinequan)
• trimipramine (Surmontil)
• clomipramine (Anafranil)

Litla-morao tsa TCA

Litla-morao tse tsoang sehlopheng sena sa ho imeloa kelellong li atisa ho ba matla. Banna ba tloaetse ho ba le litla-morao tse fokolang ho feta basali.

Litla-morao tse atileng haholo tse fumanoang ke batho ba sebelisang li-TCA li kenyelletsa:

• boima ba 'mele
• molomo o omileng
• pono e lerootho
• Ho otsela
• ho otla ha pelo kapele kapa ho otla ha pelo ka tsela e sa tloaelehang
• pherekano
• Mathata a senya, ho kenyelletsa le bothata ba ho ntša metsi
• pipitlelano
• ho felloa ke takatso ya thobalano

Norepinephrine le dopamine reuptake inhibitors

Hajoale ke NDRI e le 'ngoe feela e lumelletsoeng ke FDA bakeng sa khatello ea maikutlo.

• buproprion (Wellbutrin)

Litla-morao tsa NDRI

Litla-morao tse atileng haholo tse fumanoang ke batho ba sebelisang li-NDRI li kenyelletsa:

• ho oa, ha ho nooa ka litekanyetso tse phahameng
• ho tšoenyeha
• hyperventilation
• ho tshoha
• pherekano (jitteriness)
• ho teneha kapele
• ho tsitsinyeha
• bothata ba ho robala
• ho hloka botsitso

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) ke meriana eo hangata e laeloang ha meriana le kalafo tse ling li sa atlehe.

MAOIs a thibela boko ho senya lik'hemik'hale norepinephrine, serotonin le dopamine. Sena se lumella boko ho boloka maemo a phahameng a lik'hemik'hale tsena, tse ka matlafatsang maikutlo le ho ntlafatsa likhokahano tsa methapo ea kutlo.

Li-MAO tse atileng haholo li kenyelletsa:

• phenelzine (Nardil)
• selegiline (Emsam, Eldepryl, le Deprenyl)
• tranylcypromine (Parnate)
• isocarboxazid (Marplan)

Litla-morao tsa MAOI

MAOIs a atisa ho ba le litla-morao tse ngata, tse ngata tsa tsona li tebile ebile li kotsi. MAOI le eona e na le monyetla oa ho sebelisana le batho ba bang ka mokhoa o kotsi ka lijo le ka meriana e rekisoang.

Litla-morao tse atileng haholo tse fumanoang ke batho ba sebelisang MAOI li kenyelletsa:

• ho robala motshehare
• ho hlobaela
• ho tsekela
• khatello e tlase ea mali
• molomo o omileng
• ho tshoha
• boima ba 'mele
• ho fokotsa takatso ea thobalano kapa bothata ba ho fihlela mokhelo
• ho se sebetse ha erectile
• Mathata a senya, ho kenyelletsa le bothata ba ho ntša metsi

Eketsa kapa e eketsa meriana

Bakeng sa khatello ea maikutlo e sa thibeleng kalafo kapa bakeng sa bakuli ba tsoelang pele ho ba le matšoao a sa rarolloeng, ba ka fuoa meriana ea bobeli.

Meriana ena ea tlatsetso hangata e sebelisetsoa ho alafa maloetse a mang a bophelo bo botle ba kelello mme e kanna ea kenyelletsa meriana e thibelang ho tšoenyeha, e kokobetsang maikutlo le e thibelang mafu.

Mehlala ea li-antipsychotic tse amohetsoeng ke Tsamaiso ea Lijo le Lithethefatsi (FDA) bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea litlhare tsa tlatsetso bakeng sa khatello ea maikutlo li kenyelletsa:

• aripiprazole (Tlosa)
• quetiapine (Seroquel)
• olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Litla-morao tsa meriana ena e meng li ka tšoana le lithibela-mafu tse ling.

Lithethefatsi tse ling tsa ho imeloa kelellong

Meriana ea tlhaho, kapa e sa amaneng le se seng sa mekhahlelo e meng ea lithethefatsi, e kenyelletsa mirtazapine (Remeron) le trazodone (Oleptro).

Litlamorao tse kholo tsa meriana ena ke ho otsela. Hobane meriana ena ka bobeli e ka baka sedation, hangata e nkuoa bosiu ho thibela mathata a tlhokomelo le ho tsepamisa maikutlo.