Bokooa ba kelello ke eng

Litaba

• Tsela ea ho khetholla
• Lisosa tse ka sehloohong
• Se o lokelang ho se etsa

Bokooa ba kelello bo tsamaellana le tieho ea kholo ea kholo ea bana ba bang, e ka bonoang ka mathata a ho ithuta, ho se sebelisane hanyane le batho ba bang le ho se khone ho etsa mesebetsi e bonolo le e loketseng bakeng sa lilemo tsa bona.

Bokooa ba kelello, bo bitsoang DI, ke boloetse ba kholo bo amang bana ba ka bang 2 ho isa ho 3% mme bo ka hlaha ka lebaka la maemo a 'maloa, ho tloha ho mathata nakong ea bokhachane kapa pelehi, ho ea liphetohong tsa lefutso, joalo ka Down Syndrome le X syndrome e fokolang. . Fumana hore na litšobotsi tsa X syndrome li ka senyeha joang.

Boloetse bona bo ka lemohuoa ke batsoali kapa ke tichere sekolong, leha ho le joalo, kalafo e tlameha ho etsoa ke sehlopha sa lithuto tse fapaneng ka sepheo sa ho hlasimolla mesebetsi eohle ea kutloisiso, ho khetha mokhoa oa ho ithuta le likamano le batho ba bang. Kahoo, ho bohlokoa hore ngoana a be le leihlo le tobileng le le sa fetoheng ke ngaka ea bana, setsebi sa puo, mosuoe le setsebi sa kelello, mohlala.

Tsela ea ho khetholla

Hoa khoneha ho khetholla bokooa ba kelello ka ho sheba boitšoaro ba ngoana letsatsi le letsatsi. Ka tloaelo, ha a bontše boits'oaro bo ts'oanang le ba bana ba bang ba lilemo tse ts'oanang, mme ho lula ho hlokahala hore motho e moholo kapa ngoana ea moholo a be haufi ho thusa ho etsa ketso, mohlala.

Hangata bana ba nang le bokooa ba kelello ba na le:

• Bothata ba ho ithuta le kutloisiso;
• Bothata ba ho ikamahanya le tikoloho efe kapa efe;
• Ho hloka thahasello mesebetsing ea letsatsi le letsatsi;
• Ho itšehla thajana ho ba lelapa, basebetsi-'moho kapa mosuoe, ka mohlala;
• Bothata ba ho hokahana le ho tsepamisa mohopolo.

Ntle le moo, ho ka etsahala hore ngoana a be le liphetoho litakatsong tsa lijo, tšabo e fetelletseng mme a se ke a khona ho etsa mesebetsi eo a neng a e etsa pele.

Lisosa tse ka sehloohong

Lebaka le tloaelehileng haholo la bokooa ba kelello ke liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso, joalo ka Down syndrome, X e fokolang, Prader-Willi, Angelman le Williams, mohlala. Tsena tsohle tsa syndromes li etsahala ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa DNA, tse ka hlahisang, har'a matšoao a mang, kholofalo ea kelello. Lisosa tse ling tsa bokooa ba kelello ke:

• Mathata a pelehi, e leng tse etsahalang nakong ea bokhachane, joalo ka ho holofala ha lesea, tsoekere ea bokhachane, ts'ebeliso ea litlhare, ho tsuba, bokhoba ba tahi, ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi le tšoaetso, joalo ka syphilis, rubella le toxoplasmosis;
• Mathata a Perinatal, tse etsahalang ho tloha qalong ea pelehi ho fihlela khoeling ea pele ea bophelo ba lesea, joalo ka phepelo e fokotsehileng ea phepelo ea oksijene bokong, khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng, ho se be boemong bo botle ba pele ho nako, boima ba 'mele bo tlaase le pherekano e matla e sa tsoa tsoaloa;
• Khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng le ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng haholo, e ka etsahalang ho fihlela qetellong ea bocha 'me ea baka bokooa ba kelello;
• Chefo kapa botahoa ka meriana kapa tšepe e boima;
• Tšoaetso nakong ea bongoana e ka lebisang ho senyeha ha methapo ea kutlo, ho fokotsa bokhoni ba kutloisiso, joalo ka meningitis, mohlala;
• Maemo a fokotsang phepelo ea oksijene bokong, e ka fella ka bokooa ba kelello. Tseba lisosa tse kholo tsa hypoxia bokong.

Ntle le lisosa tsena, bokooa ba kelello bo ka hlaha liphosong tsa tlhaho tsa metabolism, e leng liphetoho tsa lefutso tse ka etsahalang metabolism ea ngoana le ho lebisa ho nts'etsopele ea mafu a mang, a kang congenital hypothyroidism le phenylketonuria. Utloisisa hantle hore na phenylketonuria ke eng.

Se o lokelang ho se etsa

Haeba ho fumanoa hore motho o holofetse kelellong, ho bohlokoa hore matla a kelello le kelello ea ngoana a khothaletsoe khafetsa, mme ho lekola ke sehlopha sa litsebi ho bohlokoa.

Sekolong, mohlala, ho bohlokoa hore matichere a utloisise tlhoko ea moithuti ea ho thatafalloa le ho nts'etsapele moralo o khethehileng oa thuto bakeng sa ngoana. Ntle le moo, ho bohlokoa ho e boloka e hokahane le ho khothaletsa puisano ea hau le ts'ebelisano le batho ba bang, e ka etsoang ka lipapali tsa boto, malepa le mime, mohlala. Ketsahalo ena, ntle le ho khothaletsa puisano ea sechaba, e lumella ngoana ho tsepamisa mohopolo haholoanyane, e leng se etsang hore a ithute kapelenyana.

Ho bohlokoa hape hore mosuoe a hlomphe lebelo leo ngoana a ithutang ka lona, ​​a khutlele lithutong kapa mesebetsing e bonolo ha ho hlokahala. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho matlafatsa ho ithuta, hoa thahasellisa hore mosuoe a khetholle tsela eo ngoana a kenyang tlhaiso-leseling le litaba hamolemo, ekaba ka mokhoa oa pono kapa oa kutlo, mohlala, mme ho a khonahala ho theha moralo oa thuto o ipapisitseng le karabelo e nepahetseng . ea ngoana.