Teko ea Temoho

Litaba

• Ho etsa liteko ke eng?
• E sebelisetsoa eng?
• Hobaneng ha ke hloka tlhahlobo ea kelello?
• Ho etsahalang nakong ea tlhahlobo ea ts'oaetso?
• Na ho na le seo ke tla hloka ho se etsa ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo ea kelello?
• Na ho na le likotsi tsa ho etsa liteko?
• Liphetho li bolelang?
• Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka tlhahlobo ea kelello?
• Litšupiso

Ho etsa liteko ke eng?

Ho lekola liteko tsa kelello bakeng sa mathata a nang le ts'ebeliso. Temoho ke motswako oa lits'ebetso bokong ba hau tse amehang likarolong tsohle tsa bophelo ba hau. E kenyelletsa ho nahana, mohopolo, puo, kahlolo le bokhoni ba ho ithuta lintho tse ncha. Bothata ba ts'oaetso bo bitsoa ho senyeha ha kelello. Boemo bo fapana ho tloha boemong bo bonolo ho ea ho bo matla.

Ho na le lisosa tse ngata tsa ts'oaetso ea kelello. Li kenyelletsa litla-morao tsa meriana, mathata a methapo ea mali, khatello ea maikutlo le 'dementia'. Dementia ke lentsoe le sebelisetsoang tahlehelo e matla ea ts'ebetso ea kelello. Lefu la Alzheimer ke mofuta o atileng haholo oa 'dementia'.

Ho etsa tlhahlobo ea kelello ho ke ke ha bontša sesosa se itseng sa ho holofala. Empa liteko li ka thusa mofani oa hau ho tseba hore na o hloka liteko tse ling le / kapa ho nka mehato ea ho sebetsana le bothata.

Hona le mefuta e fapaneng ea liteko tsa kutloisiso. Liteko tse atileng haholo ke tsena:

• Tlhahlobo ea Temoho ea Montreal (MoCA)
• Tlhatlhobo ea Naha ea Mental State (MMSE)
• Mini-Cog

Liteko tsena tse tharo li lekanya ts'ebetso ea kelello ka letoto la lipotso le / kapa mesebetsi e bonolo.

Mabitso a mang: tekolo ea kutloisiso, Tlhatlhobo ea Montreal Cognitive, Teko ea MoCA, Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), le Mini-Cog

E sebelisetsoa eng?

Hangata liteko tsa kelello li sebelisoa ho lekola bofokoli bo bonolo ba kutloisiso (MCI). Batho ba nang le MCI ba ka hlokomela liphetoho mohopolong oa bona le mesebetsing e meng ea kelello. Liphetoho ha li matla hoo li ka bang le tšusumetso e kholo bophelong ba hau ba letsatsi le letsatsi kapa mesebetsing e tloaelehileng. Empa MCI e ka ba sesosa sa kotsi bakeng sa ho holofala ho hoholo. Haeba u na le MCI, mofani oa hau a ka u fa liteko tse 'maloa ka nako ho lekola phokotso ea ts'ebetso ea kelello.

Hobaneng ha ke hloka tlhahlobo ea kelello?

U kanna oa hloka tlhahlobo ea kelello ha u bontša matšoao a ho holofala. Tsena li kenyelletsa:

• Ho lebala likopano le liketsahalo tsa bohlokoa
• Ho lahleheloa ke lintho khafetsa
• Ho ba le bothata ba ho hlaha ka mantsoe ao o tloaetseng ho a tseba
• Ho lahleheloa ke mohopolo oa hau moqoqong, lifiliming kapa libukeng
• Ho halefa le / kapa khatello ea maikutlo

Ba lelapa la hau kapa metsoalle ba ka etsa tlhahiso ea ho hlahlojoa haeba ba hlokomela a mang a matšoao ana.

Ho etsahalang nakong ea tlhahlobo ea ts'oaetso?

Hona le mefuta e fapaneng ea liteko tsa kutloisiso. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe e kenyelletsa ho araba letoto la lipotso le / kapa ho etsa mesebetsi e bonolo. Li etselitsoe ho thusa ho lekanya ts'ebetso ea kelello, joalo ka mohopolo, puo le bokhoni ba ho tseba lintho. Mefuta e tloaelehileng ea liteko ke:

• Teko ea Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Teko ea metsotso e 10-15 e kenyelletsang ho tšoara ka hlooho lenane le lekhuts'oane la mantsoe, ho supa setšoantšo sa phoofolo, le ho kopitsa setšoantšo sa sebopeho kapa ntho.
• Tlhatlhobo ea Naha ea Mental State (MMSE). Teko ea metsotso e 7-10 e kenyeletsang ho reha letsatsi la hajoale, ho bala ho ea morao, le ho supa lintho tsa letsatsi le letsatsi joalo ka pentšele kapa oache.
• Mini-Cog. Teko ea metsotso e 3-5 e kenyeletsang ho hopola lenane la mantsoe a mararo le ho taka oache.

Na ho na le seo ke tla hloka ho se etsa ho itokisetsa tlhahlobo ea kelello?

Ha o hloke litokisetso tse khethehileng bakeng sa teko ea kutloisiso.

Na ho na le likotsi tsa ho etsa liteko?

Ha ho na kotsi ea ho ba le liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea kelello.

Liphetho li bolelang?

Haeba liphetho tsa hau tsa liteko li ne li sa tloaeleha, ho bolela hore o na le bothata ba ho hopola kapa ts'ebetso e 'ngoe ea kelello. Empa e ke ke ea tseba sesosa. Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka hloka ho etsa liteko tse ngata ho fumana lebaka. Mefuta e meng ea ts'oaetso ea ts'oaetso e bakoa ke maemo a bongaka a ka phekolehang. Tsena li kenyelletsa:

• Boloetse ba qoqotho
• Litla-morao tsa meriana
• Ho haella ha vithamine

Maemong ana, mathata a ts'ebeliso ea kelello a ka ntlafala kapa a hlaka ka botlalo kamora kalafo.

Mefuta e meng ea kholofalo ea kelello ha e phekolehe. Empa meriana le phetoho e ntle ea bophelo li ka thusa ho fokotsa ho theoha kelellong maemong a mang. Ho fumanoa ke lefu la 'dementia' ho ka thusa bakuli le malapa a bona ho itokisetsa litlhoko tsa bophelo bo tlang.

Haeba u na le lipotso kapa u tšoenyehile ka sephetho sa hau, bua le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo.

Na ho na le eng kapa eng eo ke hlokang ho e tseba ka tlhahlobo ea kelello?

Teko ea MoCA hangata e betere ho fumana bofokoli bo bonolo ba kutloisiso. MMSE e molemo ho fumana mathata a tebileng a ho nahanisisa. Mini-Cog e sebelisoa khafetsa hobane e potlakile, e bonolo ho e sebelisa ebile e fumaneha hohle. Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka etsa e le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa tsa liteko tsena, ho latela boemo ba hau.

Litšupiso

1. Mokhatlo oa Alzheimer [Inthanete]. Chicago: Mokhatlo oa Alzheimer; c2018. Bofokoli bo Bonolo ba Kutloisiso (MCI); [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/related_conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment
2. Mokhatlo oa Alzheimer [Inthanete]. Chicago: Mokhatlo oa Alzheimer; c2018. Alzheimer's ke eng ?; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-alzheimers
3. Mokhatlo oa Alzheimer [Inthanete]. Chicago: Mokhatlo oa Alzheimer; c2018. 'Dementia' ke eng ?; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia
4. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: U.S.Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho; Bofokoli ba Temoho: Pitso ea ho Nka Khato, Joale !; 2011 Feb [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/aging/pdf/cognitive_impairment/cogimp_poilicy_final.pdf
5. Litsi tsa Tlhokomelo le Thibelo ea Maloetse [Internet]. Atlanta: Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Boqapi bo phetseng hantle ba Boko; [e ntlafalitsoeng 2017 Jan 31; e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.cdc.gov/aging/healthybrain/index.htm
6. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2018. Bofokoli bo bonolo ba kutloisiso (MCI): Tlhahlobo le kalafo; 2018 Aug 23 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Nov 18]; [hoo e ka bang li-skrini tse 4]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354583
7. Mayo Clinic [Inthaneteng]. Motheo oa Mayo oa Thuto ea Bongaka le Patlisiso; c1998–2018. Bofokoli bo bonolo ba kutloisiso (MCI): Matšoao le lisosa; 2018 Aug 23 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mild-cognitive-impairment/symptoms-causes/syc-20354578
8. Phetolelo ea Merck Manual Consumer [Inthanete]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co Inc .; c2018. Tlhahlobo ea Neurological; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho:
9. Merck Manual Professional Version [Marang-rang]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co Inc .; c2018. Mokhoa oa ho lekola boemo ba kelello; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/neurologic-examination/how-to-assess-mental-status
10. Bongaka ba Michigan: Univesithi ea Michigan [Marang-rang]. Ann Arbor (MI): Barekisi ba Univesithi ea Michigan; c1995–2018. Bofokoli bo Bonolo ba Kutloisiso; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 5]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uofmhealth.org/brain-neurological-conditions//mild-cognitive-impairment
11. Setsi sa Naha sa Botsofali [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Ho lekola ho fokola ha kelello ho bakuli ba baholo; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/assessing-cognitive-impairment-older-patients
12. Setsi sa Naha sa Botsofali [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Lefu la Alzheimer ke Eng ?; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-alzheimers-disease
13. Setsi sa Naha sa Botsofali [Inthanete]. Bethesda (MD): Lefapha la Bophelo le Litšebeletso tsa Botho la U.S. Ho senyeha ha kelello ho bonolo ke hofe ?; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-mild-cognitive-impairment
14. Norris DR, Clark MS, Shipley S. Tlhahlobo ea Boemo ba Kelello. Ke ngaka ea malapa [Inthanete]. 2016 Oct 15 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Nov 18]; EA-94 (8) :; 635-41. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/1015/p635.html
15. Geriatric Medicine ea kajeno [Inthanete]. Spring City (PA): Khatiso ea Great Valley; c2018. MMSE vs. MoCA: Seo U Lokelang ho se Tseba; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 2]; E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: http://www.todaysgeriatricmedicine.com/news/ex_012511_01.shtml
16. U. Lefapha la Veterans Affairs [Internet]. Washington DC: Lefapha la Litaba tsa Veterans la U.S. Patlisiso ea Mafu a Parkinson, Thuto le Litsi tsa Kliniki: Tlhahlobo ea Temoho ea Montreal (MoCA); 2004 Nov 12 [e qotsitsoeng ka 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.parkinsons.va.gov/consortium/moca.asp
17. Sesole sa Ts'ireletso ea U.S. [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ireletso ea U.S. Ho lekola Bokooa ba Kelello ho Batho ba Hōlileng ba baholo; [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; [li-skrini tse ka bang 3]. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Home/GetFile/1/482/dementes/pdf
18. Xueyan L, Jie D, Shasha Z, Wangen L, Haimei L. Papiso ea boleng ba Mini-Cog le ho hlahlojoa ha MMSE ho khetholla kapele bakuli ba China ba nang le ts'oaetso e bonolo ea kutloisiso. Bongaka [Marang-rang]. 2018 Jun [e qotsitsoeng 2018 Nov 18]; 97 (22): e10966. E fumaneha ho tsoa ho: https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2018/06010/Comparison_of_the_value_of_Mini_Cog_and_MMSE.74.aspx

Tlhahisoleseling e fumanehang sebakeng sena sa marang-rang ha ea lokela ho sebelisoa ho nka sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea bongaka le likeletso. Ikopanye le mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba u na le lipotso ka bophelo ba hau.