Ho hlahlojoa ka bophelo bo botle ho basali ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64

U lokela ho etela mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo nako le nako, leha o phetse hantle. Morero oa maeto ana ke ho:

• Screen bakeng sa litaba tsa bongaka
• Lekola kotsi ea hau ea mathata a bongaka a kamoso
• Khothaletsa mokhoa oa bophelo o phetseng hantle
• Nchafatsa liente
• Ho u thusa ho tseba mofani oa hau haeba ho ka etsahala hore u kule

Le ha o ikutloa o phetse hantle, o ntse o lokela ho bona mofani oa hau bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa khafetsa. Liketelo tsena li ka u thusa ho qoba mathata nakong e tlang. Mohlala, tsela feela ea ho tseba hore na o na le khatello e phahameng ea mali ke ho e hlahloba khafetsa. Tsoekere e phahameng ea mali le maemo a phahameng a k'holeseterole le tsona li kanna tsa se be le matšoao matsatsing a pele. Teko e bonolo ea mali e ka hlahloba maemo ana.

Ho na le linako tse ikhethang tseo u lokelang ho bona mofani oa hau oa litšebeletso. Ka tlase ke litataiso tsa ho lekola basali ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64.

LITLHAKISO TSA MALI

• Etsa hore khatello ea mali ea hau e hlahlojoe bonyane hanngoe ka mor'a lilemo tse peli. Haeba nomoro e holimo (systolic number) e tsoa ho 120 ho isa ho 139 mm Hg, kapa palo e tlase (diastolic number) e tsoa ho 80 ho isa ho 89 mm Hg, o lokela ho e hlahloba selemo se seng le se seng.
• Haeba nomoro e holimo e le 130 kapa ho feta kapa ea tlase e le 80 kapa ho feta, hlophisa kopano le mofani oa hau ho ithuta hore na u ka fokotsa khatello ea mali joang.
• Haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere, lefu la pelo, mathata a liphio, kapa maemo a mang, ho ka hlokahala hore u hlahlojoe khatello ea mali khafetsa, empa bonyane hang ka selemo.
• Sheba tlhahlobo ea khatello ea mali sebakeng sa heno. Botsa mofani oa hau hore na u ka emisa ho hlahloba khatello ea mali ea hau.

LITLHAKU TSA KANTS'A SEBELE

• Basali ba ka itlhahloba letswele khoeli le khoeli. Leha ho le joalo, litsebi ha li lumellane ka melemo ea ho itlhahloba matsoele ho fumana mofetše oa matsoele kapa ho boloka bophelo. Bua le mofani oa hau ka se u loketseng.
• Mofani oa hau a ka etsa tlhahlobo ea sefuba ea bongaka e le karolo ea tlhahlobo ea hau ea thibelo.
• Basali ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 49 ba ka ba le mammogram selemo se seng le se seng ho isa ho se 2. Leha ho le joalo, ha se litsebi tsohle tse lumellanang ka melemo ea ho ba le mammogram ha basali ba le lilemong tsa bona tsa bo-40. Bua le mofani oa hau ka se u loketseng.
• Basali ba lilemo li 50 ho isa ho 75 ba lokela ho ba le mammogram selemo se seng le se seng ho isa ho se 2, ho latela maemo a bona a kotsi, ho lekola mofetše oa matsoele.
• Basali ba nang le mme kapa khaitseli ba neng ba na le mofetše oa matsoele ba sa le banyenyane ba lokela ho nahana ka mammograms a selemo le selemo. Ba lokela ho qala pejana ho lilemo tseo setho sa bona sa ho fela sa lelapa se fumanoeng ka sona.
• Haeba u na le mabaka a mang a kotsi a kankere ea matsoele, mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa mammogram, matsoele a ultrasound kapa tlhahlobo ea MRI.

LITLHAKU TSA K'HEREKERE EA CERVICAL

Ho hlahlojoa ha kankere ea popelo ho lokela ho qala ha a le lilemo li 21. Kamora teko ea pele:

• Basali ba lilemo li 30 ho isa ho 65 ba lokela ho hlahlojoa ka tlhahlobo ea Pap lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo kapa tlhahlobo ea HPV lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5.
• Haeba uena kapa molekane oa hau oa thobalano le balekane ba bang ba bacha, le lokela ho etsa tlhahlobo ea Pap lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo.
• Basali ba lilemo li 65 ho isa ho 70 ba ka emisa ho etsa liteko tsa Pap ha feela ba bile le liteko tse 3 tse tloaelehileng lilemong tse 10 tse fetileng.
• Basali ba 'nileng ba phekoloa bakeng sa precancer (cervical dysplasia) ba lokela ho tsoelapele ho etsa liteko tsa Pap bakeng sa lilemo tse 20 kamora kalafo kapa ho fihlela lilemo tse 65, hore na e telele ho feta eng.
• Haeba u tlositsoe popelo ea hau le molomo oa pōpelo (kakaretso ea hysterectomy), 'me ha ua fumanoa u e-na le mofetše oa popelo, ha ho hlokahale hore u be le Pap smears.

LIEKETSENG CHOLESTEROL

• Ho khothalletsoa lilemo tsa ho qala tlhahlobo ea k'holeseterole ke lilemo tse 45 bakeng sa basali ba se nang lisosa tsa kotsi tsa lefu la pelo.
• Hang ha tlhahlobo ea k'holeseterole e se e qalile, k'holeseterole ea hau e lokela ho hlahlojoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5.
• Pheta liteko kapele ho feta kamoo ho hlokehang haeba ho na le liphetoho tseleng eo u phelang ka eona (ho kenyeletsoa le boima le boima ba 'mele).
• Haeba u na le li-cholesterol tse ngata, lefu la tsoekere, lefu la pelo, mathata a liphio, kapa maemo a mang, ho ka hlokahala hore u hlahlojoe khafetsa.

LITLHAKISO TSA KHANSA KOLORE

Haeba u ka tlase ho lilemo tse 50, bua le mofani oa hau mabapi le ho hlahlojoa. U lokela ho hlahlojoa haeba u na le nalane e matla ea lelapa ea mofets'e oa colon kapa li-polyps. Ho hlahlojoa le hona ho ka nahanoa haeba u na le mabaka a kotsi a kang nalane ea mafu a ho ruruha kapa li-polyps.

Haeba u le lilemo li 50 ho isa ho 75, u lokela ho hlahlojoa bakeng sa mofetše o sa tloaelehang. Ho na le liteko tse 'maloa tsa ho hlahloba tse fumanehang:

• Teko ea boloi ea mali a boloi (setuloana) e etsoang selemo se seng le se seng
• Teko ea mafura ea immunochemical (FIT) selemo se seng le se seng
• Teko ea DNA ea setulo lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo
• Sigmoidoscopy e tenyetsehang lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5
• Bema enema ea barium habeli lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5
• CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy) lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5
• Colonoscopy lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10

U kanna ua hloka colonoscopy khafetsa haeba u na le lisosa tsa kotsi tsa mofets'e oa 'mala o kang:

• Ho ruruha ha lefu la ulcerative
• Pale ea motho ka mong kapa ea lelapa ea mofets'e o sa tloaelehang
• Nalane ea kholo ea kolone e bitsoang adenomatous polyps

TLHAHLO YA MENO

• E-ea ho ngaka ea meno hang kapa habeli selemo se seng le se seng bakeng sa tlhahlobo le tlhoekiso. Ngaka ea meno ea hau e tla hlahloba haeba u hloka ho eteloa khafetsa.

HO HLOKA LEFU LA SETSOANE

• Haeba u ka holimo ho lilemo tse 44, u lokela ho hlahlojoa lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse tharo.
• Ho ba le BMI ho feta 25 ho bolela hore o nonne haholo. Haeba o nonne haholo, botsa mofani oa hau hore na o lokela ho hlahlojoa o le monyane. Ma-Amerika a Asia a lokela ho hlahlojoa haeba BMI ea bona e feta 23.
• Haeba khatello ea mali e kaholimo ho 130/80 mm Hg, kapa o na le mabaka a mang a kotsi a lefu la tsoekere, mofani oa hau a ka leka boemo ba tsoekere ea mali ea lefu la tsoekere.

TEKO YA LEIHLO

• Etsa tlhahlobo ea mahlo lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli ho isa ho tse 4 ho tloha ho lilemo tse 40 ho isa ho tse 54 le lilemo tse 1 ho isa ho tse 3 tsa lilemo tse 55 ho isa ho tse 64. Mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa litlhahlobo tsa mahlo khafetsa haeba o na le mathata a pono kapa kotsi ea glaucoma.
• Etsa tlhahlobo ea mahlo bonyane selemo se seng le se seng haeba u na le lefu la tsoekere.

LIEKETSO LIPOLELO

• U lokela ho tšoaroa ke ntaramane selemo se seng le se seng.
• Botsa mofani oa hau hore na u ka fumana ente e le ho fokotsa kotsi ea ts'oaetso ea pneumococcal (e baka mofuta oa pneumonia).
• U lokela ho ba le ente ea tetanus-diphtheria le acellular pertussis (Tdap) hang e le karolo ea liente tsa hau tsa tetanus-diphtheria haeba u sa ka ua li fumana pejana u le lilemong tsa bocha. U lokela ho ba le tetanus-diphtheria booster lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10.
• U ka fumana ente ea shingles kapa herpes zoster pele kapa kamora lilemo tse 50.
• Mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa liente tse ling haeba u le kotsing e kholo ea maemo a itseng.

HO HLOKAHALA MAFU

• US Preventive Services Task Force e khothaletsa ho hlahlojoa ha lefu la sebete la mofuta oa C. Ho latela mokhoa oa hau oa bophelo le nalane ea bongaka, ho ka hlokahala hore u hlahlojoe mafu a kang syphilis, chlamydia, le HIV, le mafu a mang.

LEKHOTLA LEKHOLA LEKHOTLA

U lokela ho ba le tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo bakeng sa mofetše oa matšoafo o nang le tekanyetso e tlase ea computed tomography (LDCT) haeba tsohle tse latelang li le teng:

• U lilemo tse fetang 55 LE
• U na le nalane ea lilemo tse 30 tsa ho tsuba le
• Ha joale u ntse u tsuba kapa u tlohetse nakong ea lilemo tse 15 tse fetileng

HO HLAHLOBELA LEFUPA

• Basali bohle ba fetang lilemo tse 50 ba nang le fractures ba lokela ho ba le tlhahlobo ea masapo a masapo (DEXA scan).
• Haeba u ka tlase ho lilemo tse 65 'me u na le mabaka a kotsi a lefu la masapo, u lokela ho hlahlojoa.

TLHALOSO YA NAMA

• Khatello ea mali ea hau e lokela ho hlahlojoa bonyane selemo se seng le se seng.
• Mofani oa hau a ka khothaletsa ho hlahloba k'holeseterole ea hau lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5 haeba u na le mabaka a kotsi a lefu la pelo.
• Bophahamo ba hau, boima ba 'mele le boima ba' mele (BMI) li lokela ho hlahlojoa tlhahlobong ka 'ngoe.

Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea hau, mofani oa hau a ka u botsa ka:

• Ho tepella maikutlo
• Lijo le boikoetliso
• Tšebeliso ea joala le koae
• Litaba tsa polokeho, joalo ka ho sebelisa mabanta a setulo le li-detectors tsa mosi

SEHLOOHO TEKO

• Mofani oa hau a ka hlahloba letlalo la hau bakeng sa matšoao a mofets'e oa letlalo, haholo haeba o le kotsing e kholo. Batho ba kotsing e kholo ba kenyelletsa ba kileng ba tšoaroa ke mofetše oa letlalo pele, ba na le beng ka bona ba haufi ba nang le mofetše oa letlalo kapa ba nang le boits'ireletso ba mmele bo fokolang.

Ketelo ea tlhokomelo ea bophelo bo botle - basali - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64; Tlhahlobo ea 'mele - basali - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64; Tlhahlobo ea selemo le selemo - basali - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64; Ho hlahlojoa - basali - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64; Bophelo ba basali - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho tse 64; Tlhokomelo ea thibelo - basali - ba lilemo li 40 ho isa ho 64

• Teko ea mali a boloi ba boloi
• Liphello tsa botsofali khatello ea mali
• Lefu la ho fokola ha masapo

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