Lefu la methapo ea Carotid

Lefu la methapo ea Carotid le hlaha ha methapo ea carotid e fokotseha kapa e koetsoe.

Methapo ea carotid e fana ka karolo ea phepelo e kholo ea mali bokong ba hau. Li fumaneha ka lehlakoreng le leng la molala oa hau. U ka utloa pulse ea bona tlasa mohlahare oa hau.

Lefu la methapo ea Carotid le hlaha ha lintho tse mafura tse bitsoang plaque li bokellana ka har'a methapo. Letlapa lena le lengata le bitsoa ho thatafala ha methapo (atherosclerosis).

Letlapa le ka 'na la thibela kapa la fokotsa methapo ea carotid butle butle. Kapa e kanna ea etsa hore lesela le hlahe ka tšohanyetso. Ho koala methapo ka ho feletseng ho ka lebisa setorong.

Lisosa tsa likotsi tsa ho thijoa kapa ho fokotseha ha methapo li kenyelletsa:

• Ho tsuba (batho ba tsubang pakete e le 'ngoe ka letsatsi ba ipeha kotsing ea ho tšoaroa ke stroke habeli)
• Lefu la tsoekere
• Khatello ea mali e phahameng
• Cholesterol e phahameng le triglycerides
• Botsofali
• Nalane ea lelapa ea stroke
• Tšebeliso ea joala
• Ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tsa boithabiso
• Matšoenyeho a fihla molaleng, a ka bakang methapo ea carotid

Qalong, o kanna oa se be le matšoao. Ka mor'a hore lejoe le eketsehe, matšoao a pele a lefu la methapo ea carotid e ka ba stroke kapa tlhaselo ea nakoana ea ischemic (TIA). TIA ke stroke se nyane se sa bakeng tšenyo e sa feleng.

Matšoao a stroke le TIA a kenyelletsa:

• Pono e lerootho
• Pherekano
• Ho lahleheloa ke mohopolo
• Ho lahleheloa ke maikutlo
• Mathata ka puo le puo, ho kenyeletsoa tahlehelo ea puo
• Pono ea tahlehelo (bofofu bo sa fellang kapa bo felletseng)
• Bofokoli karolong e le 'ngoe ea' mele oa hau
• Mathata a ho nahana, ho beha mabaka le ho hopola

Mofani oa hao oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Mofani oa hau a ka sebelisa stethoscope ho mamela phallo ea mali molaleng oa hau bakeng sa molumo o sa tloaelehang o bitsoang bruit. Molumo ona e kanna ea ba sesupo sa lefu la methapo ea carotid.

Mofani oa hau le eena a ka fumana makhopho methapong ea mali ea leihlo la hao. Haeba u kile ua ba le stroke kapa TIA, tlhahlobo ea methapo ea methapo (methapo ea kutlo) e tla bontša mathata a mang.

U kanna oa ba le liteko tse latelang:

• Teko ea k'holeseterole ea mali le triglycerides
• Teko ea tsoekere ea mali (tsoekere)
• Ultrasound ea methapo ea carotid (carotid duplex ultrasound) ho bona hore na mali a phalla hantle hakae mothapong oa carotid

Liteko tse latelang tsa litšoantšo li ka sebelisoa ho hlahloba methapo ea mali molaleng le bokong:

• Angiography ea boko
• Litšoantšo tsa CT
• Monghali angiography

Khetho ea kalafo e kenyelletsa:

• Meriana e fokotsang mali joalo ka aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), warfarin (Coumadin), dabigatran (Pradaxa), kapa tse ling ho fokotsa menyetla ea ho tšoaroa ke setorouku
• Bongaka le phepo li fetoha ho theola k'holeseterole kapa khatello ea mali
• Ha ho na kalafo, ntle le ho hlahloba methapo ea hau ea carotid selemo se seng le se seng

U kanna ua ba le mekhoa e meng ea ho phekola mothapo o mosesane kapa o koetsoeng oa carotid:

• Carotid endarterectomy - Ts'ebetso ena e tlosa leqheka le kenang methapong ea carotid.
• Carotid angioplasty le stenting - Ts'ebetso ena e bula mothapo o koetsoeng ebe e beha terata e nyane ea terata ka hara mothapo ho e boloka e butsoe.

Hobane ha ho na matšoao, o kanna oa se tsebe hore o na le lefu la methapo ea carotid ho fihlela o ba le stroke kapa TIA.

• Stroke ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu United States.
• Batho ba bang ba nang le stroke ba hlaphoheloa haholo kapa mesebetsi eohle ea bona.
• Ba bang ba bolaoa ke stroke ka bo sona kapa ke mathata.
• Hoo e ka bang halofo ea batho ba nang le stroke ba na le mathata a nako e telele.

Mathata a maholo a lefu la methapo ea carotid ke:

• Tlhaselo ea nakoana ea ischemic. Sena se etsahala ha `` blot '' e khutsufatsa methapo ea mali bokong. E baka matšoao a ts'oanang le stroke. Matšoao a nka metsotso e seng mekae feela ho isa ho hora kapa tse peli, empa ha a fete lihora tse 24. TIA ha e bake tšenyo e tšoarellang. Li-TIA ke lets'oao la tlhokomeliso ea hore stroke se ka etsahala nakong e tlang haeba ho se letho le etsoang ho se thibela.
• Leqeba. Ha phepelo ea mali bokong e koetsoe ka mokhoa o itseng kapa e felletse, e baka stroke. Hangata, sena se etsahala ha leqhoa la mali le thibela sejana sa mali bokong. Leqeba le ka ba teng ha methapo ea mali e buleha kapa e dutla. Setoroko se ka baka tšenyo ea nako e telele bokong kapa lefu.

E-ea kamoreng ea maemo a tšohanyetso kapa u letsetse nomoro ea ts'ohanyetso ea lehae (joalo ka 911) hang ha matšoao a hlaha. Hang ha o fumana kalafo, o na le monyetla o motle oa ho fola. Ka stroke, motsotsoana o mong le o mong oa ho lieha ho ka baka likotsi tse ngata tsa boko.

Mona ke seo u ka se etsang ho thusa ho thibela lefu la methapo ea carotid le stroke:

• Khaotsa ho tsuba.
• Latela lijo tse phetseng hantle, tse se nang mafura le meroho le litholoana tse ngata tse ncha.
• Se ke oa noa lino tse tahang tse fetang 1 ho isa ho tse 2 ka letsatsi.
• Se ke oa sebelisa lithethefatsi tsa boithabiso.
• Ho ikoetlisa bonyane metsotso e 30 ka letsatsi, matsatsi a mangata bekeng.
• Etsa hore k'holeseterole ea hao e hlahlojoe lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 5. Haeba u phekoloa ka lebaka la k'holeseterole e phahameng, u lokela ho e hlahloba khafetsa.
• Etsa hore khatello ea mali ea hao e hlahlojoe lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli ho isa ho tse peli. Haeba u na le khatello e phahameng ea mali, lefu la pelo, lefu la tsoekere kapa u kile ua ba le stroke, u hloka ho e hlahloba khafetsa. Botsa mofani oa hau.
• Latela litlhahiso tsa mofani oa mofani oa hau haeba u na le khatello e phahameng ea mali, lefu la tsoekere, k'holeseterole e phahameng kapa lefu la pelo.

Stenosis ea Carotid; Stenosis - carotid; Leqeba - carotid mothapo; TIA - methapo ea carotid

• Ho beoa ha Angioplasty le stent - mothapo oa carotid - ho tsoa
• Ho buuoa ka methapo ea Carotid - ho tsoa
• Cholesterol - kalafo ea lithethefatsi
• Ho nka warfarin (Coumadin)

Moahloli J, Ruland S, Schneck MJ. Lefu la Ischemic cerebrovascular. Ka: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, bahlophisi. Neurology ea Bradley ho Tloaelo ea Bongaka. La 7th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 65.

Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, le al. 2011 ASA / ACCF / AHA / AANN / AANS / ACR / ASNR / CNS / SAIP / SCAI / SIR / SNIS / SVM / SVS tataiso mabapi le taolo ea bakuli ba nang le lefu la methapo ea methapo ea methapo ea methapo: kakaretso ea phethahatso: tlaleho ea Amerika College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, le American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Ho nahanisisa le ho Thibela, Mokhatlo oa Phekolo ea Metsing le Mekhoa ea Metsing, Mokhatlo oa Radiology ea Ts'ebetso, Mokhatlo oa NeuroInterventional Surgery, Mokhatlo oa Vascular Medicine le Mokhatlo oa Phekolo ea Vascular. Catheter Cardiovasc Nako. 2013; 81 (1): E76-E123. PMID: 23281092 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281092.

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Meschia JF, Klaas JP, Brown RD Jr, Brott TG. Tlhatlhobo le tsamaiso ea atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017; 92 (7): 1144-1157. PMID: 28688468 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28688468. (Lebokose)