Liphetoho tsa botsofali tlhahiso ea lihormone

Sisteme ea endocrine e entsoe ka litho le lisele tse hlahisang lihormone. Lihormone ke lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho tse hlahisoang sebakeng se le seng, ebe li tsoa maling, ebe li sebelisoa ke litho tse ling le litsamaiso tse ling.

Li-hormone li laola litho tse shebiloeng. Lits'ebetso tse ling tsa litho tsa 'mele li na le litsamaiso tsa tsona tsa taolo ea kahare hammoho le, kapa bakeng sa, lihormone.

Ha re ntse re tsofala, liphetoho li hlaha ka mokhoa oo li laoloang ka oona. Tse ling tsa liphofu li se li sa tsotelle lihormone tse li laolang. Palo ea lihormone tse hlahisoang le tsona li ka fetoha.

Tekanyo ea mali ea lihormone tse ling ea eketseha, tse ling lia fokotseha, 'me tse ling ha li fetohe. Lihormone le tsona lia senyeha (ho sebelisoa metabolism) butle butle.

Litho tse ngata tse hlahisang lihormone li laoloa ke lihormone tse ling. Ho tsofala le hona ho fetola mokhoa ona. Mohlala, lisele tsa endocrine li ka hlahisa hormone ea eona e tlase ho feta kamoo e neng e le kateng lilemong tse nyane, kapa e ka hlahisa chelete e lekanang butle haholo.

LIPHETOHO TSA BOPHELO

Hypothalamus e bokong. E hlahisa lihormone tse laolang likarolo tse ling tsamaisong ea endocrine, ho kenyeletsoa lesela la pituitary. Palo ea lihormone tsena tse laolang e lula e lekana, empa karabelo ea litho tsa endocrine e ka fetoha ha re ntse re tsofala.

Tšoelesa ea pituitary e ka tlase mona (anterior pituitary) kapa (posterior pituitary) bokong. Tšoelesa ena e fihla boholong bo boholo lilemong tsa bohareng ebe butle-butle ea ba nyane. E na le likarolo tse peli:

• Karolo e ka morao (kamorao) e boloka lihormone tse hlahisitsoeng ka hypothalamus.
• Karolo e ka pele (e ka pele) e hlahisa lihormone tse amang kholo, qoqotho ea qoqotho (TSH), adrenal cortex, mae a bomme, li-testes le matsoele.

Tšoelesa ea qoqotho e molaleng. E hlahisa lihormone tse thusang ho laola metabolism. Ha motho a tsofetse, qoqotho e ka ba bosholu (nodular). Metabolism e lieha ho feta nako, ho qala ha a le lilemo li ka bang 20. Hobane lihormone tsa qoqotho li hlahisoa le ho robeha (metabolism) ka sekhahla se ts'oanang, liteko tsa ts'ebetso ea qoqotho hangata li ntse li le joalo. Ho batho ba bang, litekanyo tsa lihormone tsa qoqotho li ka nyoloha, tse lebisang kotsing e kholo ea lefu ka lebaka la lefu la pelo.

Litšoelesa tsa parathyroid ke litšoelesa tse 'ne tse nyane tse fumanehang haufi le qoqotho. Hormone ea Parathyroid e ama maemo a calcium le phosphate, a amang matla a masapo. Maemo a li-hormone tsa parathyroid a phahama le lilemo, tse ka tlatsetsang ho lefu la masapo.

Insulin e hlahisoa ke manyeme. E thusa tsoekere (tsoekere) ho tloha maling ho ea kahare ho lisele, moo e ka sebelisoang bakeng sa matla.

Tekanyo ea karolelano ea tsoekere e nyolohang e nyoloha le li-milligram tse 6 ho isa ho tse 14 ka desilitara (mg / dL) kamora lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse 10 kamora lilemo tse 50 ha lisele li sa utloisise litlamorao tsa insulin. Hang ha boemo bo fihla ho 126 mg / dL kapa ho feta, motho o nkuoa a na le lefu la tsoekere.

Litšoelesa tsa adrenal li kaholimo ho liphio. Karolo ea adrenal cortex, bokaholimo ba bokaholimo, e hlahisa lihormone aldosterone, cortisol, le dehydroepiandrosterone.

• Aldosterone e laola botsitso ba mokelikeli le electrolyte.
• Cortisol ke "hormone ea" khatello ea maikutlo ". E ama ho senyeha ha tsoekere, liprotheine le mafura, 'me e na le litlamorao tse khahlano le ho ruruha le ho loants'a khatello ea mmele.

Phallo ea Aldosterone e fokotseha ka lilemo. Ho fokotseha hona ho ka kenya letsoho bohloohong le ho theoha ha khatello ea mali ka liphetoho tsa maemo a tšohanyetso (orthostatic hypotension). Ho lokolloa ha Cortisol le hona ho fokotseha ka botsofali, empa boemo ba mali ba hormone ena bo lula bo ts'oana. Methati ea Dehydroepiandrosterone le eona ea theoha. Liphello tsa lerotholi lena 'meleng ha li hlake hantle.

Mae a bomme le li-testes li na le mesebetsi e 'meli. Li hlahisa lisele tsa ho ikatisa (ova le peo ea botona). Li hlahisa lihormone tsa thobalano tse laolang litšoaneleho tsa bong bo fapaneng, joalo ka sefuba le moriri oa sefahleho.

• Ka botsofali, hangata banna ba na le testosterone e tlase.
• Basali ba na le litekanyetso tse tlase tsa estradiol le lihormone tse ling tsa estrogen kamora ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli.

LIEKETSENG LIPHETOHO

Ka kakaretso, lihomone tse ling lia fokotseha, tse ling ha li fetohe, 'me tse ling lia eketseha ka lilemo. Li-hormone tse atisang ho fokotseha li kenyelletsa:

• Aldosterone
• Calcitonin
• Hormone ea kholo
• Renin

Basali, maemo a estrogen le prolactin hangata a fokotseha haholo.

Li-hormone tse atisang ho lula li sa fetohe kapa li fokotseha hanyenyane feela li kenyelletsa:

• Cortisol
• Epinephrine
• Insulin
• Lihomone tsa qoqotho T3 le T4

Maemo a testosterone hangata a fokotseha butle ha banna ba ntse ba tsofala.

Li-hormone tse ka eketsang li kenyelletsa:

• Hormone e susumetsang follicle (FSH)
• Hormone ea Luteinizing (LH)
• Norepinephrine
• Hormone ea Parathyroid

LIEKETSENG LITABA

• Liphetoho tsa botsofaling ho itšireletsa mafung
• Liphetoho tsa botsofe lithong, liseleng le liseleng
• Liphetoho tsa botsofe tsamaisong ea botona le botšehali
• Ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli

• Ho khaotsa ho ilela khoeli
• Anatomy ea basali ea ho ikatisa

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Brinton RD. Neuroendocrinology ea botsofali. Ka: Tlatsa HM, Rockwood K, Young J, eds. Brocklehurst’s Textbook of Geriatric Medicine le Gerontology. La 8th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier, 2017: khaolo ea 13.

Lobo RA. Ho ilela khoeli le botsofali. Ka: Strauss JF, Barbieri RL, lingoliloeng. Endocrinology ea ho Ikatisa ea Yen & Jaffe. La 8th. Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 14.

Mosebetsi oa Walston JD. Sequelae se tloaelehileng sa bongaka sa botsofali. Ka: Goldman L, Schafer AI, li-eds. Phekolo ea Goldman-Cecil. La 26th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 22.