Ho tlotsa mali

Smear ea mali ke teko ea mali e fanang ka tlhaiso-leseling ka palo le sebopeho sa lisele tsa mali. Hangata e etsoa e le karolo ea kapa e nang le palo e felletseng ea mali (CBC).

Ho hlokahala sampole ea mali.

Sampole ea mali e romeloa labong. Ha a le moo, setsebi sa laborateng se se sheba ka tlas'a microscope. Kapa, ​​mali a ka hlahlojoa ke mochini o ikemetseng.

Smear e fana ka tlhaiso-leseling ena:

• Palo le mefuta ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali (phapang, kapa liperesente tsa mofuta o mong le o mong oa sele)
• Palo le mefuta ea lisele tsa mali tse bopehileng ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang
• Khakanyo e boima ea lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali le lipalo tsa platelet

Ha ho litokisetso tse khethehileng tse hlokahalang.

Ha nale e kentsoe ho hula mali, batho ba bang ba utloa bohloko bo itekanetseng. Ba bang ba ikutloa feela ho hlaba kapa ho hlaba. Kamora moo, ho ka ba le ho phatloha kapa ho longoa hanyane. Haufinyane sena sea fela.

Teko ena e kanna ea etsoa e le karolo ea tlhahlobo e akaretsang ea bophelo bo botle ho thusa ho fumana mafu a mangata. Kapa, ​​mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo a ka khothaletsa tlhahlobo ena haeba u na le matšoao a:

• Lefu lefe kapa lefe le tsebahalang kapa le belaelloang la mali
• Kankere
• Lefuemia

Smear ea mali e ka etsoa hape ho lekola litla-morao tsa chemotherapy kapa ho thusa ho fumana tšoaetso, joalo ka malaria.

Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali (RBCs) hangata li lekana ka boholo le 'mala' me ke 'mala o bobebe bohareng. Smear ea mali e nkuoa e le ntho e tloaelehileng haeba ho na le:

• Ponahalo e tloaelehileng ea lisele
• Phapang e tloaelehileng ea sele e tšoeu ea mali

Mekhahlelo e tloaelehileng ea boleng e ka fapana hanyane hara lilaboratori tse fapaneng. Li-lab tse ling li sebelisa litekanyo tse fapaneng kapa li leka liteko tse fapaneng. Bua le mofani oa hau ka moelelo oa sephetho sa hau sa liteko.

Liphetho tse sa tloaelehang li bolela boholo, sebopeho, 'mala, kapa ho roala li-RBC ha se ntho e tloaelehileng.

Lintho tse ling tse sa tloaelehang li ka hlophisoa ka litekanyo tse 4:

• 1+ e bolela hore kotara ea lisele e amehile
• 2+ e bolela hore halofo ea lisele e amehile
• 3+ e bolela hore likarolo tse tharo tsa lisele lia ameha
• 4+ e bolela hore lisele tsohle lia ameha

Boteng ba lisele tse bitsoang lisele tse shebiloeng li ka bakoa ke:

• Ho haella ha enzyme e bitsoang lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase
• Hemoglobin e sa tloaelehang, protheine e li-RBC tse tsamaisang oksijene (hemoglobinopathies)
• Khaello ea tšepe
• Lefu la sebete
• Ho tlosoa ha spleen

Boteng ba lisele tse bōpehileng joaloka sebopeho bo ka bakoa ke:

• Palo e tlase ea li-RBC ka lebaka la 'mele o li senyang (immune hemolytic anemia)
• Palo e tlase ea li-RBC ka lebaka la li-RBC tse ling tse bopehileng joalo ka likarolo (lefutso spherocytosis)
• Ho senyeha ho eketsehileng ha li-RBC

Boteng ba li-RBC tse nang le sebopeho sa oval e kanna ea ba sesupo sa elliptocytosis ea lefutso kapa ovalocytosis ea lefutso. Tsena ke maemo ao li-RBC li bopehileng ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang.

Boteng ba lisele tse arohaneng bo ka bakoa ke:

• Maiketsetso pelo belofo
• Pherekano eo liprotheine tse laolang ho hoama ha mali li kenang ho fetelletseng (e phatlalatsoang ke intravascular coagulation)
• Tšoaetso tsamaisong ea tšilo ea lijo e hlahisang lintho tse chefo tse senyang li-RBC, li baka kotsi ea liphio (hemolytic uremic syndrome)
• Boloetse ba mali bo etsang hore lisele tsa mali li thehe methapong e menyenyane ea mali ho potoloha le 'mele' me e isa palong e tlase ea li-platelet (thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura)

Boteng ba mofuta oa li-RBC tse sa butsoang tse bitsoang normoblasts e kanna ea ba ka lebaka la:

• Kankere e nametseng mongo
• Boloetse ba mali bo bitsoang erythroblastosis fetalis bo amang lesea kapa lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa
• Lefuba le hasaneng ho tloha matšoafong ho ea likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele ka mali (lefuba la miliary)
• Ho hloka botsitso ha moko oa masapo moo moko o nkeloang sebaka ke lisele tsa 'mele tse bohloko (myelofibrosis)
• Ho tlosa spleen
• Ho senyeha ho matla ha li-RBC (hemolysis)
• Ho hloka taolo moo ho nang le ho senyeha ho feteletseng ha hemoglobin (thalassemia)

Boteng ba lisele tse bitsoang li-burr lisele li ka supa:

• Tekanyo e phahameng ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang oa litšila tsa naetrojene maling (uremia)

Boteng ba lisele tse bitsoang spur cell bo ka supa:

• Ho se khone ho monya mafura a phepo ka botlalo ka maleng (abetalipoproteinemia)
• Lefu le matla la sebete

Boteng ba lisele tse nang le sebopeho sa teardrop bo ka supa:

• Myelofibrosis
• Khaello e matla ea tšepe
• Thalassemia e kholo
• Kankere mokong oa masapo
• Phokolo ea mali e bakoang ke mokong o sa hlahiseng lisele tse tloaelehileng tsa mali ka lebaka la chefo kapa lisele tsa hlahala (ts'ebetso ea myelophthisic)

Boteng ba 'mele ea Howell-Jolly (mofuta oa granule) bo ka supa:

• Moko oa masapo ha o hlahise lisele tse phetseng hantle tsa mali (myelodysplasia)
• Spleen e tlositsoe
• Phokolo ea mali ea sele

Boteng ba 'mele ea Heinz (li-hemoglobin tse fetotsoeng) li ka supa:

• Alpha Thalassemia
• Phokolo ea mali ea tlhaho ea hemolytic
• Ho hloka taolo moo li-RBC li senyehang ha 'mele o pepesetsoa meriana e itseng kapa o hatelloa ka lebaka la ts'oaetso (khaello ea G6PD)
• Mofuta o sa tsitsang oa hemoglobin

Boteng ba li-RBC tse holileng hanyane hanyane li ka supa:

• Phokolo ea mali le mokokotlo oa masapo
• Phokolo ea mali ea hemolytic
• Ho tsoa mali

Boteng ba basophilic stippling (ponahalo e bonoang) bo ka supa:

• Chefo ea lead
• Ho hloka botsitso ha moko oa masapo moo moko o nkeloang sebaka ke lisele tsa 'mele tse bohloko (myelofibrosis)

Boteng ba lisele tsa sekele bo ka supa anemia ea sekele ea sekele.

Ho na le kotsi e nyane e amehang ka ho nkuoa mali a hau Mothapo le methapo li fapana ka boholo ho tloha ho mokuli e mong ho ea ho o mong le ho tloha lehlakoreng le leng la 'mele ho ea ho le leng. Ho fumana sampole ea mali ho batho ba bang ho ka ba thata ho feta ho ba bang.

Likotsi tse ling tse amanang le ho huloa mali li nyane, empa li ka kenyelletsa:

• Ho tsoa mali a mangata
• Ho akheha kapa ho ikutloa o le hlooho e boima
• Li-punctures tse ngata ho fumana methapo
• Hematoma (mali a hahiloeng ka tlas'a letlalo)
• Tšoaetso (kotsi e nyane neng kapa neng ha letlalo le robehile)

Smear ea pheriferale; Palo e felletseng ea mali - pheriferale; CBC - pheriferale

• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, sele ea sekele
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, sebopeho se tlohelang meokho
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - li tloaelehile
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - elliptocytosis
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - spherocytosis
• Lefu la mali le nang le lefu la lymphocytic - photomicrograph
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - lisele tse ngata tsa sekele
• Malaria, pono e nyane ea likokoana-hloko tsa lisele
• Malaria, photomicrograph ea likokoana-hloko tsa cellular
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - lisele tsa sekele
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali - sekele le Pappenheimer
• Lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, lisele tse shebiloeng
• Likarolo tse entsoeng tsa mali

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