Teko ea pono ea mebala

Teko ea pono ea 'mala e lekola bokhoni ba hau ba ho khetholla lipakeng tsa mebala e fapaneng.

U tla lula maemong a matle ka mabone a tloaelehileng. Mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo o tla u hlalosetsa tlhahlobo.

U tla bontšoa likarete tse 'maloa tse nang le matheba a mebala. Likarete tsena li bitsoa lipoleiti tsa Ishihara. Ka lipaterone, matheba a mang a tla hlaha a etsa linomoro kapa matšoao. O tla kopuoa ho khetholla matšoao, haeba ho khonahala.

Ha u ntse u koahela leihlo le le leng, mohlahlobi o tla ts'oara likarete tse lisenthimithara tse 35 ho tloha sefahlehong sa hau mme au botse hore u tsebe kapele letšoao le fumanoang paterone ka 'ngoe.

Ho latela bothata boo ho belaelloang ka bona, o ka kopuoa ho fumana botebo ba 'mala, haholo-holo ka leihlong le leng ha o bapisoa le leihlo le leng. Hangata sena se lekoa ka ho sebelisa sekoaelo sa botlolo ea mahlo a khubelu.

Haeba ngoana oa hau a etsoa tlhahlobo ena, ho ka ba molemo ho hlalosa hore na tlhahlobo eo e tla ikutloa joang, le ho itlhakisa kapa ho etsa mohlala ka popi. Ngoana oa hau o tla ikutloa a sa tšoenyeha haholo ka teko haeba u mo hlalosetsa se tla etsahala le hobaneng.

Hangata ho na le karete ea mohlala ea matheba a mebala-bala eo hoo e ka bang motho e mong le e mong a ka e khethang, esita le batho ba nang le mathata a pono.

Haeba uena kapa ngoana oa hau ka tloaelo le roala likhalase, li apare nakong ea tlhahlobo.

Bana ba banyenyane ba ka kopuoa ho bolela phapang lipakeng tsa capu ea botlolo e khubelu le likepisi tsa 'mala o fapaneng.

Teko e ts'oana le teko ea pono.

Teko ena e etsoa ho fumana hore na u na le mathata ka pono ea hau ea 'mala.

Mathata a pono ea mmala hangata a oela likarolong tse peli:

• Hlahisa ho tloha tsoalong (congenital) mathata ka lisele tse mamelang leseli (li-cones) tsa retina (mokelikeli o bobebe ka morao ho leihlo) - likarete tsa mebala li sebelisoa ntlheng ena.
• Mafu a methapo ea mahlo (methapo ea kutlo e jereng leseli la pono ho tloha leihlong ho ea bokong) - li-cap tsa botlolo li sebelisoa ntlheng ena.

Ka tloaelo, o tla tseba ho khetholla mebala eohle.

Teko ena e ka supa mathata a pono a latelang a tlhaho (a teng ho tloha tsoalong):

• Achromatopsia - bofofu bo felletseng ba mmala, bo bona feela moriti o moputsoa
• Deuteranopia - ho thata ho tseba phapang lipakeng tsa khubelu / pherese le tala / pherese
• Protanopia - ho thata ho tseba phapang lipakeng tsa 'mala o moputsoa / o motala le o mofubelu / o motala
• Tritanopia - ho thata ho tseba phapang lipakeng tsa 'mala o mosehla / o motala le o moputsoa / o motala

Mathata mothapong oa optic a ka iponahatsa e le tahlehelo ea matla a 'mala, leha tlhahlobo ea karete ea' mala e ka ba e tloaelehileng.

Ha ho na likotsi ka tlhahlobo ena.

Teko ea mahlo - 'mala; Teko ea pono - 'mala; Teko ea pono ea Ishihara

• Liteko tsa bofofu ba mebala

Bowling B. Lefutso fundus dystrophies. Ka: Bowling B, ed. Kanski's Clinical Ophthalmology. La 8th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016: khaolo ea 15.

Feder RS, Olsen TW, Prum BE Jr, le al. Tekolo e felletseng ea leihlo la motho e moholo ea bongaka e khetha litataiso tsa paterone. Ophthalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236 (Khatisitsoeng) PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.

Wallace DK, Morse CL, Melia M, le al; American Academy of Ophthalmology Mohlala oa Tloaelo ea Kokelo ea Bana Ophthalmology / Strabismus Panel. Litlhahlobo tsa leihlo la bana Mohlala oa Tloaelo e Khethiloeng: I. ho lekola pono tlhokomelong ea mantlha le tikolohong ea sechaba; II. tlhahlobo e felletseng ea ophthalmic. Ophthalmology. 2018; 125 (1): 184-227. PMID: 29108745 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29108745.