Borokho bo pharaletseng ba nko

Borokho bo pharaletseng ba nko ke ho pharalla ha karolo e holimo ea nko.

Borokho bo pharaletseng ba nko e ka ba tšobotsi e tloaelehileng ea sefahleho. Leha ho le joalo, e ka amahanngoa le mathata a itseng a liphatsa tsa lefutso kapa a tlhaho (a teng ho tloha tsoalong).

Lisosa li ka kenyelletsa:

• Basal cell nevus lefu
• Fetal hydantoin effect (mme o nkile sethethefatsi sa hydantoin nakong ea bokhachane)
• Sefahleho se tloaelehileng sa sefahleho
• Li-syndromes tse ling tsa tlhaho

Ha ho na tlhoko ea ho alafa borokho bo pharaletseng ba nko. Maemo a mang a nang le borokho bo pharaletseng ba nko e le sesupo a ka hloka tlhokomelo ea bongaka.

Bitsa mofani oa tlhokomelo ea bophelo haeba:

• U ikutloa hore sebopeho sa nko ea ngoana oa hau se kena-kenana le ho hema
• U na le lipotso ka nko ea ngoana oa hau

Mofani oa thepa o tla etsa tlhahlobo ea 'mele. Mofani a ka botsa lipotso mabapi le lelapa la motho eo le nalane ea bongaka.

• Sefahleho
• Borokho bo pharaletseng ba nko

Likamore C, Friedman JM. Teratogenesis le ponahalo ea tikoloho. Ka: Resnik R, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF, Copel JA, Silver RM, li-eds. Creasy le Resnik's Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Melao-motheo le Tloaelo. La 8th. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: khaolo ea 33.

Haddad J, Dodhia SN. Mathata a tlhaho a nko. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 404.

Olitsky SE, Marsh JD. Mathata a motsamao oa mahlo le tatellano. Ka: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, bahlophisi. Buka ea Nelson ea Pediatrics. La 21 Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020: khaolo ea 641.